The frequency of otitis media is one of a number of factorscausing physicians to seek out the most cost-effective clinicalstrategies for managing the condition. It is estimated that,by the time they reach two years of age, all the children inthe United States currently under that age will have had a totalof 9.3 million episodes of acute otitis media,1 and that approximately17 percent of children have three or more episodes during asix-month period.2 Frequent episodes of otitis disrupt child-carearrangements and work schedules and generate parental anxietyand stress. The annual cost of the . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Definitions
Acute Otitis Media
Acute Otitis Media Unresponsive to Treatment
Recurrent Acute Otitis Media
Otitis Media with Residual Effusion
Otitis Media with Persistent Effusion
Conclusions
Source Information
From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Berman at Children's Hospital, 1056 E. 19th Ave., Box B032, Denver, CO 80218.
References
Related Letters:
Otitis Media in Children
van Buchem F.L., Knottnerus J.A., Peeters M.F., Mokry C., Bernstein J. A., Berman S.
Extract |
Full Text
N Engl J Med 1995;
333:1151-1152, Oct 26, 1995.
Correspondence
This article has been cited by other articles:
Bolt, P., Barnett, P., Babl, F. E, Sharwood, L. N
(2008). Topical lignocaine for pain relief in acute otitis media: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial. Arch. Dis. Child.
93: 40-44
[Abstract][Full Text]
Huang, Y., Yang, Z., Cartier, L., Cheung, B., Sawchuk, R. J.
(2007). Estimating Amoxicillin Influx/Efflux in Chinchilla Middle Ear Fluid and Simultaneous Measurement of Antibacterial Effect. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
51: 4336-4341
[Abstract][Full Text]
Juliao, P. C., Marrs, C. F., Xie, J., Gilsdorf, J. R.
(2007). Histidine Auxotrophy in Commensal and Disease-Causing Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. J. Bacteriol.
189: 4994-5001
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stone, K. C., Dagan, R., Arguedas, A., Leibovitz, E., Wang, E., Echols, R. M., Janjic, N., Critchley, I. A.
(2007). Activity of Faropenem against Middle Ear Fluid Pathogens from Children with Acute Otitis Media in Costa Rica and Israel. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
51: 2230-2235
[Abstract][Full Text]
Xie, J., Juliao, P. C., Gilsdorf, J. R., Ghosh, D., Patel, M., Marrs, C. F.
(2006). Identification of New Genetic Regions More Prevalent in Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Otitis Media Strains than in Throat Strains. J. Clin. Microbiol.
44: 4316-4325
[Abstract][Full Text]
Winter, L. E., Barenkamp, S. J.
(2006). Antibodies Specific for the High-Molecular-Weight Adhesion Proteins of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Are Opsonophagocytic for both Homologous and Heterologous Strains. CVI
13: 1333-1342
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rial, A., Lens, D., Betancor, L., Benkiel, H., Silva, J. S., Chabalgoity, J. A.
(2004). Intranasal Immunization with a Colloid-Formulated Bacterial Extract Induces an Acute Inflammatory Response in the Lungs and Elicits Specific Immune Responses. Infect. Immun.
72: 2679-2688
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dagan, R., Garau, J.
(2004). Appropriate Use of Antibiotics: Focus on Acute Otitis Media. CLIN PEDIATR
43: 313-321
Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media,
(2004). Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media. Pediatrics
113: 1451-1465
[Abstract][Full Text]
Linsk, R., Cooke, J.
(2004). Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media in Michigan. CLIN PEDIATR
43: 159-169
[Abstract]
Auinger, P., Lanphear, B. P., Kalkwarf, H. J., Mansour, M. E.
(2003). Trends in Otitis Media Among Children in the United States. Pediatrics
112: 514-520
[Abstract][Full Text]
Reefhuis, J., Honein, M. A., Whitney, C. G., Chamany, S., Mann, E. A., Biernath, K. R., Broder, K., Manning, S., Avashia, S., Victor, M., Costa, P., Devine, O., Graham, A., Boyle, C.
(2003). Risk of Bacterial Meningitis in Children with Cochlear Implants. NEJM
349: 435-445
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hou, Y., Gu, X.-X.
(2003). Development of Peptide Mimotopes of Lipooligosaccharide from Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as Vaccine Candidates. J. Immunol.
170: 4373-4379
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pichichero, M. E.
(2002). Diagnostic Accuracy, Tympanocentesis Training Performance, and Antibiotic Selection by Pediatric Residents in Management of Otitis Media. Pediatrics
110: 1064-1070
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ghadiali, S. N., Banks, J., Swarts, J. D.
(2002). Effect of surface tension and surfactant administration on Eustachian tube mechanics. J. Appl. Physiol.
93: 1007-1014
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pettigrew, M. M., Foxman, B., Marrs, C. F., Gilsdorf, J. R.
(2002). Identification of the Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis Gene lic2B as a Putative Virulence Factor in Strains of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae That Cause Otitis Media. Infect. Immun.
70: 3551-3556
[Abstract][Full Text]
Richards, M., Giannoni, C.
(2002). Quality-of-Life Outcomes After Surgical Intervention for Otitis Media. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
128: 776-782
[Abstract][Full Text]
Verduin, C. M., Hol, C., Fleer, A., van Dijk, H., van Belkum, A.
(2002). Moraxella catarrhalis: from Emerging to Established Pathogen. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.
15: 125-144
[Abstract][Full Text]
Coyte, P. C., Croxford, R., Asche, C. V., To, T., Feldman, W., Friedberg, J.
(2001). Physician and Population Determinants of Rates of Middle-Ear Surgery in Ontario. JAMA
286: 2128-2135
[Abstract][Full Text]
Giebink, G. S.
(2001). The Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease in Children. NEJM
345: 1177-1183
[Full Text]
Pichichero, M. E., Poole, M. D.
(2001). Assessing Diagnostic Accuracy and Tympanocentesis Skills in the Management of Otitis Media. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
155: 1137-1142
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shuto, T., Xu, H., Wang, B., Han, J., Kai, H., Gu, X.-X., Murphy, T. F., Lim, D. J., Li, J.-D.
(2001). Activation of NF-kappa B by nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae is mediated by toll-like receptor 2-TAK1-dependent NIK-IKKalpha /beta -Ikappa Balpha and MKK3/6-p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways in epithelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
10.1073/pnas.151236098v1
[Abstract][Full Text]
Becken, E. T., Daly, K. A., Lindgren, B. R., Meland, M. H., Giebink, G. S.
(2001). Low Cord Blood Pneumococcal Antibody Concentrations Predict More Episodes of Otitis Media. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
127: 517-522
[Abstract][Full Text]
Berman, S.
(2001). Management of Otitis Media and Functional Outcomes Related to Language, Behavior, and Attention: Is It Time to Change Our Approach?. Pediatrics
107: 1175-1176
[Full Text]
Eskola, J., Kilpi, T., Palmu, A., Jokinen, J., Haapakoski, J., Herva, E., Takala, A., Kayhty, H., Karma, P., Kohberger, R., Siber, G., Makela, P. H., The Finnish Otitis Media Study Group,
(2001). Efficacy of a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Acute Otitis Media. NEJM
344: 403-409
[Abstract][Full Text]
Johansen, E. C. J., Lildholdt, T., Damsbo, N., Eriksen, E. W.
(2000). Tympanometry for diagnosis and treatment of otitis media in general practice. Fam Pract
17: 317-322
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bondy, J., Berman, S., Glazner, J., Lezotte, D.
(2000). Direct Expenditures Related to Otitis Media Diagnoses: Extrapolations From a Pediatric Medicaid Cohort. Pediatrics
105: 72e-72
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kempe, A., Beaty, B., Englund, B. P., Roark, R. J., Hester, N., Steiner, J. F.
(2000). Quality of Care and Use of the Medical Home in a State-Funded Capitated Primary Care Plan For Low-Income Children. Pediatrics
105: 1020-1028
[Abstract][Full Text]
Damoiseaux, R. A M J, van Balen, F. A M, Hoes, A. W, Verheij, T. J M, de Melker, R. A
(2000). Primary care based randomised, double blind trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for acute otitis media in children aged under 2 years. BMJ
320: 350-354
[Abstract][Full Text]
Leibovitz, E., Dagan, R., Laver, J. H, Piglansky, L., Raiz, S., Abboud, M. R, Fliss, D. M, Leiberman, A., Barzilai, A.
(2000). Interleukin 8 in middle ear fluid during acute otitis media: correlation with aetiology and bacterial eradication. Arch. Dis. Child.
82: 165-168
[Abstract][Full Text]
Berman, S., Bondy, J., Lezotte, D., Stone, B., Byrns, P. J.
(1999). The Influence of Having an Assigned Medicaid Primary Care Physician on Utilization of Otitis Media-related Services. Pediatrics
104: 1192-1197
[Abstract][Full Text]
Heikkinen, T., Thint, M., Chonmaitree, T.
(1999). Prevalence of Various Respiratory Viruses in the Middle Ear during Acute Otitis Media. NEJM
340: 260-264
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cantekin, E. I., De la Cruz, A., Moffatt, M. E. K., Kozyrskyi, A. L., Klassen, T. P., Sitar, D. S., Pichichero, M. E.
(1998). The Changing Treatment Paradigm for Acute Otitis Media. JAMA
280: 1903-1904
[Full Text]
Pichichero, M. E.
(1998). Changing the Treatment Paradigm for Acute Otitis Media in Children. JAMA
279: 1748-1750
[Full Text]
Hahn, H. B. Jr, Riggs, M. W., Hutchinson, L. R.
(1998). Myrngitis Bullosa. CLIN PEDIATR
37: 265-267
Jacobs, M. R., Dagan, R., Appelbaum, P. C., Burch, D. J.
(1998). Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Middle Ear Fluid: Multinational Study of 917 Children with Acute Otitis Media. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
42: 589-595
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rosenstein, N., Phillips, W. R., Gerber, M. A., Marcy, S. M., Schwartz, B., Dowell, S. F.
(1998). The Common Cold---Principles of Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents. Pediatrics
101: 181-184
[Abstract][Full Text]
Majeed, A., Harris, T.
(1997). Acute otitis media in children. BMJ
315: 321-322
[Full Text]
Slawson, D. C, Shaughnessy, A. F
(1997). Obtaining useful information from expert based sources. BMJ
314: 947-947
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lanphear, B. P., Byrd, R. S., Auinger, P., Hall, C. B.
(1997). Increasing Prevalence of Recurrent Otitis Media Among Children in the United States. Pediatrics
99: e1-e1
[Abstract][Full Text]
van Buchem, F.L., Knottnerus, J.A., Peeters, M.F., Mokry, C., Bernstein, J. A., Berman, S.
(1995). Otitis Media in Children. NEJM
333: 1151-1152
[Full Text]
Shuto, T., Xu, H., Wang, B., Han, J., Kai, H., Gu, X.-X., Murphy, T. F., Lim, D. J., Li, J.-D.
(2001). Activation of NF-kappa B by nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae is mediated by toll-like receptor 2-TAK1-dependent NIK-IKKalpha /beta -Ikappa Balpha and MKK3/6-p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways in epithelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
98: 8774-8779
[Abstract][Full Text]