BACKGROUND. Bacillary angiomatosis is an infectious disease causing proliferation of small blood vessels in the skin and visceral organs of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and other immunocompromised hosts. The agent is often visualized in tissue sections of lesions with Warthin-Starry staining, but the bacillus has not been successfully cultured or identified. This bacillus may also cause cat scratch disease. METHODS. In attempting to identify this organism, we used the polymerase chain reaction. We used oligonucleotide primers complementary to the 16S ribosomal RNA genes of eubacteria to amplify 16S ribosomal gene fragments directly from tissue samples of bacillary angiomatosis. The DNA sequence of these fragments was determined and analyzed for phylogenetic relatedness to other known organisms. Normal tissues were studied in parallel. RESULTS. Tissue from three unrelated patients with bacillary angiomatosis yielded a unique 16S gene sequence. A sequence obtained from a fourth patient with bacillary angiomatosis differed from the sequence found in the other three patients at only 4 of 241 base positions. No related 16S gene fragment was detected in the normal tissues. These 16S sequences associated with bacillary angiomatosis belong to a previously uncharacterized microorganism, most closely related to Rochalimaea quintana. CONCLUSIONS. The cause of bacillary angiomatosis is a previously uncharacterized rickettsia-like organism, closely related to R. quintana. This method for the identification of an uncultured pathogen may be applicable to other infectious diseases of unknown cause.
Source Information
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Calif.
This article has been cited by other articles:
Viezens, J., Arvand, M.
(2008). Simultaneous presence of two different copies of the 16S rRNA gene in Bartonella henselae. Microbiology
154: 2881-2886
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kunz, S., Oberle, K., Sander, A., Bogdan, C., Schleicher, U.
(2008). Lymphadenopathy in a Novel Mouse Model of Bartonella-Induced Cat Scratch Disease Results from Lymphocyte Immigration and Proliferation and Is Regulated by Interferon-{alpha}/{beta}. Am. J. Pathol.
172: 1005-1018
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hsiao, J.-F., Lee, M.-H., Chia, J.-H., Ho, W.-J., Chu, J.-J., Chu, P.-H.
(2008). Neisseria elongata endocarditis complicated by brain embolism and abscess. J Med Microbiol
57: 376-381
[Abstract][Full Text]
Meziane-Cherif, D., Decre, D., Hoiby, E. A., Courvalin, P., Perichon, B.
(2008). Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of CAD-1, a Chromosomally Encoded New Class A Penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52: 551-556
[Abstract][Full Text]
Eremeeva, M. E., Gerns, H. L., Lydy, S. L., Goo, J. S., Ryan, E. T., Mathew, S. S., Ferraro, M. J., Holden, J. M., Nicholson, W. L., Dasch, G. A., Koehler, J. E.
(2007). Bacteremia, Fever, and Splenomegaly Caused by a Newly Recognized Bartonella Species. NEJM
356: 2381-2387
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lau, S. K. P., McNabb, A., Woo, G. K. S., Hoang, L., Fung, A. M. Y., Chung, L. M. W., Woo, P. C. Y., Yuen, K.-Y.
(2007). Catabacter hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from Blood Cultures of Patients from Hong Kong and Canada. J. Clin. Microbiol.
45: 395-401
[Abstract][Full Text]
Anderson, S. W., Stapp, J. R., Burns, J. L., Qin, X.
(2007). Characterization of Small-Colony-Variant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolated from the Sputum Specimens of Five Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. J. Clin. Microbiol.
45: 529-535
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bush, J. M., Hyatt, D. R., Bolte, D., Pandher, K.
(2006). Isolation of Vibrio cholerae from the brain of a feedlot heifer with meningoencephalitis. jvdi
18: 594-596
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pelton, S. I., Kim, J. Y., Kradin, R. L.
(2006). Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 27-2006. A 17-year-old boy with fever and lesions in the liver and spleen.. NEJM
355: 941-948
[Full Text]
Lau, S. K. P., Teng, J. L. L., Leung, K.-W., Li, N. K. H., Ng, K. H. L., Chau, K.-Y., Que, T.-L., Woo, P. C. Y., Yuen, K.-Y.
(2006). Bacteremia Caused by Solobacterium moorei in a Patient with Acute Proctitis and Carcinoma of the Cervix.. J. Clin. Microbiol.
44: 3031-3034
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lau, S K P, Woo, P C Y, Woo, G K S, Fung, A M Y, Ngan, A H Y, Song, Y, Liu, C, Summanen, P, Finegold, S M, Yuen, K
(2006). Bacteraemia caused by Anaerotruncus colihominis and emended description of the species. J. Clin. Pathol.
59: 748-752
[Abstract][Full Text]
Suarez, F., Lortholary, O., Hermine, O., Lecuit, M.
(2006). Infection-associated lymphomas derived from marginal zone B cells: a model of antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. Blood
107: 3034-3044
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lau, S K P, Woo, P C Y, Li, N K H, Teng, J L L, Leung, K-W, Ng, K H L, Que, T-L, Yuen, K-Y
(2006). Globicatella bacteraemia identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.. J. Clin. Pathol.
59: 303-307
[Abstract][Full Text]
Weng, L., Rubin, E. M., Bristow, J.
(2006). Application of sequence-based methods in human microbial ecology. Genome Res
16: 316-322
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lau, S K P, Ng, K H L, Woo, P C Y, Yip, K-t, Fung, A M Y, Woo, G K S, Chan, K-m, Que, T-l, Yuen, K-y
(2006). Usefulness of the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA bacterial identification system for identification of anaerobic Gram positive bacilli isolated from blood cultures. J. Clin. Pathol.
59: 219-222
[Abstract][Full Text]
Koehler, J. E., Duncan, L. M.
(2005). Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 30-2005. A 56-year-old man with Fever and axillary lymphadenopathy.. NEJM
353: 1387-1394
[Full Text]
Hansmann, Y., DeMartino, S., Piemont, Y., Meyer, N., Mariet, P., Heller, R., Christmann, D., Jaulhac, B.
(2005). Diagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease with Detection of Bartonella henselae by PCR: a Study of Patients with Lymph Node Enlargement. J. Clin. Microbiol.
43: 3800-3806
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mafee, M. F.
(2005). Ocular Manifestations of Cat-Scratch Disease: Role of MR Imaging. Am. J. Neuroradiol.
26: 1303-1304
[Full Text]
Breitschwerdt, E. B., Hegarty, B. C., Maggi, R., Hawkins, E., Dyer, P.
(2005). Bartonella Species as a Potential Cause of Epistaxis in Dogs. J. Clin. Microbiol.
43: 2529-2533
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schlesinger, J., Navon-Venezia, S., Chmelnitsky, I., Hammer-Munz, O., Leavitt, A., Gold, H. S., Schwaber, M. J., Carmeli, Y.
(2005). Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases among Enterobacter Isolates Obtained in Tel Aviv, Israel. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
49: 1150-1156
[Abstract][Full Text]
Maggi, R. G., Breitschwerdt, E. B.
(2005). Potential Limitations of the 16S-23S rRNA Intergenic Region for Molecular Detection of Bartonella Species. J. Clin. Microbiol.
43: 1171-1176
[Abstract][Full Text]
Woo, P C Y, Lau, S K P, Chan, K-m, Fung, A M Y, Tang, B S F, Yuen, K-y
(2005). Clostridium bacteraemia characterised by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. J. Clin. Pathol.
58: 301-307
[Abstract][Full Text]
Foucault, C., La Scola, B., Lindroos, H., Andersson, S. G. E., Raoult, D.
(2005). Multispacer Typing Technique for Sequence-Based Typing of Bartonella quintana. J. Clin. Microbiol.
43: 41-48
[Abstract][Full Text]
Woo, P. C. Y., Lau, S. K. P., Woo, G. K. S., Fung, A. M. Y., Yiu, V. P. Y., Yuen, K.-y.
(2004). Bacteremia Due to Clostridium hathewayi in a Patient with Acute Appendicitis. J. Clin. Microbiol.
42: 5947-5949
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lau, S. K., Woo, P. C., Fung, A. M., Chan, K.-m., Woo, G. K., Yuen, K.-y.
(2004). Anaerobic, non-sporulating, Gram-positive bacilli bacteraemia characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. J Med Microbiol
53: 1247-1253
[Abstract][Full Text]
Riess, T., Andersson, S. G.E., Lupas, A., Schaller, M., Schafer, A., Kyme, P., Martin, J., Walzlein, J.-H., Ehehalt, U., Lindroos, H., Schirle, M., Nordheim, A., Autenrieth, I. B., Kempf, V. A.J.
(2004). Bartonella Adhesin A Mediates a Proangiogenic Host Cell Response. J. Exp. Med.
200: 1267-1278
[Abstract][Full Text]
Clarridge, J. E. III
(2004). Impact of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.
17: 840-862
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roth, S. B., Jalava, J., Ruuskanen, O., Ruohola, A., Nikkari, S.
(2004). Use of an Oligonucleotide Array for Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacteria Responsible for Acute Upper Respiratory Infections. J. Clin. Microbiol.
42: 4268-4274
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mortele, K. J., Segatto, E., Ros, P. R.
(2004). The Infected Liver: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. RadioGraphics
24: 937-955
[Abstract][Full Text]
Patel, U. D., Hollander, H., Saint, S.
(2004). Index of Suspicion. NEJM
350: 1990-1995
[Full Text]
Bosshard, P. P., Abels, S., Altwegg, M., Bottger, E. C., Zbinden, R.
(2004). Comparison of Conventional and Molecular Methods for Identification of Aerobic Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive Cocci in the Clinical Laboratory. J. Clin. Microbiol.
42: 2065-2073
[Abstract][Full Text]
Drancourt, M., Berger, P., Raoult, D.
(2004). Systematic 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Atypical Clinical Isolates Identified 27 New Bacterial Species Associated with Humans. J. Clin. Microbiol.
42: 2197-2202
[Abstract][Full Text]
Peterson, M. C., Lecuit, M., Suarez, F., Lortholary, O.
(2004). Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease Associated with Campylobacter jejuni. NEJM
350: 1685-1686
[Full Text]
Mitterer, G., Huber, M., Leidinger, E., Kirisits, C., Lubitz, W., Mueller, M. W., Schmidt, W. M.
(2004). Microarray-Based Identification of Bacteria in Clinical Samples by Solid-Phase PCR Amplification of 23S Ribosomal DNA Sequences. J. Clin. Microbiol.
42: 1048-1057
[Abstract][Full Text]
Guptill, L., Wu, C.-C., HogenEsch, H., Slater, L. N., Glickman, N., Dunham, A., Syme, H., Glickman, L.
(2004). Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Genetic Diversity of Bartonella henselae Infections in Pet Cats in Four Regions of the United States. J. Clin. Microbiol.
42: 652-659
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lecuit, M., Abachin, E., Martin, A., Poyart, C., Pochart, P., Suarez, F., Bengoufa, D., Feuillard, J., Lavergne, A., Gordon, J. I., Berche, P., Guillevin, L., Lortholary, O.
(2004). Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease Associated with Campylobacter jejuni. NEJM
350: 239-248
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ketring, K. L., Zuckerman, E. E., Hardy, W. D. Jr.
(2004). Bartonella: A New Etiological Agent of Feline Ocular Disease. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association
40: 6-12
[Full Text]
Bosshard, P. P., Abels, S., Zbinden, R., Bottger, E. C., Altwegg, M.
(2003). Ribosomal DNA Sequencing for Identification of Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods in the Clinical Laboratory (an 18-Month Evaluation). J. Clin. Microbiol.
41: 4134-4140
[Abstract][Full Text]
Christensen, J. E., Stencil, J. A., Reed, K. D.
(2003). Rapid Identification of Bacteria from Positive Blood Cultures by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Profile Analysis of the 16S rRNA Gene. J. Clin. Microbiol.
41: 3790-3800
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rolain, J. M., Gouriet, F., Enea, M., Aboud, M., Raoult, D.
(2003). Detection by Immunofluorescence Assay of Bartonella henselae in Lymph Nodes from Patients with Cat Scratch Disease. CVI
10: 686-691
[Abstract][Full Text]
Eckburg, P. B., Lepp, P. W., Relman, D. A.
(2003). Archaea and Their Potential Role in Human Disease. Infect. Immun.
71: 591-596
[Full Text]
Kosoy, M., Murray, M., Gilmore, R. D. Jr., Bai, Y., Gage, K. L.
(2003). Bartonella Strains from Ground Squirrels Are Identical to Bartonella washoensis Isolated from a Human Patient. J. Clin. Microbiol.
41: 645-650
[Abstract][Full Text]
Teng, J L L, Woo, P C Y, Leung, K W, Lau, S K P, Wong, M K M, Yuen, K Y
(2003). Pseudobacteraemia in a patient with neutropenic fever caused by a novel paenibacillus species: Paenibacillus hongkongensis sp. nov.. Mol. Pathol.
56: 29-35
[Abstract][Full Text]
Maurin, M., Rolain, J. M., Raoult, D.
(2002). Comparison of In-House and Commercial Slides for Detection by Immunofluorescence of Immunoglobulins G and M against Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana. CVI
9: 1004-1009
[Abstract][Full Text]
LAU, S. K.-P., WOO, P. C.-Y., CHAN, B. Y.-L., FUNG, A. M.-Y., QUE, T.-L., YUEN, K.-Y.
(2002). Haemophilus segnis polymicrobial and monomicrobial bacteraemia identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. J Med Microbiol
51: 635-640
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lau, S. K. P., Woo, P. C. Y., Woo, G. K. S., Yuen, K.-Y.
(2002). Catheter-Related Microbacterium Bacteremia Identified by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. J. Clin. Microbiol.
40: 2681-2685
[Abstract][Full Text]
La Scola, B., Liang, Z., Zeaiter, Z., Houpikian, P., Grimont, P. A. D., Raoult, D.
(2002). Genotypic Characteristics of Two Serotypes of Bartonella henselae. J. Clin. Microbiol.
40: 2002-2008
[Abstract][Full Text]
Edwards, R., Colombo, T., Greaves, P.
(2002). "Have You Seen This?" Peliosis Hepatis. Toxicol Pathol
30: 521-523
[Abstract]
Lau, S K P, Woo, P C Y, Teng, J L L, Leung, K W, Yuen, K Y
(2002). Identification by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of Arcobacter butzleri bacteraemia in a patient with acute gangrenous appendicitis. Mol. Pathol.
55: 182-185
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zinniel, D. K., Lambrecht, P., Harris, N. B., Feng, Z., Kuczmarski, D., Higley, P., Ishimaru, C. A., Arunakumari, A., Barletta, R. G., Vidaver, A. K.
(2002). Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Colonizing Bacteria from Agronomic Crops and Prairie Plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
68: 2198-2208
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wilson, K. H., Wilson, W. J., Radosevich, J. L., DeSantis, T. Z., Viswanathan, V. S., Kuczmarski, T. A., Andersen, G. L.
(2002). High-Density Microarray of Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA Probes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
68: 2535-2541
[Abstract][Full Text]
Millar, B. C., Xu, J., Moore, J. E.
(2002). Risk Assessment Models and Contamination Management: Implications for Broad-Range Ribosomal DNA PCR as a Diagnostic Tool in Medical Bacteriology. J. Clin. Microbiol.
40: 1575-1580
[Full Text]
Woo, P. C. Y., Leung, K.-W., Wong, S. S. Y., Chong, K. T. K., Cheung, E. Y. L., Yuen, K.-Y.
(2002). Relatively Alcohol-Resistant Mycobacteria Are Emerging Pathogens in Patients Receiving Acupuncture Treatment. J. Clin. Microbiol.
40: 1219-1224
[Abstract][Full Text]
Woo, P. C. Y., Tam, D. M. W., Leung, K.-W., Lau, S. K. P., Teng, J. L. L., Wong, M. K. M., Yuen, K.-Y.
(2002). Streptococcus sinensis sp. nov., a Novel Species Isolated from a Patient with Infective Endocarditis. J. Clin. Microbiol.
40: 805-810
[Abstract][Full Text]
Foley, J. E., Borjesson, D., Gross, T. L., Rand, C., Needham, M., Poland, A.
(2002). Clinical, Microscopic, and Molecular Aspects of Canine Leproid Granuloma in the United States. Vet Pathol
39: 234-239
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jacomo, V., Kelly, P. J., Raoult, D.
(2002). Natural History of Bartonella Infections (an Exception to Koch's Postulate). CVI
9: 8-18
[Full Text]
Woo, P. C. Y., Fung, A. M. Y., Lau, S. K. P., Yuen, K.-Y.
(2002). Identification by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Lactobacillus salivarius Bacteremic Cholecystitis. J. Clin. Microbiol.
40: 265-267
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yuen, K.-Y., Woo, P. C. Y., Teng, J. L. L., Leung, K.-W., Wong, M. K. M., Lau, S. K. P.
(2001). Laribacterhongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Gram-Negative Bacterium Isolated from a Cirrhotic Patient with Bacteremia and Empyema. J. Clin. Microbiol.
39: 4227-4232
[Abstract][Full Text]
Franklin, C. L., Gorelick, P. L., Riley, L. K., Dewhirst, F. E., Livingston, R. S., Ward, J. M., Beckwith, C. S., Fox, J. G.
(2001). Helicobacter typhlonius sp. nov., a Novel Murine Urease-Negative Helicobacter Species. J. Clin. Microbiol.
39: 3920-3926
[Abstract][Full Text]
Park, S. Y., Kelminson, K. L., Lee, A. K., Zhang, P., Warner, R. E., Rehkopf, D. H., Calderwood, S. B., Koehler, J. E.
(2001). Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of a Gene Encoding the Ferric Uptake Regulation Protein in Bartonella Species. J. Bacteriol.
183: 5751-5755
[Abstract][Full Text]
Turenne, C. Y., Tschetter, L., Wolfe, J., Kabani, A.
(2001). Necessity of Quality-Controlled 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Databases: Identifying Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Species. J. Clin. Microbiol.
39: 3637-3648
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rolph, H. J., Lennon, A., Riggio, M. P., Saunders, W. P., MacKenzie, D., Coldero, L., Bagg, J.
(2001). Molecular Identification of Microorganisms from Endodontic Infections. J. Clin. Microbiol.
39: 3282-3289
[Abstract][Full Text]
Eskow, E., Rao, R.-V. S., Mordechai, E.
(2001). Concurrent Infection of the Central Nervous System by Borrelia burgdorferi and Bartonella henselae: Evidence for a Novel Tick-borne Disease Complex. Arch Neurol
58: 1357-1363
[Abstract][Full Text]
Houpikian, P., Raoult, D.
(2001). 16S/23S rRNA Intergenic Spacer Regions for Phylogenetic Analysis, Identification, and Subtyping of Bartonella Species. J. Clin. Microbiol.
39: 2768-2778
[Abstract][Full Text]
Woo, P C Y, Leung, A S P, Leung, K W, Yuen, K Y
(2001). Identification of slide coagulase positive, tube coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Mol. Pathol.
54: 244-247
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wong, A. K., Alfert, M., Castrillon, D. H., Shen, Q., Holash, J., Yancopoulos, G. D., Chin, L.
(2001). Excessive tumor-elaborated VEGF and its neutralization define a lethal paraneoplastic syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
10.1073/pnas.121192298v1
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nikkari, S., McLaughlin, I. J., Bi, W., Dodge, D. E., Relman, D. A.
(2001). Does Blood of Healthy Subjects Contain Bacterial Ribosomal DNA?. J. Clin. Microbiol.
39: 1956-1959
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wilck, M. B., Wu, Y., Howe, J. G., Crouch, J. Y., Edberg, S. C.
(2001). Endocarditis Caused by Culture-Negative Organisms Visible by Brown and Brenn Staining: Utility of PCR and DNA Sequencing for Diagnosis. J. Clin. Microbiol.
39: 2025-2027
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chang, C. C., Chomel, B. B., Kasten, R. W., Romano, V., Tietze, N.
(2001). Molecular Evidence of Bartonella spp. in Questing Adult Ixodes pacificus Ticks in California. J. Clin. Microbiol.
39: 1221-1226
[Abstract][Full Text]
Harmsen, D., Singer, C., Rothgänger, J., Tønjum, T., Sybren de Hoog, G., Shah, H., Albert, J., Frosch, M.
(2001). Diagnostics of Neisseriaceae and Moraxellaceae by Ribosomal DNA Sequencing: Ribosomal Differentiation of Medical Microorganisms. J. Clin. Microbiol.
39: 936-942
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fournier, P.-E., Minnick, M. F., Lepidi, H., Salvo, E., Raoult, D.
(2001). Experimental Model of Human Body Louse Infection Using Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Bartonella quintana. Infect. Immun.
69: 1876-1879
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chang, C.-C., Kasten, R. W., Chomel, B. B., Simpson, D. C., Hew, C. M., Kordick, D. L., Heller, R., Piemont, Y., Breitschwerdt, E. B.
(2000). Coyotes (Canis latrans) as the Reservoir for a Human Pathogenic Bartonella sp.: Molecular Epidemiology of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii Infection in Coyotes from Central Coastal California. J. Clin. Microbiol.
38: 4193-4200
[Abstract][Full Text]
Padmalayam, I., Kelly, T., Baumstark, B., Massung, R.
(2000). Molecular Cloning, Sequencing, Expression, and Characterization of an Immunogenic 43-Kilodalton Lipoprotein of Bartonella bacilliformis That Has Homology to NlpD/LppB. Infect. Immun.
68: 4972-4979
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jaffe, R. I., Lane, J. D., Albury, S. V., Niemeyer, D. M.
(2000). Rapid Extraction from and Direct Identification in Clinical Samples of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Using the PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol.
38: 3407-3412
[Abstract][Full Text]
Woo, P. C. Y., Tsoi, H.-W., Leung, K.-W., Lum, P. N. L., Leung, A. S. P., Ma, C.-H., Kam, K.-M., Yuen, K.-Y.
(2000). Identification of Mycobacterium neoaurum Isolated from a Neutropenic Patient with Catheter-Related Bacteremia by 16S rRNA Sequencing. J. Clin. Microbiol.
38: 3515-3517
[Abstract][Full Text]
Handley, S. A., Regnery, R. L.
(2000). Differentiation of Pathogenic Bartonella Species by Infrequent Restriction Site PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol.
38: 3010-3015
[Abstract][Full Text]
Louie, M., Louie, L., Simor, A. E.
(2000). The role of DNA amplification technology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. CMAJ
163: 301-309
[Abstract][Full Text]
Woo, P C Y, Leung, P K L, Leung, K W, Yuen, K Y
(2000). Identification by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of an Enterobacteriaceae species from a bone marrow transplant recipient. Mol. Pathol.
53: 211-215
[Abstract][Full Text]
Perichon, B., Casadewall, B., Reynolds, P., Courvalin, P.
(2000). Glycopeptide-Resistant Enterococcus faecium BM4416 Is a VanD-Type Strain with an Impaired D-Alanine:D-Alanine Ligase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
44: 1346-1348
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liang, Z., Raoult, D.
(2000). Species-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies for Rapid Identification of Bartonella quintana. CVI
7: 21-24
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rantakokko-Jalava, K., Nikkari, S., Jalava, J., Eerola, E., Skurnik, M., Meurman, O., Ruuskanen, O., Alanen, A., Kotilainen, E., Toivanen, P., Kotilainen, P.
(2000). Direct Amplification of rRNA Genes in Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections. J. Clin. Microbiol.
38: 32-39
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kroes, I., Lepp, P. W., Relman, D. A.
(1999). Bacterial diversity within the human subgingival crevice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
96: 14547-14552
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kerkhoff, F. T., Bergmans, A. M. C., van der Zee, A., Rothova, A.
(1999). Demonstration of Bartonella grahamii DNA in Ocular Fluids of a Patient with Neuroretinitis. J. Clin. Microbiol.
37: 4034-4038
[Abstract][Full Text]
Matar, G. M., Koehler, J. E., Malcolm, G., Lambert-Fair, M. A., Tappero, J., Hunter, S. B., Swaminathan, B.
(1999). Identification of Bartonella Species Directly in Clinical Specimens by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of a 16S rRNA Gene Fragment. J. Clin. Microbiol.
37: 4045-4047
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sander, A., Penno, S.
(1999). Semiquantitative Species-Specific Detection of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana by PCR-Enzyme Immunoassay. J. Clin. Microbiol.
37: 3097-3101
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bereswill, S., Hinkelmann, S., Kist, M., Sander, A.
(1999). Molecular Analysis of Riboflavin Synthesis Genes in Bartonella henselae and Use of the ribC Gene for Differentiation of Bartonella Species by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol.
37: 3159-3166
[Abstract][Full Text]
Raoult, D.
(1999). Afebrile Blood Culture-Negative Endocarditis. ANN INTERN MED
131: 144-146
[Full Text]
Schouls, L. M., Van De Pol, I., Rijpkema, S. G. T., Schot, C. S.
(1999). Detection and Identification of Ehrlichia, Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, and Bartonella Species in Dutch Ixodes ricinus Ticks. J. Clin. Microbiol.
37: 2215-2222
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kurbasic, M., Jones, V. F., Maxfield, C. M.
(1999). Radiological Case of the Month. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
153: 761-762
[Full Text]
La Scola, B., Raoult, D.
(1999). Culture of Bartonella quintana and Bartonella henselae from Human Samples: a 5-Year Experience (1993 to 1998). J. Clin. Microbiol.
37: 1899-1905
[Abstract][Full Text]
Relman, D. A.
(1999). The Search for Unrecognized Pathogens. Science
284: 1308-1310
[Abstract][Full Text]
Holmberg, M., McGill, S., Ehrenborg, C., Wesslén, L., Hjelm, E., Darelid, J., Blad, L., Engstrand, L., Regnery, R., Friman, G.
(1999). Evaluation of Human Seroreactivity to Bartonella Species in Sweden. J. Clin. Microbiol.
37: 1381-1384
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sander, A., Posselt, M., Böhm, N., Ruess, M., Altwegg, M.
(1999). Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA by Two Different PCR Assays and Determination of the Genotypes of Strains Involved in Histologically Defined Cat Scratch Disease. J. Clin. Microbiol.
37: 993-997
[Abstract][Full Text]
Droz, S., Chi, B., Horn, E., Steigerwalt, A. G., Whitney, A. M., Brenner, D. J.
(1999). Bartonella koehlerae sp. nov., Isolated from Cats. J. Clin. Microbiol.
37: 1117-1122
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roux, V., Raoult, D.
(1999). Body Lice as Tools for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Reemerging Diseases. J. Clin. Microbiol.
37: 596-599
[Abstract][Full Text]
Knox, C. M., Cevellos, V., Dean, D.
(1998). 16S Ribosomal DNA Typing for Identification of Pathogens in Patients with Bacterial Keratitis. J. Clin. Microbiol.
36: 3492-3496
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tang, Y.-W., Ellis, N. M., Hopkins, M. K., Smith, D. H., Dodge, D. E., Persing, D. H.
(1998). Comparison of Phenotypic and Genotypic Techniques for Identification of Unusual Aerobic Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacilli. J. Clin. Microbiol.
36: 3674-3679
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ward, D. M., Ferris, M. J., Nold, S. C., Bateson, M. M.
(1998). A Natural View of Microbial Biodiversity within Hot Spring Cyanobacterial Mat Communities. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.
62: 1353-1370
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kelly, T. M., Padmalayam, I., Baumstark, B. R.
(1998). Use of the Cell Division Protein FtsZ as a Means of Differentiating among Bartonella Species. CVI
5: 766-772
[Abstract][Full Text]
