Conception is followed by a series of hormonal and metabolicchanges that involve most maternal endocrine systems. With regardto thyroid metabolism, these include an increase in serum thyroxine-bindingglobulin and thyroid hormone concentrations, increased renalclearance of iodine, and increased production and turnover ofthyroxine (T)1. Fetal and maternal thyroid physiology differ,but the systems interact by means of the placenta and amnioticfluid, which modulate the transfer of iodine and small but importantamounts of thyroid hormone from mother to fetus1,2. In thisarticle we shall review recent data and new insights regardingthe changes in . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women
The Placenta
Metabolism of Iodothyronines
The Placenta as a Barrier to Maternal-Fetal Flux of Thyroid Hormones
Thyroid Hormones in the Fetus
Development of Fetal Thyroid Function
Metabolism of Iodothyronines
The Importance of Iodothyronines in Amniotic Fluid
Effects of Thyroid Hormone on the Fetus and Neonate
Conclusions
Source Information
From the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (G.N.B.); Corning Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, Calif. (D.A.F.); and the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (P.R.L.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Fisher at Corning Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Hwy., San Juan Capistrano, CA 92690.
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