Approximately 52,300 new cases of carcinoma of the bladder werediagnosed in the United States in 19931. These carcinomas struckprimarily older men, who often presented with hematuria or increasedfrequency of urination. Patients whose cancers are detectedin an early, localized stage have a 90 percent chance of survivingat least five years. If the cancer is detected after distantspread of the disease, however, the five-year survival ratedrops to 9 percent1. Clearly, techniques for the early detectionof carcinoma of the bladder can have a major impact on the outcomeof the disease2.
From the Departments of Pathology (R.H.H., Y.S.E.) and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (R.H.H., P.R., D.S.), Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the U.S. and Canadian Academy of Pathology, San Francisco, March 16, 1994.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Sidransky at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 818 Ross Research Bldg., 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205-2195.
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