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The variety of ways in which seizures are expressed has made their diagnosis difficult, particularly because the patient cannot describe either the nature or the duration of events. Reliance on electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns can lead to both false positive and false negative diagnoses. Normal variants might be called abnormalities, whereas rare but clearly defined spikes can be missed by an inexperienced reader. The brevity of standard EEG recordings results in a sampling bias that increases false negative results. Recording of the electroencephalogram from the surface of the scalp is insensitive to many deep discharges, particularly from the frontal lobes, which
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