The Effect of the Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor Zofenopril on Mortality and Morbidity after Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Ettore Ambrosioni, M.D., Claudio Borghi, M.D., Bruno Magnani, M.D., for The Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-Term Evaluation (SMILE) Study Investigators
Background Left ventricular dilatation and neuroendocrine activationare common after acute anterior myocardial infarction. Long-termtreatment with an angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE)inhibitor may improve outcome by attenuating these processes.We investigated whether the ACE inhibitor zofenopril, administeredfor six weeks after anterior myocardial infarction, could improveboth short-term and long-term outcome.
Methods A total of 1556 patients were enrolled within 24 hoursafter the onset of symptoms of acute anterior myocardial infarction,and they were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion toreceive either placebo (784 patients) or zofenopril (772 patients)for six weeks. At this time we assessed the incidence of deathor severe congestive heart failure. The patients were reexaminedafter one year to assess survival.
Results The incidence of death or severe congestive heart failureat six weeks was significantly reduced in the zofenopril group(55 patients, 7.1 percent), as compared with the placebo group(83 patients, 10.6 percent); the cumulative reduction in therisk of death or severe congestive heart failure was 34 percent(95 percent confidence interval, 8 to 54 percent; P = 0.018).The reduction in risk was 46 percent (95 percent confidenceinterval, 11 to 71 percent; P = 0.018) for severe congestiveheart failure and 25 percent (95 percent confidence interval,-11 to 60 percent; P = 0.19) for death. After one year of observation,the mortality rate was significantly lower in the zofenoprilgroup (10.0 percent) than in the placebo group (14.1 percent);the reduction in risk was 29 percent (95 percent confidenceinterval, 6 to 51 percent; P = 0.011).
Conclusions Treatment with zofenopril significantly improvedboth short-term and long-term outcome when this drug was startedwithin 24 hours after the onset of acute anterior myocardialinfarction and continued for six weeks.
Source Information
From the Departments of Internal Medicine (E.A., C.B.) and Cardiology (B.M.), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Borghi at Clinica Medica 3rd, Policlinico S. Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Zofenopril after Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Mörike K., Mikus G., Gurbel P. A., O'Connor C. M., Chaudhry G. M., Haneef N., Borghi C., Ambrosioni E., Magnani B., The SMILE Study Investigators
Extract |
Full Text
N Engl J Med 1995;
332:1715-1716, Jun 22, 1995.
Correspondence
This article has been cited by other articles:
Prisant, L. M., Thomas, K. L., Lewis, E. F., Huang, Z., Francis, G. S., Weaver, W. D., Pfeffer, M. A., McMurray, J. J.V., Califf, R. M., Velazquez, E. J.
(2008). Racial Analysis of Patients With Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Heart Failure and/or Left Ventricular Dysfunction Treated With Valsartan, Captopril, or Both. J Am Coll Cardiol
51: 1865-1871
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schocken, D. D., Benjamin, E. J., Fonarow, G. C., Krumholz, H. M., Levy, D., Mensah, G. A., Narula, J., Shor, E. S., Young, J. B., Hong, Y.
(2008). Prevention of Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Councils on Epidemiology and Prevention, Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Nursing, and High Blood Pressure Research; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group; and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation
117: 2544-2565
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kasi, V. S., Xiao, H. D., Shang, L. L., Iravanian, S., Langberg, J., Witham, E. A., Jiao, Z., Gallego, C. J., Bernstein, K. E., Dudley, S. C. Jr.
(2007). Cardiac-restricted angiotensin-converting enzyme overexpression causes conduction defects and connexin dysregulation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
293: H182-H192
[Abstract][Full Text]
Alexander, K. P., Newby, L. K., Armstrong, P. W., Cannon, C. P., Gibler, W. B., Rich, M. W., Van de Werf, F., White, H. D., Weaver, W. D., Naylor, M. D., Gore, J. M., Krumholz, H. M., Ohman, E. M.
(2007). Acute Coronary Care in the Elderly, Part II: ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: In Collaboration With the Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Circulation
115: 2570-2589
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dzau, V. J., Antman, E. M., Black, H. R., Hayes, D. L., Manson, J. E., Plutzky, J., Popma, J. J., Stevenson, W.
(2006). The Cardiovascular Disease Continuum Validated: Clinical Evidence of Improved Patient Outcomes: Part II: Clinical Trial Evidence (Acute Coronary Syndromes Through Renal Disease) and Future Directions. Circulation
114: 2871-2891
[Full Text]
Edwards, N.C., Steeds, R.P., Ferro, C.J., Townend, J.N.
(2006). The treatment of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. QJM
99: 723-736
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pfeffer, M. A., Frohlich, E. D.
(2006). Improvements in clinical outcomes with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: cross-fertilization between clinical and basic investigation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
291: H2021-H2025
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gheorghiade, M., Sopko, G., De Luca, L., Velazquez, E. J., Parker, J. D., Binkley, P. F., Sadowski, Z., Golba, K. S., Prior, D. L., Rouleau, J. L., Bonow, R. O.
(2006). Navigating the Crossroads of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure. Circulation
114: 1202-1213
[Full Text]
Tsuyuki, R. T., McDonald, M. A.
(2006). Response to Tsuyuki and McDonald. Circulation
114: 855-860
[Full Text]
Al-Mallah, M. H., Tleyjeh, I. M., Abdel-Latif, A. A., Weaver, W. D.
(2006). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Coronary Artery Disease and Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol
47: 1576-1583
[Abstract][Full Text]
Krumholz, H. M., Anderson, J. L., Brooks, N. H., Fesmire, F. M., Lambrew, C. T., Landrum, M. B., Weaver, W. D., Whyte, J., Bonow, R. O., Bennett, S. J., Burke, G., Eagle, K. A., Krumholz, H. M., Lambrew, C. T., Linderbaum, J., Masoudi, F. A., Normand, S.-L. T., PiNa, I. L., Radford, M. J., Rumsfeld, J. S., Ritchie, J. L., Spertus, J. A.
(2006). ACC/AHA Clinical Performance Measures for Adults With ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures (Writing Committee to Develop Performance Measures on ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol
47: 236-265
[Full Text]
Berl, T., Henrich, W.
(2006). Kidney-Heart Interactions: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment. CJASN
1: 8-18
[Full Text]
(2005). Part 8: Stabilization of the Patient With Acute Coronary Syndromes. Circulation
112: IV-89-IV-110
[Full Text]
McDonald, M. A, Simpson, S. H, Ezekowitz, J. A, Gyenes, G., Tsuyuki, R. T
(2005). Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of myocardial infarction: systematic review. BMJ
331: 873-
[Abstract][Full Text]
HOPE/HOPE-TOO Study Investigators,
(2005). Long-Term Effects of Ramipril on Cardiovascular Events and on Diabetes: Results of the HOPE Study Extension. Circulation
112: 1339-1346
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zuliani, G., Cherubini, A., Volpato, S., Atti, A. R., Ble, A., Vavalle, C., Di Todaro, F., Benedetti, C., Ruggiero, C., Senin, U., Fellin, R.
(2005). Treatment With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Is Associated With a Reduction in Short-Term Mortality in Older Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.
60: 463-465
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pourdjabbar, A., Parker, T. G., Nguyen, Q. T., Desjardins, J.-F., Lapointe, N., Tsoporis, J. N., Rouleau, J.-L.
(2005). Effects of pre-, peri-, and postmyocardial infarction treatment with losartan in rats: effect of dose on survival, ventricular arrhythmias, function, and remodeling. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
288: H1997-H2005
[Abstract][Full Text]
Endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care, , Authors/Task Force Members, , Nieminen, M. S., Bohm, M., Cowie, M. R., Drexler, H., Filippatos, G. S., Jondeau, G., Hasin, Y., Lopez-Sendon, J., Mebazaa, A., Metra, M., Rhodes, A., Swedberg, K., ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines, , Priori, S. G., Garcia, M. A. A., Blanc, J.-J., Budaj, A., Cowie, M. R, Dean, V., Deckers, J., Burgos, E. F., Lekakis, J., Lindahl, B., Mazzotta, G., Morais, J., Oto, A., Smiseth, O. A., Document Reviewers, , Garcia, M. A. A., Dickstein, K., Albuquerque, A., Conthe, P., Crespo-Leiro, M., Ferrari, R., Follath, F., Gavazzi, A., Janssens, U., Komajda, M., Morais, J., Moreno, R., Singer, M., Singh, S., Tendera, M., Thygesen, K.
(2005). Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: The Task Force on Acute Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J
26: 384-416
[Full Text]
Buch, P., Rasmussen, S., Abildstrom, S. Z., Kober, L., Carlsen, J., Torp-Pedersen, C., on behalf of the TRACE investigators,
(2005). The long-term impact of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril on mortality and hospital admissions in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction: follow-up to 12 years. Eur Heart J
26: 145-152
[Abstract][Full Text]
de Kam, P. J, Voors, A. A, Fici, F., van Veldhuisen, D. J, van Gilst, W. H
(2004). Review: The revised role of ACE-inhibition after myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic/primary PCI era. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
5: 161-168
[Abstract]
The PEACE Trial Investigators,
(2004). Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition in Stable Coronary Artery Disease. NEJM
351: 2058-2068
[Abstract][Full Text]
Aronow, W. S.
(2004). Management of the Elderly Person After Myocardial Infarction. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.
59: 1173-1185
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kashani, A., Giugliano, R. P., Antman, E. M., Morrow, D. A., Gibson, C. M., Murphy, S. A., Braunwald, E.
(2004). Severity of heart failure, treatments, and outcomes after fibrinolysis in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J
25: 1702-1710
[Abstract][Full Text]
Teo, K. K., Mitchell, L. B., Pogue, J., Bosch, J., Dagenais, G., Yusuf, S., on behalf of the HOPE Investigators,
(2004). Effect of Ramipril in Reducing Sudden Deaths and Nonfatal Cardiac Arrests in High-Risk Individuals Without Heart Failure or Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Circulation
110: 1413-1417
[Abstract][Full Text]
Task Force Members, , Lopez-Sendon, J., Swedberg, K., McMurray, J., Tamargo, J., Maggioni, A. P., Dargie, H., Tendera, M., Waagstein, F., Kjekshus, J., Lechat, P., Pedersen, C. T.
(2004). Expert consensus document on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiovascular disease: The Task Force on ACE-inhibitors of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J
25: 1454-1470
[Full Text]
Gluckman, T. J., Baranowski, B., Ashen, M. D., Henrikson, C. A., McAllister, M., Braunstein, J. B., Blumenthal, R. S.
(2004). A Practical and Evidence-Based Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction. Arch Intern Med
164: 1490-1500
[Abstract][Full Text]
Charbonnel, B., Dormandy, J., Erdmann, E., Massi-Benedetti, M., Skene, A.
(2004). The Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events (PROactive): Can pioglitazone reduce cardiovascular events in diabetes? Study design and baseline characteristics of 5,238 patients. Diabetes Care
27: 1647-1653
[Abstract][Full Text]
Laverman, G. D., Remuzzi, G., Ruggenenti, P.
(2004). ACE Inhibition versus Angiotensin Receptor Blockade: Which Is Better for Renal and Cardiovascular Protection?. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
15: S64-70
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dornbrook-Lavender, K. A, Roth, M. T, Pieper, J. A
(2003). Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in the Elderly. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
37: 1867-1876
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pfeffer, M. A., McMurray, J. J.V., Velazquez, E. J., Rouleau, J.-L., Kober, L., Maggioni, A. P., Solomon, S. D., Swedberg, K., Van de Werf, F., White, H., Leimberger, J. D., Henis, M., Edwards, S., Zelenkofske, S., Sellers, M. A., Califf, R. M., the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial,
(2003). Valsartan, Captopril, or Both in Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Heart Failure, Left Ventricular Dysfunction, or Both. NEJM
349: 1893-1906
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bertrand, M.E., Bassand, J.-P.
(2003). New evidence for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in stroke, cardiac and renal patients: the cardiological approach. Eur Heart J Suppl
5: E1-E3
Borghi, C., Bacchelli, S., Esposti, D. D., Ambrosioni, E.
(2003). Effects of the Early ACE Inhibition in Diabetic Nonthrombolyzed Patients With Anterior Acute Myocardial Infarction. Diabetes Care
26: 1862-1868
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sugie, T., Kagaya, Y., Takeda, M., Yahagi, H., Takahashi, C., Takahashi, J., Ninomiya, M., Watanabe, J., Ichinohasama, R., Tezuka, F., Shirato, K.
(2003). Should increasing the dose or adding an AT1 receptor blocker follow a relatively low dose of ACE inhibitor initiated in acute myocardial infarction?. Cardiovasc Res
58: 611-620
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shekelle, P. G., Rich, M. W., Morton, S. C., Atkinson, Col. S. W., Tu, W., Maglione, M., Rhodes, S., Barrett, M., Fonarow, G. C., Greenberg, B., Heidenreich, P. A., Knabel, T., Konstam, M. A., Steimle, A., Warner Stevenson, L.
(2003). Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to race, gender, and diabetic status: A meta-analysis of major clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol
41: 1529-1538
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hamon, M, Fradin, S, Denizet, A, Filippi-Codaccioni, E, Grollier, G, Morello, R
(2003). Prospective evaluation of the effect of an angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism on the long term risk of major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart
89: 321-325
[Abstract][Full Text]
The Task Force on the Management of Acute Myocardi, , Van de Werf, F., Ardissino, D., Betriu, A., Cokkinos, D. V., Falk, E., Fox, K. A.A., Julian, D., Lengyel, M., Neumann, F.-J., Ruzyllo, W., Thygesen, C., Underwood, S. R., Vahanian, A., Verheugt, F. W.A., Wijns, W.
(2003). Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J
24: 28-66
[Full Text]
Korn, P., Kroner, A., Schirnhofer, J., Hallstrom, S., Bernecker, O., Mallinger, R., Franz, M., Gasser, H., Wolner, E., Podesser, B. K.
(2002). Quinaprilat during cardioplegic arrest in the rabbit to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
124: 352-360
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chiong, J. R, Miller, A. B
(2002). Review: Renin-angiotensin system antagonism and lipid-lowering therapy in cardiovascular risk management. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
3: 96-102
[Abstract]
Ignjatovic, T., Tan, F., Brovkovych, V., Skidgel, R. A., Erdos, E. G.
(2002). Novel Mode of Action of Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. DIRECT ACTIVATION OF BRADYKININ B1 RECEPTOR. J. Biol. Chem.
277: 16847-16852
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cowling, R. T., Gurantz, D., Peng, J., Dillmann, W. H., Greenberg, B. H.
(2002). Transcription Factor NF-kappa B Is Necessary for Up-regulation of Type 1 Angiotensin II Receptor mRNA in Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts Treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha or Interleukin-1beta. J. Biol. Chem.
277: 5719-5724
[Abstract][Full Text]
Priori, S.G., Aliot, E., Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C., Bossaert, L., Breithardt, G., Brugada, P., Camm, A.J., Cappato, R., Cobbe, S.M., Di Mario, C., Maron, B.J., McKenna, W.J., Pedersen, A.K., Ravens, U., Schwartz, P.J., Trusz-Gluza, M., Vardas, P., Wellens, H.J.J., Zipes, D.P.
(2001). Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J
22: 1374-1450
Khalil, M. E., Basher, A. W., Brown, E. J. Jr, Alhaddad, I. A.
(2001). A remarkable medical story: benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiac patients. J Am Coll Cardiol
37: 1757-1764
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dzau, V. J.
(2001). Tissue Angiotensin and Pathobiology of Vascular Disease : A Unifying Hypothesis. Hypertension
37: 1047-1052
[Abstract][Full Text]
Waring, W. S.
(2000). Early initiation of ACE inhibitor treatment after acute myocardial infarction - a missed therapeutic opportunity?. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
1: 245-251
Hammoud, T., Tanguay, J.-F., Bourassa, M. G.
(2000). Management of coronary artery disease: therapeutic options in patients with diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol
36: 355-365
[Abstract][Full Text]
Marcic, B. M., Erdös, E. G.
(2000). Protein Kinase C and Phosphatase Inhibitors Block the Ability of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors to Resensitize the Receptor to Bradykinin without Altering the Primary Effects of Bradykinin. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
294: 605-612
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lip, G.Y.H., Lydakis, C., Beevers, D.G.
(2000). Management of patients with myocardial infarction and hypertension. Eur Heart J
21: 1125-1134
Latini, R., Tognoni, G., Maggioni, A. P., Baigent, C., Braunwald, E., Chen, Z.-M., Collins, R., Flather, M., Franzosi, M., Kjekshus, J., Kober, L., Liu, L.-S., Peto, R., Pfeffer, M., Pizzetti, F., Santoro, E., Sleight, P., Swedberg, K., Tavazzi, L., Wang, W., Yusuf, S., on behalf of the Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inh,
(2000). Clinical effects of early angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment for acute myocardial infarction are similar in the presence and absence of aspirin: Systematic overview of individual data from 96,712 randomized patients. J Am Coll Cardiol
35: 1801-1807
[Abstract][Full Text]
Faggiotto, A., Paoletti, R.
(1999). Statins and Blockers of the Renin-Angiotensin System : Vascular Protection Beyond Their Primary Mode of Action. Hypertension
34: 987-996
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gurantz, D., Cowling, R. T., Villarreal, F. J., Greenberg, B. H.
(1999). Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Upregulates Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptors on Cardiac Fibroblasts. Circ. Res.
85: 272-279
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gustafsson, I., Torp-Pedersen, C., Kober, L., Gustafsson, F., Hildebrandt, P., on behalf of the Trace Study Group,
(1999). Effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril on mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol
34: 83-89
[Abstract][Full Text]
Petrie, M. C., Dawson, N. F., Murdoch, D. R., Davie, A. P., McMurray, J. J. V.
(1999). Failure of Women's Hearts. Circulation
99: 2334-2341
[Full Text]
Virdis, A., Ghiadoni, L., Marzilli, M., Orsini, E., Favilla, S., Duranti, P., Taddei, S., Marraccini, P., Salvetti, A.
(1999). Adenosine causes the release of active renin and angiotensin II in the coronary circulation of patients with essential hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol
33: 1677-1684
[Abstract][Full Text]
Domanski, M. J., Exner, D. V., Borkowf, C. B., Geller, N. L., Rosenberg, Y., Pfeffer, M. A.
(1999). Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on sudden cardiac death in patients following acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol
33: 598-604
[Abstract][Full Text]
Thai, H. M., Van, H. T., Gaballa, M. A., Goldman, S., Raya, T. E.
(1999). Effects of AT1 receptor blockade after myocardial infarct on myocardial fibrosis, stiffness, and contractility. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
276: H873-H880
[Abstract][Full Text]
Marcic, B., Deddish, P. A., Jackman, H. L., Erdos, E. G.
(1999). Enhancement of Bradykinin and Resensitization of Its B2 Receptor. Hypertension
33: 835-843
[Abstract][Full Text]
Becker, R. C., Hochman, J. S., Cannon, C. P., Spencer, F. A., Ball, S. P., Rizzo, M. J., Antman, E. M., for the TIMI 9 Investigators,
(1999). Fatal cardiac rupture among patients treated with thrombolytic agents and adjunctive thrombin antagonists: Observations from the Thrombolysis and Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Infarction 9 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol
33: 479-487
[Abstract][Full Text]
French, J. K., Amos, D. J., Williams, B. F., Cross, D. B., Elliott, J. M., Hart, H. H., Williams, M. G., Norris, R. M., Ashton, N. G., Whitlock, R. M. L., McLaughlin, S. C., White, H. D.
(1999). Effects of early captopril administration after thrombolysis on regional wall motion in relation to infarct artery blood flow. J Am Coll Cardiol
33: 139-145
[Abstract][Full Text]
KANAZAWA, H., HIRATA, K., YOSHIKAWA, J.
(1999). Guinea Pig Airway Hyperresponsiveness Induced by Blockade of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor . Role for Endogenous Nitric Oxide. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
159: 165-168
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ramunno, L. D., Dodds, T. A., Traven, N. D.
(1998). Cooperative Cardiovascular Project (CCP) Quality Improvement in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Eval Health Prof
21: 442-460
[Abstract]
Herity, N. A, Mehta, R. H, Eagle, K. A, Harrison, R., Burr, M., Nightingale, A., Marshall, A., Hansen, J. F., Rice, R D
(1998). Secondary prevention in acute myocardial infarction. BMJ
317: 1152a-1152
[Full Text]
McAlister, F. A
(1998). Trial is needed of ACE inhibitors plus beta blockers in survivors of myocardial infarction. BMJ
317: 751a-751
[Full Text]
Barron, H. V., Michaels, A. D., Maynard, C., Every, N. R., for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction,
(1998). Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors at discharge in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the United States: data from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2. J Am Coll Cardiol
32: 360-367
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gallagher, A. M., Yu, H., Printz, M. P.
(1998). Bradykinin-Induced Reductions in Collagen Gene Expression Involve Prostacyclin. Hypertension
32: 84-88
[Abstract][Full Text]
(1998). Indications for ACE Inhibitors in the Early Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction : Systematic Overview of Individual Data From 100 000 Patients in Randomized Trials. Circulation
97: 2202-2212
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bates, D. W.
(1998). Drugs and Adverse Drug Reactions: How Worried Should We Be?. JAMA
279: 1216-1217
[Full Text]
Brown, N. J., Vaughan, D. E.
(1998). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. Circulation
97: 1411-1420
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mehta, R. H, Eagle, K. A
(1998). Fortnightly review: Secondary prevention in acute myocardial infarction. BMJ
316: 838-842
[Full Text]
White, R. L
(1998). Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction Part II: 1997 Update. Asian Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann.
6: 03-10
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gallagher, A. M., Bahnson, T. D., Yu, H., Kim, N. N., Printz, M. P.
(1998). Species variability in angiotensin receptor expression by cultured cardiac fibroblasts and the infarcted heart. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
274: H801-H809
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ren, B., Lukas, A., Shao, Q., Guo, M., Takeda, N., Aitken, R. M., Dhalla, N. S.
(1998). Electrocardiographic Changes and Mortality Due to Myocardial Infarction in Rats With or Without Imidapril Treatment. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER
3: 11-21
[Abstract]
Webb, C. M., Underwood, R., Anagnostopoulos, C., Bennett, J. G., Pepper, J., Lincoln, C., Collins, P.
(1998). The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on myocardial function and blood pressure after coronary artery bypass surgery--a randomised study. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.
13: 42-48
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sutton, M. St. J., Pfeffer, M. A., Moye, L., Plappert, T., Rouleau, J. L., Lamas, G., Rouleau, J., Parker, J. O., Arnold, M. O., Sussex, B., Braunwald, E., Investigators, f. t. S.
(1997). Cardiovascular Death and Left Ventricular Remodeling Two Years After Myocardial Infarction : Baseline Predictors and Impact of Long-term Use of Captopril: Information From the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Trial. Circulation
96: 3294-3299
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pfeffer, M. A., Greaves, S. C., Arnold, J. M. O., Glynn, R. J., LaMotte, F. S., Lee, R. T., Menapace, F. J. Jr, Rapaport, E., Ridker, P. M., Rouleau, J.-L., Solomon, S. D., Hennekens, C. H.
(1997). Early Versus Delayed Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction : The Healing and Early Afterload Reducing Therapy Trial. Circulation
95: 2643-2651
[Abstract][Full Text]
Topol, E. J., Califf, R. M., Van de Werf, F., Simoons, M., Hampton, J., Lee, K. L., White, H., Simes, J., Armstrong, P. W.
(1997). Perspectives on Large-Scale Cardiovascular Clinical Trials for the New Millennium. Circulation
95: 1072-1082
[Full Text]
Cohn, J. N.
(1996). The Management of Chronic Heart Failure. NEJM
335: 490-498
[Full Text]
Maschio, G., Alberti, D., Janin, G., Locatelli, F., Mann, J. F.E., Motolese, M., Ponticelli, C., Ritz, E., Zucchelli, P., The Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition in Pr,
(1996). Effect of the Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor Benazepril on the Progression of Chronic Renal Insufficiency. NEJM
334: 939-945
[Abstract][Full Text]
Melillo, G., Lima, J. A.C., Judd, R. M., Goldschmidt-Clermont, P. J., Silverman, H. S.
(1996). Intrinsic Myocyte Dysfunction and Tyrosine Kinase Pathway Activation Underlie the Impaired Wall Thickening of Adjacent Regions During Postinfarct Left Ventricular Remodeling. Circulation
93: 1447-1458
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hamdan, A. D., Quist, W. C., Gagne, J. B., Feener, E. P.
(1996). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Suppresses Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in the Neointima of Balloon-Injured Rat Aorta. Circulation
93: 1073-1078
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kober, L., Torp-Pedersen, C., Carlsen, J. E., Bagger, H., Eliasen, P., Lyngborg, K., Videbak, J., Cole, D. S., Auclert, L., Pauly, N. C., Aliot, E., Persson, S., Camm, A. J., The Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) study,
(1995). A Clinical Trial of the Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor Trandolapril in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction. NEJM
333: 1670-1676
[Abstract][Full Text]
Latini, R., Maggioni, A. P., Flather, M., Sleight, P., Tognoni, G.
(1995). ACE Inhibitor Use in Patients With Myocardial Infarction : Summary of Evidence From Clinical Trials. Circulation
92: 3132-3137
[Full Text]
Morike, K., Mikus, G., Gurbel, P. A., O'Connor, C. M., Chaudhry, G. M., Haneef, N., Borghi, C., Ambrosioni, E., Magnani, B., The SMILE Study Investigators,
(1995). Zofenopril after Anterior Myocardial Infarction. NEJM
332: 1715-1716
[Full Text]
Cohn, J. N.
(1995). Structural Basis for Heart Failure : Ventricular Remodeling and Its Pharmacological Inhibition. Circulation
91: 2504-2507
[Full Text]
Previous
