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Previous Volume 331:847-853 September 29, 1994 Number 13 Next

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Thyroid hormone exerts a broad range of effects on development, growth, and metabolism. The clinical manifestations of thyroid hormone excess and deficiency are dramatic examples of the myriad actions of the hormone. Thyroxine (T₄), the primary secretory product of the thyroid, is relatively inactive and is converted to the active hormone, triiodothyronine (T₃), by the enzyme thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (Figure 1)¹. The actions of thyroid hormone are primarily the result of the interaction of T₃ with nuclear receptors for T₃ that bind to regulatory regions of genes (thyroid hormone-response elements) and modify their expression^3,4. These . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Thyroid Hormone Receptors

Types and Structures of Thyroid Hormone Receptors

Distribution of Receptor Subtypes

Regulation of Receptor Expression by Thyroid Hormone

Thyroid Hormone Action in Specific Tissues

T₃ Regulation of Genes Specific for Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle

Regulation of Genes Expressed in Liver and Adipocytes

Regulation of Pituitary Hormone Secretion by T₃ and Clinical Implications for T₄ Therapy

            Growth Hormone

            Thyrotropin

Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

Summary

Source Information

From the Thyroid Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Brent at the Thyroid Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115.

References

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