Background Several studies have suggested a population-widedecline in the quality of semen over the past 50 years, butclear evidence of decreasing semen quality in recent decadesis lacking.
Methods From 1973 through 1992 we measured the volume of seminalfluid, the sperm concentration, and the percentages of motileand morphologically normal spermatozoa in 1351 healthy fertilemen. The data on the semen samples were collected at one spermbank in Paris. The data in each calendar year were analyzedas a function of the year of donation, the age of each patient,the year of birth, and the duration of sexual abstinence beforesemen collection.
Results There was no change in semen volume during the studyperiod. The mean concentration of sperm decreased by 2.1 percentper year, from 89 x106 per milliliter in 1973 to 60x106 permilliliter in 1992 (P<0.001). During the same period thepercentages of motile and normal spermatozoa decreased by 0.6percent and 0.5 percent per year, respectively (both P<0.001).After adjustment in multiple regression analyses for age andthe duration of sexual abstinence, each successive calendaryear of birth accounted for 2.6 percent of the yearly declinein the sperm concentration and for 0.3 percent and 0.7 percent,respectively, of the yearly declines in the percentages of motileand normal spermatozoa (all P<0.001).
Conclusions During the past 20 years, there has been a declinein the concentration and motility of sperm and in the percentageof morphologically normal spermatozoa in fertile men that isindependent of the age of the men.
Source Information
From the Centre d'Etude et de Conservation des Oeufs et du Sperme Humains, Centre Hospitalier, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Jouannet at the CECOS Paris–Cochin, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, 123 Blvd. de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
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