Background We assessed the relation between the severity ofstenosis in a coronary artery and the degree of impairment ofmyocardial blood flow. Studies in laboratory animals have shownthat as the degree of coronary-artery stenosis increases, themaximal coronary flow measured after maximal vasodilatationprogressively decreases, with a concomitant decrease in basalflow. However, this relation has not been carefully documentedin humans through measurement of myocardial blood flow.
Methods We studied 35 patients with single-vessel coronary arterydisease and normal left ventricular function and 21 age-matchedcontrols. Regional myocardial blood flow in the area suppliedby the stenosed artery was measured by positron-emission tomographywith oxygen-15-labeled water while the subject was at rest (basalflow) and during hyperemia induced by the intravenous administrationof the vasodilator adenosine (140 µg per kilogram of bodyweight per minute) or dipyridamole (0.56 mg per kilogram).
Results The mean (±SD) basal myocardial blood flow was1.14 ±0.42 ml per minute per gram of tissue in the patientsand 1.13 ±0.26 ml per minute per gram in the controls;during hyperemia, myocardial flow was 2.10 ±1.16 and3.37 ±1.25 ml per minute per gram (P<0.001), respectively.Basal flow was unchanged regardless of the severity of stenosis,expressed as a percentage of the diameter of the affected vessel(range of degrees of stenosis, 17 to 87 percent). In contrast,flow during hyperemia correlated inversely and significantlywith the degree of stenosis and correlated directly with theminimal luminal diameter. The coronary vasodilator reserve (definedas the ratio of flow during hyperemia to flow at base line)began to decline when the degree of stenosis was about 40 percentand approached unity when stenosis was 80 percent or greater.
Conclusions In humans, basal myocardial blood flow remains constantregardless of the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. However,during hyperemia, flow progressively decreases when the degreeof stenosis is about 40 percent or more and does not differsignificantly from basal flow when stenosis is 80 percent orgreater.
Source Information
From the Cyclotron Unit, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre and Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London (N.G.U., P.G.C.); the University of Louvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium (J.A.M., W.W., T.B.); and the Cardiovascular Center, Aalst, Belgium (B.D.B.). Presented in part at the 66th Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, Atlanta, November 7-11, 1993.Dr. Baudhuin is deceased.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Camici at the MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd., London W12 0HS, United Kingdom.
Burwash, I G, Lortie, M, Pibarot, P, de Kemp, R A, Graf, S, Mundigler, G, Khorsand, A, Blais, C, Baumgartner, H, Dumesnil, J G, Hachicha, Z, DaSilva, J, Beanlands, R S B
(2008). Myocardial blood flow in patients with low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis: differences between true and pseudo-severe aortic stenosis. Results from the multicentre TOPAS (Truly or Pseudo-Severe Aortic Stenosis) study. Heart
94: 1627-1633
[Abstract][Full Text]
Meijboom, W. B., Van Mieghem, C. A.G., van Pelt, N., Weustink, A., Pugliese, F., Mollet, N. R., Boersma, E., Regar, E., van Geuns, R. J., de Jaegere, P. J., Serruys, P. W., Krestin, G. P., de Feyter, P. J.
(2008). Comprehensive Assessment of Coronary Artery Stenoses: Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography Versus Conventional Coronary Angiography and Correlation With Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Stable Angina. J Am Coll Cardiol
52: 636-643
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sato, A., Hiroe, M., Tamura, M., Ohigashi, H., Nozato, T., Hikita, H., Takahashi, A., Aonuma, K., Isobe, M.
(2008). Quantitative Measures of Coronary Stenosis Severity by 64-Slice CT Angiography and Relation to Physiologic Significance of Perfusion in Nonobese Patients: Comparison with Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. JNM
49: 564-572
[Abstract][Full Text]
Marques, K. M., Knaapen, P., Boellaard, R., Lammertsma, A. A., Westerhof, N., Visser, F. C.
(2007). Microvascular Function in Viable Myocardium After Chronic Infarction Does Not Influence Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements. JNM
48: 1987-1992
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cortigiani, L., Rigo, F., Gherardi, S., Sicari, R., Galderisi, M., Bovenzi, F., Picano, E.
(2007). Additional Prognostic Value of Coronary Flow Reserve in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients With Negative Dipyridamole Stress Echocardiography by Wall Motion Criteria. J Am Coll Cardiol
50: 1354-1361
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kaufmann, P. A., Rimoldi, O. E., Gnecchi-Ruscone, T., Luscher, T. F., Camici, P. G.
(2007). Systemic nitric oxide synthase inhibition improves coronary flow reserve to adenosine in patients with significant stenoses. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
293: H2178-H2182
[Abstract][Full Text]
Costa, M. A., Shoemaker, S., Futamatsu, H., Klassen, C., Angiolillo, D. J., Nguyen, M., Siuciak, A., Gilmore, P., Zenni, M. M., Guzman, L., Bass, T. A., Wilke, N.
(2007). Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging Detects Anatomic and Physiologic Coronary Artery Disease as Measured by Coronary Angiography and Fractional Flow Reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol
50: 514-522
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gerber, T. C., Kantor, B., Chareonthaitawee, P.
(2007). Coronary computed tomographic angiography and exercise electrocardiography: a great match or unequal partners?. Eur Heart J
28: 1787-1789
[Full Text]
Camici, P. G.
(2007). Is the chest pain in cardiac syndrome X due to subendocardial ischaemia?. Eur Heart J
28: 1539-1540
[Full Text]
Di Carli, M. F., Dorbala, S., Meserve, J., El Fakhri, G., Sitek, A., Moore, S. C.
(2007). Clinical Myocardial Perfusion PET/CT. JNM
48: 783-793
[Abstract][Full Text]
Di Carli, M. F., Hachamovitch, R.
(2007). New Technology for Noninvasive Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation
115: 1464-1480
[Full Text]
Otake, H., Shite, J., Paredes, O. L., Shinke, T., Yoshikawa, R., Tanino, Y., Watanabe, S., Ozawa, T., Matsumoto, D., Ogasawara, D., Yokoyama, M.
(2007). Catheter-Based Transcoronary Myocardial Hypothermia Attenuates Arrhythmia and Myocardial Necrosis in Pigs With Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol
49: 250-260
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dorbala, S., Hachamovitch, R., Di Carli, M. F.
(2006). Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Multidetector Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiography: Appropriate for All Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease?. J Am Coll Cardiol
48: 2515-2517
[Full Text]
Yoshinaga, K., Chow, B. J.W., Williams, K., Chen, L., deKemp, R. A., Garrard, L., Lok-Tin Szeto, A., Aung, M., Davies, R. A., Ruddy, T. D., Beanlands, R. S.B.
(2006). What is the Prognostic Value of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using Rubidium-82 Positron Emission Tomography?. J Am Coll Cardiol
48: 1029-1039
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jagathesan, R, Barnes, E, Rosen, S D, Foale, R, Camici, P G
(2006). Dobutamine-induced hyperaemia inversely correlates with coronary artery stenosis severity and highlights dissociation between myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption. Heart
92: 1230-1237
[Abstract][Full Text]
George, R. T., Silva, C., Cordeiro, M. A.S., DiPaula, A., Thompson, D. R., McCarthy, W. F., Ichihara, T., Lima, J. A.C., Lardo, A. C.
(2006). Multidetector Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging During Adenosine Stress. J Am Coll Cardiol
48: 153-160
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pepine, C. J., Kerensky, R. A., Lambert, C. R., Smith, K. M., von Mering, G. O., Sopko, G., Bairey Merz, C. N.
(2006). Some Thoughts on the Vasculopathy of Women With Ischemic Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol
47: S30-S35
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lautamaki, R., Airaksinen, K.E. J., Seppanen, M., Toikka, J., Harkonen, R., Luotolahti, M., Borra, R., Sundell, J., Knuuti, J., Nuutila, P.
(2006). Insulin Improves Myocardial Blood Flow in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease. Diabetes
55: 511-516
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rimoldi, O., Schafers, K. P., Boellaard, R., Turkheimer, F., Stegger, L., Law, M. P., Lammerstma, A. A., Camici, P. G.
(2006). Quantification of Subendocardial and Subepicardial Blood Flow Using 15O-Labeled Water and PET: Experimental Validation. JNM
47: 163-172
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rodrigues de Avila, L. F., Fernandes, J. L., Rochitte, C. E., Cerri, G. G., Filho, J. P.
(2005). Perfusion Impairment in Patients with Normal-appearing Coronary Arteries: Identification with Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging. Radiology
0: 2382041697-
[Abstract][Full Text]
Selvanayagam, J. B., Jerosch-Herold, M., Porto, I., Sheridan, D., Cheng, A. S.H., Petersen, S. E., Searle, N., Channon, K. M., Banning, A. P., Neubauer, S.
(2005). Resting Myocardial Blood Flow Is Impaired in Hibernating Myocardium: A Magnetic Resonance Study of Quantitative Perfusion Assessment. Circulation
112: 3289-3296
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fenchel, M., Franow, A., Stauder, N. I., Kramer, U., Helber, U., Claussen, C. D., Miller, S.
(2005). Myocardial Perfusion after Angioplasty in Patients Suspected of Having Single-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: Improvement Detected at Rest-Stress First-Pass Perfusion MR Imaging--Initial Experience. Radiology
237: 67-74
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kruger, S., Koch, K.-C., Kaumanns, I., Merx, M. W., Hanrath, P., Hoffmann, R.
(2005). Clinical Significance of Fractional Flow Reserve for Evaluation of Functional Lesion Severity in Stent Restenosis and Native Coronary Arteries. Chest
128: 1645-1649
[Abstract][Full Text]
Vicario, M. L. E., Cirillo, L., Storto, G., Pellegrino, T., Ragone, N., Fontanella, L., Petretta, M., Bonaduce, D., Cuocolo, A.
(2005). Influence of Risk Factors on Coronary Flow Reserve in Patients with 1-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease. JNM
46: 1438-1443
[Abstract][Full Text]
Glineur, D., Noirhomme, P., Reisch, J., El Khoury, G., Astarci, P., Hanet, C.
(2005). Resistance to Flow of Arterial Y-Grafts 6 Months After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Circulation
112: I-281-I-285
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sakuma, H., Suzawa, N., Ichikawa, Y., Makino, K., Hirano, T., Kitagawa, K., Takeda, K.
(2005). Diagnostic Accuracy of Stress First-Pass Contrast-Enhanced Myocardial Perfusion MRI Compared with Stress Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy. Am. J. Roentgenol.
185: 95-102
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nygard, E., Kofoed, K. F., Freiberg, J., Holm, S., Aldershvile, J., Eliasen, K., Kelbaek, H.
(2005). Effects of High Thoracic Epidural Analgesia on Myocardial Blood Flow in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. Circulation
111: 2165-2170
[Abstract][Full Text]
Klem, I., Rehwald, W. G., Heitner, J. F., Wagner, A., Albert, T., Parker, M. A., Chen, E.-L., Kim, R. J., Judd, R. M.
(2005). Noninvasive Assessment of Blood Flow Based on Magnetic Resonance Global Coherent Free Precession. Circulation
111: 1033-1039
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jagathesan, R., Kaufmann, P. A., Rosen, S. D., Rimoldi, O. E., Turkeimer, F., Foale, R., Camici, P. G.
(2005). Assessment of the Long-Term Reproducibility of Baseline and Dobutamine-Induced Myocardial Blood Flow in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease. JNM
46: 212-219
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kaufmann, P. A., Camici, P. G.
(2005). Myocardial Blood Flow Measurement by PET: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications. JNM
46: 75-88
[Full Text]
Lindner, O., Vogt, J., Kammeier, A., Wielepp, P., Holzinger, J., Baller, D., Lamp, B., Hansky, B., Korfer, R., Horstkotte, D., Burchert, W.
(2005). Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on global and regional oxygen consumption and myocardial blood flow in patients with non-ischaemic and ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J
26: 70-76
[Abstract][Full Text]
Koepfli, P., Wyss, C. A., Namdar, M., Klainguti, M., von Schulthess, G. K., Luscher, T. F., Kaufmann, P. A.
(2004). {beta}-Adrenergic Blockade and Myocardial Perfusion in Coronary Artery Disease: Differential Effects in Stenotic Versus Remote Myocardial Segments. JNM
45: 1626-1631
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kaufmann, P. A., Rimoldi, O., Gnecchi-Ruscone, T., Bonser, R. S., Luscher, T. F., Camici, P. G.
(2004). Systemic Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Unmasks Neural Constraint of Maximal Myocardial Blood Flow in Humans. Circulation
110: 1431-1436
[Abstract][Full Text]
Giang, T.H., Nanz, D., Coulden, R., Friedrich, M., Graves, M., Al-Saadi, N., Luscher, T.F., von Schulthess, G.K., Schwitter, J.
(2004). Detection of coronary artery disease by magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging with various contrast medium doses: first european multi-centre experience. Eur Heart J
25: 1657-1665
[Abstract][Full Text]
Koch, K C, Schaefer, W M, Ersahin, K, Nowak, B, Krueger, S, Buell, U, Hanrath, P, Hoffmann, R
(2004). Haemodynamic significance of stent lesions compared to native coronary lesions: a myocardial perfusion imaging study. Heart
90: 691-692
[Full Text]
Crossman, D. C
(2004). The pathophysiology of myocardial ischaemia. Heart
90: 576-580
[Full Text]
Slomka, P. J., Nishina, H., Berman, D. S., Kang, X., Friedman, J. D., Hayes, S. W., Aladl, U. E., Germano, G.
(2004). Automatic Quantification of Myocardial Perfusion Stress-Rest Change: A New Measure of Ischemia. JNM
45: 183-191
[Abstract][Full Text]
Camici, P G
(2004). Hibernation and heart failure. Heart
90: 141-143
[Full Text]
Johansson, B.-L., Sundell, J., Ekberg, K., Jonsson, C., Seppanen, M., Raitakari, O., Luotolahti, M., Nuutila, P., Wahren, J., Knuuti, J.
(2004). C-peptide improves adenosine-induced myocardial vasodilation in type 1 diabetes patients. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
286: E14-E19
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ishida, N., Sakuma, H., Motoyasu, M., Okinaka, T., Isaka, N., Nakano, T., Takeda, K.
(2003). Noninfarcted Myocardium: Correlation between Dynamic First-Pass Contrast-enhanced Myocardial MR Imaging and Quantitative Coronary Angiography. Radiology
229: 209-216
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wyss, C. A., Koepfli, P., Fretz, G., Seebauer, M., Schirlo, C., Kaufmann, P. A.
(2003). Influence of Altitude Exposure on Coronary Flow Reserve. Circulation
108: 1202-1207
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mourad, J.-J., Hanon, O., Deverre, J.-R., Camici, P. G, Sellier, P., Duboc, D., Safar, M. E
(2003). Improvement of impaired coronary vasodilator reserve in hypertensive patients by low-dose ACE inhibitor/diuretic therapy: a pilot PET study. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
4: 94-95
Schindler, T H, Nitzsche, E, Magosaki, N, Brink, I, Mix, M, Olschewski, M, Solzbach, U, Just, H
(2003). Regional myocardial perfusion defects during exercise, as assessed by three dimensional integration of morphology and function, in relation to abnormal endothelium dependent vasoreactivity of the coronary microcirculation. Heart
89: 517-526
[Abstract][Full Text]
Camici, P. G, Rimoldi, O. E
(2003). Myocardial blood flow in patients with hibernating myocardium. Cardiovasc Res
57: 302-311
[Abstract][Full Text]
Siebes, M., Chamuleau, S. A. J., Meuwissen, M., Piek, J. J., Spaan, J. A. E.
(2002). Influence of hemodynamic conditions on fractional flow reserve: parametric analysis of underlying model. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
283: H1462-H1470
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schafers, K. P., Spinks, T. J., Camici, P. G., Bloomfield, P. M., Rhodes, C. G., Law, M. P., Baker, C. S.R., Rimoldi, O.
(2002). Absolute Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow with H215O and 3-Dimensional PET: An Experimental Validation. JNM
43: 1031-1040
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sundell, J., Nuutila, P., Laine, H., Luotolahti, M., Kalliokoski, K., Raitakari, O., Knuuti, J.
(2002). Dose-Dependent Vasodilating Effects of Insulin on Adenosine-Stimulated Myocardial Blood Flow. Diabetes
51: 1125-1130
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chamuleau, S. A. J., Tio, R. A., de Cock, C. C., de Muinck, E. D., Pijls, N. H. J., van Eck-Smit, B. L. F., Koch, K. T., Meuwissen, M., Dijkgraaf, M. G. W., de Jong, A., Verberne, H. J., van Liebergen, R. A. M., Laarman, G. J., Tijssen, J. G. P., Piek, J. J., Intermediate Lesions: Intracoronary Flow Assessmen,
(2002). Prognostic value of coronary blood flow velocity and myocardial perfusion in intermediate coronary narrowings and multivessel disease. J Am Coll Cardiol
39: 852-858
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ibrahim, T., Nekolla, S. G., Schreiber, K., Odaka, K., Volz, S., Mehilli, J., Guthlin, M., Delius, W., Schwaiger, M.
(2002). Assessment of coronary flow reserve: comparison between contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol
39: 864-870
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jenni, R., Wyss, C. A., Oechslin, E. N., Kaufmann, P. A.
(2002). Isolated ventricular noncompaction is associated with coronary microcirculatory dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol
39: 450-454
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rajappan, K., Rimoldi, O. E., Dutka, D. P., Ariff, B., Pennell, D. J., Sheridan, D. J., Camici, P. G.
(2002). Mechanisms of Coronary Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Patients With Aortic Stenosis and Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries. Circulation
105: 470-476
[Abstract][Full Text]
Piscione, F, Perrone-Filardi, P, De Luca, G, Prastaro, M, Indolfi, C, Golino, P, Dellegrottaglie, S, Chiariello, M
(2001). Low dose dobutamine echocardiography for predicting functional recovery after coronary revascularisation. Heart
86: 679-686
[Abstract][Full Text]
De Bruyne, B., Hersbach, F., Pijls, N. H.J., Bartunek, J., Bech, J.-W., Heyndrickx, G. R., Gould, K. L., Wijns, W.
(2001). Abnormal Epicardial Coronary Resistance in Patients With Diffuse Atherosclerosis but "Normal" Coronary Angiography. Circulation
104: 2401-2406
[Abstract][Full Text]
Buus, N. H., Bottcher, M., Hermansen, F., Sander, M., Nielsen, T. T., Mulvany, M. J.
(2001). Influence of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Adrenergic Inhibition on Adenosine-Induced Myocardial Hyperemia. Circulation
104: 2305-2310
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chirillo, F, Bruni, A, Balestra, G, Cavallini, C, Olivari, Z, Thomas, J D, Stritoni, P
(2001). Assessment of internal mammary artery and saphenous vein graft patency and flow reserve using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Heart
86: 424-431
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pizzuto, F., Voci, P., Mariano, E., Emilio Puddu, P., Sardella, G., Nigri, A.
(2001). Assessment of flow velocity reserve by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and venous adenosine infusion before and after left anterior descending coronary artery stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol
38: 155-162
[Abstract][Full Text]
Singh, T. P., Humes, R. A., Muzik, O., Kottamasu, S., Karpawich, P. P., Di Carli, M. F.
(2001). Myocardial flow reserve in patients with a systemic right ventricle after atrial switch repair. J Am Coll Cardiol
37: 2120-2125
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sambuceti, G., Marzilli, M., Fedele, S., Marini, C., L'Abbate, A.
(2001). Paradoxical Increase in Microvascular Resistance During Tachycardia Downstream From a Severe Stenosis in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease : Reversal by Angioplasty. Circulation
103: 2352-2360
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schwitter, J., Nanz, D., Kneifel, S., Bertschinger, K., Buchi, M., Knusel, P. R., Marincek, B., Luscher, T. F., von Schulthess, G. K.
(2001). Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion in Coronary Artery Disease by Magnetic Resonance : A Comparison With Positron Emission Tomography and Coronary Angiography. Circulation
103: 2230-2235
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chareonthaitawee, P., Kaufmann, P. A, Rimoldi, O., Camici, P. G
(2001). Heterogeneity of resting and hyperemic myocardial blood flow in healthy humans. Cardiovasc Res
50: 151-161
[Abstract][Full Text]
Camici, P. G., Dutka, D. P.
(2001). Repetitive stunning, hibernation, and heart failure: contribution of PET to establishing a link. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
280: H929-H936
[Full Text]
Pagano, D, Fath-Ordoubadi, F, Beatt, K J, Townend, J N, Bonser, R S, Camici, P G
(2001). Effects of coronary revascularisation on myocardial blood flow and coronary vasodilator reserve in hibernating myocardium. Heart
85: 208-212
[Abstract][Full Text]
Meuwissen, M., Chamuleau, S. A. J., Siebes, M., Schotborgh, C. E., Koch, K. T., de Winter, R. J., Bax, M., de Jong, A., Spaan, J. A. E., Piek, J. J.
(2001). Role of Variability in Microvascular Resistance on Fractional Flow Reserve and Coronary Blood Flow Velocity Reserve in Intermediate Coronary Lesions. Circulation
103: 184-187
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sambuceti, G., L'Abbate, A., Marzilli, M.
(2000). Why should we study the coronary microcirculation?. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
279: H2581-H2584
[Full Text]
Spyrou, N., Khan, M. A., Rosen, S. D., Foale, R., Davies, D. W., Sogliani, F., Stanbridge, R. D. L., Camici, P. G.
(2000). Persistent but reversible coronary microvascular dysfunction after bypass grafting. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
279: H2634-H2640
[Abstract][Full Text]
Amann, K., Ritz, E.
(2000). Microvascular disease--the Cinderella of uraemic heart disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant
15: 1493-1503
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kaufmann, P. A., Gnecchi-Ruscone, T., di Terlizzi, M., Schafers, K. P., Luscher, T. F., Camici, P. G.
(2000). Coronary Heart Disease in Smokers : Vitamin C Restores Coronary Microcirculatory Function. Circulation
102: 1233-1238
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shimizu, T., Hirayama, T., Suesada, H., Ikeda, K., Ito, S., Ishimaru, S.
(2000). Effect of flow competition on internal thoracic artery graft: Postoperative velocimetric and angiographic study. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
120: 459-465
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gnecchi-Ruscone, T., Bernard, X., Pierre, P., Anderson, D., Legg, N., Enahoro, H., Winter, P. D. O., Crisp, A., Melin, J. A., Camici, P. G.
(2000). Effect of naratriptan on myocardial blood flow and coronary vasodilator reserve in migraineurs. Neurology
55: 95-99
[Abstract][Full Text]
Anderson, H. V., Stokes, M. J., Leon, M., Abu-Halawa, S. A., Stuart, Y., Kirkeeide, R. L.
(2000). Coronary Artery Flow Velocity Is Related To Lumen Area and Regional Left Ventricular Mass. Circulation
102: 48-54
[Abstract][Full Text]
Heinle, S. K., Noblin, J., Goree-Best, P., Mello, A., Ravad, G., Mull, S., Mammen, P., Grayburn, P. A.
(2000). Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion by Harmonic Power Doppler Imaging at Rest and During Adenosine Stress : Comparison With 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT Imaging. Circulation
102: 55-60
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kaufmann, P. A., Gnecchi-Ruscone, T., Schafers, K. P., Luscher, T. F., Camici, P. G.
(2000). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary microvascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol
36: 103-109
[Abstract][Full Text]
Laine, H., Nuutila, P., Luotolahti, M., Meyer, C., Elomaa, T., Koskinen, P., Rönnemaa, T., Knuuti, J.
(2000). Insulin-Induced Increment of Coronary Flow Reserve Is Not Abolished by Dexamethasone in Healthy Young Men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
85: 1868-1873
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pagano, D, Townend, J N, Parums, D V, Bonser, R S, Camici, P G
(2000). Hibernating myocardium: morphological correlates of inotropic stimulation and glucose uptake. Heart
83: 456-461
[Abstract][Full Text]
Camici, P. G
(2000). IMAGING TECHNIQUES: Positron emission tomography and myocardial imaging. Heart
83: 475-480
[Full Text]
Al-Saadi, N., Nagel, E., Gross, M., Bornstedt, A., Schnackenburg, B., Klein, C., Klimek, W., Oswald, H., Fleck, E.
(2000). Noninvasive Detection of Myocardial Ischemia From Perfusion Reserve Based on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Circulation
101: 1379-1383
[Abstract][Full Text]
Piek, J.J, Boersma, E, di Mario, C, Schroeder, E, Vrints, C, Probst, P, de Bruyne, B, Hanet, C, Fleck, E, Haude, M, Verna, E, Voudris, V, Geschwind, H, Emanuelsson, H, Muhlberger, V, Peels, H.O, Serruys, P.W
(2000). Angiographical and Doppler flow-derived parameters for assessment of coronary lesion severity and its relation to the result of exercise electrocardiography. Eur Heart J
21: 466-474
[Abstract]
D’Arcangelo, D., Facchiano, F., Barlucchi, L. M., Melillo, G., Illi, B., Testolin, L., Gaetano, C., Capogrossi, M. C.
(2000). Acidosis Inhibits Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Function and Induces Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression. Circ. Res.
86: 312-318
[Abstract][Full Text]
Marzilli, M., Sambuceti, G., Fedele, S., L'Abbate, A.
(2000). Coronary microcirculatory vasoconstriction during ischemia in patients with unstable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol
35: 327-334
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rimoldi, O., Burns, S. M., Rosen, S. D., Wistow, T. E., Schofield, P. M., Taylor, G., Camici, P. G.
(1999). Measurement of Myocardial Blood Flow With Positron Emission Tomography Before and After Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization. Circulation
100: II-134-138
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schneider, C. A., Voth, E., Moka, D., Baer, F. M., Melin, J., Bol, A., Wagner, R., Schicha, H., Erdmann, E., Sechtem, U.
(1999). Improvement of myocardial blood flow to ischemic regions by angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibition with quinaprilat IV: A study using [15O] water dobutamine stress positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol
34: 1005-1011
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kosa, I., Blasini, R., Schneider-Eicke, J., Dickfeld, T., Neumann, F. J., Ziegler, S., Matsunari, I., Neverve, J., Schomig, A., Schwaiger, M.
(1999). Early recovery of coronary flow reserve after stent implantation as assessed by positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol
34: 1036-1041
[Abstract][Full Text]
Anderson, T. J.
(1999). Assessment and treatment of endothelial dysfunction in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol
34: 631-638
[Full Text]
Fath-Ordoubadi, F, Beatt, K J, Spyrou, N, Camici, P G
(1999). Efficacy of coronary angioplasty for the treatment of hibernating myocardium. Heart
82: 210-216
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pitkanen, O.-P., Nuutila, P., Raitakari, O. T., Porkka, K., Iida, H., Nuotio, I., Ronnemaa, T., Viikari, J., Taskinen, M.-R., Ehnholm, C., Knuuti, J.
(1999). Coronary Flow Reserve in Young Men With Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia. Circulation
99: 1678-1684
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cullen, J. H. S., Horsfield, M. A., Reek, C. R., Cherryman, G. R., Barnett, D. B., Samani, N. J.
(1999). A myocardial perfusion reserve index in humans using first-pass contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol
33: 1386-1394
[Abstract][Full Text]
Guethlin, M., Kasel, A. M., Coppenrath, K., Ziegler, S., Delius, W., Schwaiger, M.
(1999). Delayed Response of Myocardial Flow Reserve to Lipid-Lowering Therapy With Fluvastatin. Circulation
99: 475-481
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hozumi, T., Yoshida, K., Akasaka, T., Asami, Y., Ogata, Y., Takagi, T., Kaji, S., Kawamoto, T., Ueda, Y., Morioka, S.
(1998). Noninvasive assessment of coronary flow velocity and coronary flow velocity reserve in the left anterior descending coronary artery by Doppler echocardiography: Comparison with invasive technique. J Am Coll Cardiol
32: 1251-1259
[Abstract][Full Text]
Huggins, G. S., Pasternak, R. C., Alpert, N. M., Fischman, A. J., Gewirtz, H.
(1998). Effects of Short-Term Treatment of Hyperlipidemia on Coronary Vasodilator Function and Myocardial Perfusion in Regions Having Substantial Impairment of Baseline Dilator Reverse. Circulation
98: 1291-1296
[Abstract][Full Text]
Redwood, S R, Ferrari, R, Marber, M S
(1998). Myocardial hibernation and stunning: from physiological principles to clinical practice. Heart
80: 218-222
[Full Text]
Previous
