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Previous Volume 328:399-405 February 11, 1993 Number 6 Next

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ABSTRACT

Background The adult respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by pulmonary hypertension and right-to-left shunting of venous blood. We investigated whether inhaling nitric oxide gas would cause selective vasodilation of ventilated lung regions, thereby reducing pulmonary hypertension and improving gas exchange.

Methods Nine of 10 consecutive patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome inhaled nitric oxide in two concentrations for 40 minutes each. Hemodynamic variables, gas exchange, and ventilation-perfusion distributions were measured by means of multiple inert-gas-elimination techniques during nitric oxide inhalation; the results were compared with those obtained during intravenous infusion of prostacyclin. Seven patients were treated with continuous inhalation of nitric oxide in a concentration of 5 to 20 parts per million (ppm) for 3 to 53 days.

Results Inhalation of nitric oxide in a concentration of 18 ppm reduced the mean (±SE) pulmonary-artery pressure from 37 ±3 mm Hg to 30 ±2 mm Hg (P = 0.008) and decreased intrapulmonary shunting from 36 ±5 percent to 31 ±5 percent (P = 0.028). The ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO₂/FiO₂), an index of the efficiency of arterial oxygenation, increased during nitric oxide administration from 152 ±15 mm Hg to 199 ±23 mm Hg (P = 0.008), although the mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were unchanged. Infusion of prostacyclin reduced pulmonary-artery pressure but increased intrapulmonary shunting and reduced the PaO₂/FiO₂ and systemic arterial pressure. Continuous nitric oxide inhalation consistently lowered the pulmonary-artery pressure and augmented the PaO₂/FiO₂ for 3 to 53 days.

Conclusions Inhalation of nitric oxide by patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome reduces the pulmonary-artery pressure and increases arterial oxygenation by improving the matching of ventilation with perfusion, without producing systemic vasodilation. Randomized, blinded trials will be required to determine whether inhaled nitric oxide will improve outcome.

Source Information

From the Klinik fur Anaesthesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Universitatsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin (R.R., K.J.F., F.L., K.S., U.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (W.M.Z.). The Massachusetts General Hospital has filed for a patent (pending) on the respiratory uses of nitric oxide.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Falke at Klinik fur Anaesthesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Universitatsklinikum Rudolf Virchow/Wedding, Freie Universitat Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 1000 Berlin 65, Germany.

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Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Sahebjami H., Monchi M., Brunet F., Dinh-Xuan A. T., Zapol W. M., Falke K. J., Rossaint R.
Extract | Full Text  
N Engl J Med 1993; 329:206-207, Jul 15, 1993. Correspondence

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