To determine whether abnormalities of immunoregulatory T cells are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), we characterized peripheral lymphocytes in 33 patients with untreated MS and compared them with 42 normal persons and 29 age-matched control subjects who had other neurologic diseases. For this analysis, we used monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens of helper (T4) and suppressor (T5) T-cell subsets and to a common T-cell antigen (T3). In contract to normal persons and the controls with other neurologic diseases, the patients with MS had a reduced percentage of T3-positive (T3+) cells (P less than 0.05). More importantly, there was a selective decrease in T5-positive (T5+) cells in 11 of 15 patients with active MS, but in only one of 18 patients with inactive MS and in none of the normal persons or controls with neurologic disease (P less than 0.00001). Serial analysis of five patients with MS showed a correlation between the absence of the T5+ subset and disease activity. Thus, there is loss of peripheral suppressor cells in many patients with active MS, suggesting that immunoregulatory abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
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