To appraise the role of physical activity in reducing coronary mortality among longshoremen, 6351 men, 35 to 74 years old upon entry, were followed for 22 years or to death or to the age of 75. Their longshoring experience was computed in terms of work-years according to categories of high, medium and low caloric output. Individual work assignments were reclassified annually to allow for effect of job transfers. The age-adjusted coronary death rate for the high-activity category was 26.9 per 10,000 work-years, and the medium and low catgories had rates of 46.3 and 49.0 which were little different from each other. This protective "threshold" effect was seen especially for the sudden-death syndrome, in which the death rate for heavy workers was 5.6, as contrasted with 19.9 for moderate and 15.7 for light workers. We conclude that repeated bursts of high energy output established a plateau of protection against coronary mortality, and that several different mechanisms may explain this finding.
This article has been cited by other articles:
Billman, G. E.
(2009). Cardiac autonomic neural remodeling and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: effect of endurance exercise training. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
297: H1171-H1193
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dunn, A. L.
(2009). Effectiveness of Lifestyle Physical Activity Interventions to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE
3: 11S-18S
[Abstract]
Lavie, C. J., Thomas, R. J., Squires, R. W., Allison, T. G., Milani, R. V.
(2009). Exercise Training and Cardiac Rehabilitation in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. Mayo Clin Proc.
84: 373-383
[Abstract][Full Text]
Brown, W J, Bauman, A E, Owen, N
(2009). Stand up, sit down, keep moving: turning circles in physical activity research?. Br. J. Sports. Med.
43: 86-88
[Abstract][Full Text]
Greenspan, P., Heinz, G., Hargrove, J. L.
(2008). Lives of the artists: differences in longevity between old master sculptors and painters. Age Ageing
37: 102-104
[Full Text]
Lujan, H. L., Britton, S. L., Koch, L. G., DiCarlo, S. E.
(2006). Reduced susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias in rats selectively bred for high aerobic capacity. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
291: H2933-H2941
[Abstract][Full Text]
Warburton, D. E.R., Nicol, C. W., Bredin, S. S.D.
(2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence.. CMAJ
174: 801-809
[Abstract][Full Text]
Collins, H. L., Loka, A. M., DiCarlo, S. E.
(2005). Daily exercise-induced cardioprotection is associated with changes in calcium regulatory proteins in hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
288: H532-H540
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lee, I-M
(2004). No pain, no gain? Thoughts on the Caerphilly study. Br. J. Sports. Med.
38: 4-5
[Full Text]
Billman, G. E.
(2002). Aerobic exercise conditioning: a nonpharmacological antiarrhythmic intervention. J. Appl. Physiol.
92: 446-454
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fletcher, G. F., Balady, G. J., Amsterdam, E. A., Chaitman, B., Eckel, R., Fleg, J., Froelicher, V. F., Leon, A. S., Pina, I. L., Rodney, R., Simons-Morton, D. A., Williams, M. A., Bazzarre, T.
(2001). Exercise Standards for Testing and Training: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association. Circulation
104: 1694-1740
[Full Text]
Albert, C. M, Ruskin, J. N
(2001). Risk stratifiers for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the community: primary prevention of SCD. Cardiovasc Res
50: 186-196
[Full Text]
Broderick, T. L., Driedzic, W. R., Gillis, M., Jacob, J., Belke, T.
(2001). Effects of Chronic Food Restriction and Exercise Training on the Recovery of Cardiac Function Following Ischemia. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
56: 33B-37
[Abstract][Full Text]
Albert, C. M., Mittleman, M. A., Chae, C. U., Lee, I.-M., Hennekens, C. H., Manson, J. E.
(2000). Triggering of Sudden Death from Cardiac Causes by Vigorous Exertion. NEJM
343: 1355-1361
[Abstract][Full Text]
Andersen, L. B., Schnohr, P., Schroll, M., Hein, H. O.
(2000). All-Cause Mortality Associated With Physical Activity During Leisure Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work. Arch Intern Med
160: 1621-1628
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lemaitre, R. N., Siscovick, D. S., Raghunathan, T. E., Weinmann, S., Arbogast, P., Lin, D.-Y.
(1999). Leisure-Time Physical Activity and the Risk of Primary Cardiac Arrest. Arch Intern Med
159: 686-690
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wang, J.-S., Jen, C. J., Chen, H.-I.
(1997). Effects of chronic exercise and deconditioning on platelet function in women. J. Appl. Physiol.
83: 2080-2085
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wang, J.-s., Jen, C. J., Chen, H.-i.
(1995). Effects of Exercise Training and Deconditioning on Platelet Function in Men. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
15: 1668-1674
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pate, R. R.
(1995). Physical Activity and Public Health-Reply. JAMA
274: 535-535
[Abstract]
Fletcher, G. F., Balady, G., Froelicher, V. F., Hartley, L. H., Haskell, W. L., Pollock, M. L.
(1995). Exercise Standards : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association. Circulation
91: 580-615
[Full Text]
Dugdill, L., Springett, J.
(1994). Evaluation of workplace health promotion: a review. Health Education Journal
53: 337-347
Taylor, P. A., Ward, A.
(1993). Women, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Exercise. Arch Intern Med
153: 1178-1184
[Abstract]
Kielyl, J., Hodgson, G.
(1990). Stress in the Prison Service: The Benefits of Exercise Programs. Human Relations
43: 551-572
[Abstract]
Blair, S. N., Kohl, H. W. III, Paffenbarger, R. S. Jr, Clark, D. G., Cooper, K. H., Gibbons, L. W.
(1989). Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Healthy Men and Women. JAMA
262: 2395-2401
[Abstract]
Harris, S. S., Caspersen, C. J., DeFriese, G. H., Estes, E. H. Jr
(1989). Physical Activity Counseling for Healthy Adults as a Primary Preventive Intervention in the Clinical Setting: Report for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA
261: 3588-3598
[Abstract]
Greenland, P., Chu, J. S.
(1988). Efficacy of Cardiac Rehabilitation Services: With Emphasis on Patients After Myocardial Infarction. ANN INTERN MED
109: 650-663
[Abstract]
Siegel, D., Grady, D., Browner, W. S., Hulley, S. B.
(1988). Risk Factor Modification after Myocardial Infarction. ANN INTERN MED
109: 213-218
[Abstract]
Hughes, M.
(1988). Patient attitudes to health education in general practice. Health Education Journal
47: 130-132
[Abstract]
Weltman, A., Janney, C., Rians, C. B., Strand, K., Katch, F. I.
(1987). The Effects of Hydraulic-Resistance Strength Training on Serum Lipid Levels in Prepubertal Boys. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
141: 777-780
[Abstract]
YORK, E.
(1985). Diet, Exercise, and Bone Mineral Content. ANN INTERN MED
102: 418-418
[Abstract]
Bassey, E.J., Fentem, P.H., Skene, P.C.
(1984). Health Professionals View on Exercise -- a Study. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health
104: 225-228
GOLDMAN, L., COOK, E. F.
(1984). The Decline in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality Rates: An Analysis of the Comparative Effects of Medical Interventions and Changes in Lifestyle. ANN INTERN MED
101: 825-836
[Abstract]
Beere, P., Glagov, S, Zarins, C.
(1984). Retarding effect of lowered heart rate on coronary atherosclerosis. Science
226: 180-182
[Abstract]
Paffenbarger, R. S. Jr, Hyde, R. T., Wing, A. L., Steinmetz, C. H.
(1984). A Natural History of Athleticism and Cardiovascular Health. JAMA
252: 491-495
[Abstract]
Goldberg, L., Elliot, D. L., Schutz, R. W., Kloster, F. E.
(1984). Changes in Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels After Weight Training. JAMA
252: 504-506
[Abstract]
(1983). From the Editor - continued. Health Education Journal
42: 66-66
Siscovick, D. S., Weiss, N. S., Hallstrom, A. P., Inui, T. S., Peterson, D. R.
(1982). Physical Activity and Primary Cardiac Arrest. JAMA
248: 3113-3117
[Abstract]
Roupe, S., Svanborg, A.
(1981). Previous Job and Health at the Age of 70. Scand J Public Health
9: 25-31
[Abstract]
Gibbons, L. W., Cooper, K. H., Meyer, B. M., Ellison, R. C.
(1980). The Acute Cardiac Risk of Strenuous Exercise. JAMA
244: 1799-1801
[Abstract]
Thompson, P. D., Stern, M. P., Williams, P., Duncan, K., Haskell, W. L., Wood, P. D.
(1979). Death During Jogging or Running: A Study of 18 Cases. JAMA
242: 1265-1267
[Abstract]
Cantwell, J. D.
(1978). Running. JAMA
240: 1409-1410
[Abstract]
(1977). Report of the Committee on Stress, Strain and Heart Disease American Heart Association. J Law Med Ethics
5: 5-15
Cooper, K. H., Pollock, M. L., Martin, R. P., White, S. R., Linnerud, A. C., Jackson, A.
(1976). Physical Fitness Levels vs Selected Coronary Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study. JAMA
236: 166-169
[Abstract]
McAlister, A. L., Farquhar, J. W., Thoresen, C. E., Maccoby, N.
(1976). Behavioral Science Applied to Cardiovascular Health: Progress and Research Needs in the Modification of Risk-Taking Habits in Adult Populations. Health Educ Behav
4: 45-73
[Abstract]
