Bone is remodeled continuously during adulthood through theresorption of old bone by osteoclasts and the subsequent formationof new bone by osteoblasts. These two closely coupled eventsare responsible for renewing the skeleton while maintainingits anatomical and structural integrity. Under normal conditions,bone remodeling proceeds in cycles in which osteoclasts adhereto bone and subsequently remove it by acidification and proteolyticdigestion. Shortly after the osteoclasts have left the resorptionsite, osteoblasts invade the area and begin the process of formingnew bone by secreting osteoid (a matrix of collagen and otherproteins), which is eventually mineralized. After . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Role of Bone Marrow in Bone-Cell Development
Origin of Osteoblasts
Origin of Osteoclasts
Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis
Bone Remodeling and Osteoporosis
Role of Interleukin-6 in Osteopenia Associated with Loss of Gonadal Function
Loss of Estrogens and Formation of Osteoblast Precursors in Marrow
Senescence and Osteoblast Development in Marrow
Summary
Source Information
From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and the McClellan Veterans Affairs Medical Center — both in Little Rock.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Manolagas at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Mail Slot 587, Little Rock, AR 72205.
References
This article has been cited by other articles:
Takeda, Y., He, P., Tachibana, I., Zhou, B., Miyado, K., Kaneko, H., Suzuki, M., Minami, S., Iwasaki, T., Goya, S., Kijima, T., Kumagai, T., Yoshida, M., Osaki, T., Komori, T., Mekada, E., Kawase, I.
(2008). Double Deficiency of Tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 Alters Cell Motility and Protease Production of Macrophages and Causes Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-like Phenotype in Mice. J. Biol. Chem.
283: 26089-26097
[Abstract][Full Text]
Saarto, T., Vehmanen, L., Blomqvist, C., Elomaa, I.
(2008). Ten-Year Follow-Up of 3 Years of Oral Adjuvant Clodronate Therapy Shows Significant Prevention of Osteoporosis in Early-Stage Breast Cancer. JCO
26: 4289-4295
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shuvy, M., Abedat, S., Beeri, R., Danenberg, H. D., Planer, D., Ben-Dov, I. Z., Meir, K., Sosna, J., Lotan, C.
(2008). Uraemic hyperparathyroidism causes a reversible inflammatory process of aortic valve calcification in rats. Cardiovasc Res
79: 492-499
[Abstract][Full Text]
Duplomb, L., Baud'huin, M., Charrier, C., Berreur, M., Trichet, V., Blanchard, F., Heymann, D.
(2008). Interleukin-6 Inhibits Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor {kappa}B Ligand-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Diverting Cells into the Macrophage Lineage: Key Role of Serine727 Phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3. Endocrinology
149: 3688-3697
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ding, C., Parameswaran, V., Udayan, R., Burgess, J., Jones, G.
(2008). Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers Predict Change in Bone Mineral Density and Resorption in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
93: 1952-1958
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhu, H., Jia, Z., Zhang, L., Yamamoto, M., Misra, H. P., Trush, M. A., Li, Y.
(2008). Antioxidants and Phase 2 Enzymes in Macrophages: Regulation by Nrf2 Signaling and Protection Against Oxidative and Electrophilic Stress. Exp. Biol. Med.
233: 463-474
[Abstract][Full Text]
Denger, S., Bahr-Ivacevic, T., Brand, H., Reid, G., Blake, J., Seifert, M., Lin, C.-Y., May, K., Benes, V., Liu, E. T., Gannon, F.
(2008). Transcriptome Profiling of Estrogen-Regulated Genes in Human Primary Osteoblasts Reveals an Osteoblast-Specific Regulation of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 Gene. Mol. Endocrinol.
22: 361-379
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tatsumi, S., Ito, M., Asaba, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Ikeda, K.
(2008). Life-Long Caloric Restriction Reveals Biphasic and Dimorphic Effects on Bone Metabolism in Rodents. Endocrinology
149: 634-641
[Abstract][Full Text]
Vega, D., Maalouf, N. M., Sakhaee, K.
(2007). The Role of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B (RANK)/RANK Ligand/Osteoprotegerin: Clinical Implications. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
92: 4514-4521
[Abstract][Full Text]
Berberoglu, Z., Gursoy, A., Bayraktar, N., Yazici, A. C., Bascil Tutuncu, N., Guvener Demirag, N.
(2007). Rosiglitazone Decreases Serum Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Postmenopausal Diabetic Women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
92: 3523-3530
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lilleby, V.
(2007). Review: Bone status in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus
16: 580-586
[Abstract]
Wang, X., Goh, C. H., Li, B.
(2007). p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation through Osterix. Endocrinology
148: 1629-1637
[Abstract][Full Text]
Abdallah, B. M., Boissy, P., Tan, Q., Dahlgaard, J., Traustadottir, G. A., Kupisiewicz, K., Laborda, J., Delaisse, J.-M., Kassem, M.
(2007). dlk1/FA1 Regulates the Function of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating Gene Expression of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Immune Response-related Factors. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 7339-7351
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hogstrom, M., Nordstrom, P., Nordstrom, A.
(2007). n 3 Fatty acids are positively associated with peak bone mineral density and bone accrual in healthy men: the NO2 Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
85: 803-807
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ferrari-Lacraz, S., Ferrari, S.
(2007). Is IFN-{gamma} Involved in Bone Loss or Protection? Nothing Is Simple With Cytokines. IBMS BoneKEy
4: 83-87
[Full Text]
Liu, Y., Bhat, R. A., Seestaller-Wehr, L. M., Fukayama, S., Mangine, A., Moran, R. A., Komm, B. S., Bodine, P. V. N., Billiard, J.
(2007). The Orphan Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ror2 Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation and Enhances ex Vivo Bone Formation. Mol. Endocrinol.
21: 376-387
[Abstract][Full Text]
Falconi, D., Oizumi, K., Aubin, J. E.
(2007). Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Influences the Fate Choice of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells
25: 305-312
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ayan, C, Martin, V
(2007). Systemic lupus erythematosus and exercise. Lupus
16: 5-9
[Abstract]
Galassi, A., Spiegel, D. M., Bellasi, A., Block, G. A., Raggi, P.
(2006). Accelerated vascular calcification and relative hypoparathyroidism in incident haemodialysis diabetic patients receiving calcium binders. Nephrol Dial Transplant
21: 3215-3222
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hinoi, E., Fujimori, S., Wang, L., Hojo, H., Uno, K., Yoneda, Y.
(2006). Nrf2 Negatively Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation via Interfering with Runx2-dependent Transcriptional Activation. J. Biol. Chem.
281: 18015-18024
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rasheed, N., Wang, X., Niu, Q.-T., Yeh, J., Li, B.
(2006). Atm-deficient mice: an osteoporosis model with defective osteoblast differentiation and increased osteoclastogenesis. Hum Mol Genet
15: 1938-1948
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hanavadi, S., Martin, T. A., Watkins, G., Mansel, R. E., Jiang, W. G.
(2006). Expression of Interleukin 11 and Its Receptor and Their Prognostic Value in Human Breast Cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol.
13: 802-808
[Abstract][Full Text]
Maggio, M., Guralnik, J. M., Longo, D. L., Ferrucci, L.
(2006). Interleukin-6 in aging and chronic disease: a magnificent pathway.. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.
61: 575-584
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lee, H., Finkelstein, J. S., Miller, M., Comeaux, S. J., Cohen, R. I., Leder, B. Z.
(2006). Effects of Selective Testosterone and Estradiol Withdrawal on Skeletal Sensitivity to Parathyroid Hormone in Men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
91: 1069-1075
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wang, X., Kua, H.-Y., Hu, Y., Guo, K., Zeng, Q., Wu, Q., Ng, H.-H., Karsenty, G., de Crombrugghe, B., Yeh, J., Li, B.
(2006). p53 functions as a negative regulator of osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast-dependent osteoclastogenesis, and bone remodeling. J. Cell Biol.
172: 115-125
[Abstract][Full Text]
Templeton, K.
(2005). Secondary Osteoporosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg
13: 475-486
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hammer, F., Drescher, D. G., Schneider, S. B., Quinkler, M., Stewart, P. M., Allolio, B., Arlt, W.
(2005). Sex Steroid Metabolism in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Changes with Aging. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
90: 6283-6289
[Abstract][Full Text]
Todhunter, C E, Sutherland-Craggs, A, Bartram, S A, Donaldson, P T, Daly, A K, Francis, R M, Mansfield, J C, Thompson, N P
(2005). Influence of IL-6, COL1A1, and VDR gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density in Crohn's disease. Gut
54: 1579-1584
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wolf, R. L, Cauley, J. A, Pettinger, M., Jackson, R., Lacroix, A., Leboff, M. S, Lewis, C. E, Nevitt, M. C, Simon, J. A, Stone, K. L, Wactawski-Wende, J.
(2005). Lack of a relation between vitamin and mineral antioxidants and bone mineral density: results from the Women's Health Initiative. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
82: 581-588
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kuo, P.-L., Hsu, Y.-L., Chang, C.-H., Chang, J.-K.
(2005). Osthole-Mediated Cell Differentiation through Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/p38 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathway in Human Osteoblast Cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
314: 1290-1299
[Abstract][Full Text]
Freundlich, M., Alonzo, E., Bellorin-Font, E., Weisinger, J. R.
(2005). Increased Osteoblastic Activity and Expression of Receptor Activator of NF-{kappa}B Ligand in Nonuremic Nephrotic Syndrome. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
16: 2198-2204
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ruocco, M. G., Maeda, S., Park, J. M., Lawrence, T., Hsu, L.-C., Cao, Y., Schett, G., Wagner, E. F., Karin, M.
(2005). I{kappa}B kinase (IKK){beta}, but not IKK{alpha}, is a critical mediator of osteoclast survival and is required for inflammation-induced bone loss. J. Exp. Med.
201: 1677-1687
[Abstract][Full Text]
Alesci, S., Martinez, P. E., Kelkar, S., Ilias, I., Ronsaville, D. S., Listwak, S. J., Ayala, A. R., Licinio, J., Gold, H. K., Kling, M. A., Chrousos, G. P., Gold, P. W.
(2005). Major Depression Is Associated with Significant Diurnal Elevations in Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels, a Shift of Its Circadian Rhythm, and Loss of Physiological Complexity in Its Secretion: Clinical Implications. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
90: 2522-2530
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liu, S., Ishikawa, H., Li, F.-J., Ma, Z., Otsuyama, K.-i., Asaoku, H., Abroun, S., Zheng, X., Tsuyama, N., Obata, M., Kawano, M. M.
(2005). Dehydroepiandrosterone Can Inhibit the Proliferation of Myeloma Cells and the Interleukin-6 Production of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Myeloma. Cancer Res.
65: 2269-2276
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ferrucci, L., Corsi, A., Lauretani, F., Bandinelli, S., Bartali, B., Taub, D. D., Guralnik, J. M., Longo, D. L.
(2005). The origins of age-related proinflammatory state. Blood
105: 2294-2299
[Abstract][Full Text]
Aris, R. M., Merkel, P. A., Bachrach, L. K., Borowitz, D. S., Boyle, M. P., Elkin, S. L., Guise, T. A., Hardin, D. S., Haworth, C. S., Holick, M. F., Joseph, P. M., O'Brien, K., Tullis, E., Watts, N. B., White, T. B.
(2005). Guide to Bone Health and Disease in Cystic Fibrosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
90: 1888-1896
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bolton, C. E., Ionescu, A. A., Shiels, K. M., Pettit, R. J., Edwards, P. H., Stone, M. D., Nixon, L. S., Evans, W. D., Griffiths, T. L., Shale, D. J.
(2004). Associated Loss of Fat-free Mass and Bone Mineral Density in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
170: 1286-1293
[Abstract][Full Text]
Achiron, A., Edelstein, S., Ziev-Ner, Y, Givon, U., Rotstein, Z., Barak, Y.
(2004). Bone strength in multiple sclerosis: cortical midtibial speed-of-sound assessment. Mult Scler
10: 488-493
[Abstract]
Doherty, T. M., Fitzpatrick, L. A., Inoue, D., Qiao, J.-H., Fishbein, M. C., Detrano, R. C., Shah, P. K., Rajavashisth, T. B.
(2004). Molecular, Endocrine, and Genetic Mechanisms of Arterial Calcification. Endocr. Rev.
25: 629-672
[Abstract][Full Text]
Haworth, C S, Selby, P L, Webb, A K, Martin, L, Elborn, J S, Sharples, L D, Adams, J E
(2004). Inflammatory related changes in bone mineral content in adults with cystic fibrosis. Thorax
59: 613-617
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lerner, U. H.
(2004). NEW MOLECULES IN THE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR LIGAND AND RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILIES WITH IMPORTANCE FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL BONE RESORPTION. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med.
15: 64-81
[Abstract][Full Text]
Valverde-Franco, G., Liu, H., Davidson, D., Chai, S., Valderrama-Carvajal, H., Goltzman, D., Ornitz, D. M., Henderson, J. E.
(2004). Defective bone mineralization and osteopenia in young adult FGFR3-/- mice. Hum Mol Genet
13: 271-284
[Abstract][Full Text]
Morales, O., Samuelsson, M. K. R., Lindgren, U., Haldosen, L.-A.
(2004). Effects of 1{alpha},25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Growth Hormone on Apoptosis and Proliferation in UMR 106 Osteoblast-Like Cells. Endocrinology
145: 87-94
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jensen, T, Klarlund, M, Hansen, M, Jensen, K E, Podenphant, J, Hansen, T M, Skjodt, H, Hyldstrup, L
(2004). Bone loss in unclassified polyarthritis and early rheumatoid arthritis is better detected by digital x ray radiogrammetry than dual x ray absorptiometry: relationship with disease activity and radiographic outcome. Ann Rheum Dis
63: 15-22
[Abstract][Full Text]
Davies, J. H., Evans, B. A. J., Jenney, M. E. M., Gregory, J. W.
(2003). Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents on the Function of Primary Human Osteoblast-Like Cells Derived from Children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
88: 6088-6097
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nakayamada, S., Okada, Y., Saito, K., Tamura, M., Tanaka, Y.
(2003). {beta}1 Integrin/Focal Adhesion Kinase-mediated Signaling Induces Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor {kappa}B Ligand on Osteoblasts and Osteoclast Maturation. J. Biol. Chem.
278: 45368-45374
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ionescu, A.A., Schoon, E.
(2003). Osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J
22: 64s-75s
[Abstract][Full Text]
Setchell, K. D., Lydeking-Olsen, E.
(2003). Dietary phytoestrogens and their effect on bone: evidence from in vitro and in vivo, human observational, and dietary intervention studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
78: 593S-609
[Abstract][Full Text]
Raison, C. L., Miller, A. H.
(2003). When Not Enough Is Too Much: The Role of Insufficient Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Stress-Related Disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry
160: 1554-1565
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mahachoklertwattana, P., Sirikulchayanonta, V., Chuansumrit, A., Karnsombat, P., Choubtum, L., Sriphrapradang, A., Domrongkitchaiporn, S., Sirisriro, R., Rajatanavin, R.
(2003). Bone Histomorphometry in Children and Adolescents with {beta}-Thalassemia Disease: Iron-Associated Focal Osteomalacia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
88: 3966-3972
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yamada, Y., Ando, F., Niino, N., Shimokata, H.
(2003). Association of Polymorphisms of Interleukin-6, Osteocalcin, and Vitamin D Receptor Genes, Alone or in Combination, with Bone Mineral Density in Community-Dwelling Japanese Women and Men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
88: 3372-3378
[Abstract][Full Text]
Segal, E., Dvorkin, L., Lavy, A., Rozen, G. S., Yaniv, I., Raz, B., Tamir, A., Ish-Shalom, S.
(2003). Bone Density in Axial and Appendicular Skeleton in Patients with Lactose Intolerance: Influence of Calcium Intake and Vitamin D Status. J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
22: 201-207
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bonyadi, M., Waldman, S. D., Liu, D., Aubin, J. E., Grynpas, M. D., Stanford, W. L.
(2003). Mesenchymal progenitor self-renewal deficiency leads to age-dependent osteoporosis in Sca-1/Ly-6A null mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
100: 5840-5845
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hu, Y., Chan, E., Wang, S. X., Li, B.
(2003). Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Required for Osteoblast Differentiation. Endocrinology
144: 2068-2074
[Abstract][Full Text]
Unfried, G., Bocskor, S., Endler, G., Nagele, F., Huber, J.C., Tempfer, C.B.
(2003). A polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene promoter and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod
18: 267-270
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liegibel, U. M., Sommer, U., Tomakidi, P., Hilscher, U., van den Heuvel, L., Pirzer, R., Hillmeier, J., Nawroth, P., Kasperk, C.
(2002). Concerted Action of Androgens and Mechanical Strain Shifts Bone Metabolism from High Turnover into an Osteoanabolic Mode. J. Exp. Med.
196: 1387-1392
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gevers, E. F., Loveridge, N., Robinson, I. C. A. F.
(2002). Bone Marrow Adipocytes: A Neglected Target Tissue for Growth Hormone. Endocrinology
143: 4065-4073
[Abstract][Full Text]
Watkins, L. R., Maier, S. F.
(2002). Beyond Neurons: Evidence That Immune and Glial Cells Contribute to Pathological Pain States. Physiol. Rev.
82: 981-1011
[Abstract][Full Text]
Palmqvist, P., Persson, E., Conaway, H. H., Lerner, U. H.
(2002). IL-6, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, and Oncostatin M Stimulate Bone Resorption and Regulate the Expression of Receptor Activator of NF-{kappa}B Ligand, Osteoprotegerin, and Receptor Activator of NF-{kappa}B in Mouse Calvariae. J. Immunol.
169: 3353-3362
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dolan, A. L., Moniz, C., Abraha, H., Pitt, P.
(2002). Does active treatment of rheumatoid arthritis limit disease-associated bone loss?. Rheumatology (Oxford)
41: 1047-1051
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ishida, A., Fujita, N., Kitazawa, R., Tsuruo, T.
(2002). Transforming Growth Factor-beta Induces Expression of Receptor Activator of NF-kappa B Ligand in Vascular Endothelial Cells Derived from Bone. J. Biol. Chem.
277: 26217-26224
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yamamoto, T., Saatcioglu, F., Matsuda, T.
(2002). Cross-Talk between Bone Morphogenic Proteins and Estrogen Receptor Signaling. Endocrinology
143: 2635-2642
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kaufman, B. A., Warren, M. P., Dominguez, J. E., Wang, J., Heymsfield, S. B., Pierson, R. N.
(2002). Bone Density and Amenorrhea in Ballet Dancers Are Related to a Decreased Resting Metabolic Rate and Lower Leptin Levels. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
87: 2777-2783
[Abstract][Full Text]
Okazaki, R., Inoue, D., Shibata, M., Saika, M., Kido, S., Ooka, H., Tomiyama, H., Sakamoto, Y., Matsumoto, T.
(2002). Estrogen Promotes Early Osteoblast Differentiation and Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation in Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Lines that Express Estrogen Receptor (ER) {alpha} or {beta}. Endocrinology
143: 2349-2356
[Abstract][Full Text]
ZOU, W., SCHWARTZ, H., ENDRES, S., HARTMANN, G., BAR-SHAVIT, Z.
(2002). CpG oligonucleotides: novel regulators of osteoclast differentiation. FASEB J.
16: 274-282
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pfeilschifter, J., Koditz, R., Pfohl, M., Schatz, H.
(2002). Changes in Proinflammatory Cytokine Activity after Menopause. Endocr. Rev.
23: 90-119
[Abstract][Full Text]
Biskobing, D. M.
(2002). COPD and Osteoporosis. Chest
121: 609-620
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sofat, N., Keat, A.
(2002). Alcohol intake in rheumatic disease: good or bad?. Rheumatology (Oxford)
41: 125-128
[Full Text]
Manolagas, S.C., Kousteni, S., Jilka, R.L.
(2002). Sex Steroids and Bone. Recent Prog Horm Res
57: 385-409
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sharman, K., Sharman, E., Campbell, A., Bondy, S. C.
(2001). Reduced Basal Levels and Enhanced LPS Response of IL-6 mRNA in Aged Mice. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.
56: B520-523
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roggia, C., Gao, Y., Cenci, S., Weitzmann, M. N., Toraldo, G., Isaia, G., Pacifici, R.
(2001). Up-regulation of TNF-producing T cells in the bone marrow: A key mechanism by which estrogen deficiency induces bone loss in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
98: 13960-13965
[Abstract][Full Text]
Watkins, B. A., Li, Y., Seifert, M. F.
(2001). Nutraceutical Fatty Acids as Biochemical and Molecular Modulators of Skeletal Biology. J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
20: 410S-416
[Abstract][Full Text]
Manabe, N., Kawaguchi, H., Chikuda, H., Miyaura, C., Inada, M., Nagai, R., Nabeshima, Y.-i., Nakamura, K., Sinclair, A. M., Scheuermann, R. H., Kuro-o, M.
(2001). Connection Between B Lymphocyte and Osteoclast Differentiation Pathways. J. Immunol.
167: 2625-2631
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ronis, M. J. J., Aronson, J., Gao, G. G., Hogue, W., Skinner, R. A., Badger, T. M., Lumpkin, C. K. Jr.
(2001). Skeletal Effects of Developmental Lead Exposure in Rats. Toxicol Sci
62: 321-329
[Abstract][Full Text]
Xiao, E., Xia-Zhang, L., Ferin, M., Wardlaw, S. L.
(2001). Differential Effects of Estradiol on the Adrenocorticotropin Responses to Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-1 in the Monkey. Endocrinology
142: 2736-2741
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cueto-Manzano, A. M., Freemont, A. J., Adams, J. E., Mawer, B., Gokal, R., Hutchison, A. J.
(2001). Association of sex hormone status with the bone loss of renal transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant
16: 1245-1250
[Abstract][Full Text]
Puder, J. J., Freda, P. U., Goland, R. S., Wardlaw, S. L.
(2001). Estrogen Modulates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal and Inflammatory Cytokine Responses to Endotoxin in Women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
86: 2403-2408
[Abstract][Full Text]
Manolagas, S. C., Kousteni, S.
(2001). Perspective: Nonreproductive Sites of Action of Reproductive Hormones. Endocrinology
142: 2200-2204
[Full Text]
Saika, M., Inoue, D., Kido, S., Matsumoto, T.
(2001). 17{beta}-Estradiol Stimulates Expression of Osteoprotegerin by a Mouse Stromal Cell Line, ST-2, via Estrogen Receptor-{{alpha}}. Endocrinology
142: 2205-2212
[Abstract][Full Text]
Watkins, B. A., Li, Y., Lippman, H. E., Seifert, M. F.
(2001). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Skeletal Health. Exp. Biol. Med.
226: 485-497
[Abstract][Full Text]
Scheidt-Nave, C., Bismar, H., Leidig-Bruckner, G., Woitge, H., Seibel, M. J., Ziegler, R., Pfeilschifter, J.
(2001). Serum Interleukin 6 Is a Major Predictor of Bone Loss in Women Specific to the First Decade Past Menopause. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
86: 2032-2042
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rosvold Berntsen, G. K., Fonnebo, V., Tollan, A., Johanne Sogaard, A., Magnus, J. H.
(2001). Forearm Bone Mineral Density by Age in 7,620 Men and Women The Tromso Study, a Population-based Study. Am J Epidemiol
153: 465-473
[Abstract][Full Text]
Leder, B. Z., Smith, M. R., Fallon, M. A., Lee, M.-L. T., Finkelstein, J. S.
(2001). Effects of Gonadal Steroid Suppression on Skeletal Sensitivity to Parathyroid Hormone in Men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
86: 511-516
[Abstract][Full Text]
Armour, K. E., Armour, K. J., Gallagher, M. E., Godecke, A., Helfrich, M. H., Reid, D. M., Ralston, S. H.
(2001). Defective Bone Formation and Anabolic Response to Exogenous Estrogen in Mice with Targeted Disruption of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. Endocrinology
142: 760-766
[Abstract][Full Text]
Brown, E. M., MacLeod, R. J.
(2001). Extracellular Calcium Sensing and Extracellular Calcium Signaling. Physiol. Rev.
81: 239-297
[Abstract][Full Text]
Anderson, H. C., Hodges, P. T., Aguilera, X. M., Missana, L., Moylan, P. E.
(2000). Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Localization in Developing Human and Rat Growth Plate, Metaphysis, Epiphysis, and Articular Cartilage. J. Histochem. Cytochem.
48: 1493-1502
[Abstract][Full Text]
Soyka, L. A., Fairfield, W. P., Klibanski, A.
(2000). Hormonal Determinants and Disorders of Peak Bone Mass in Children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
85: 3951-3963
[Full Text]
ARIS, R. M., STEPHENS, A. R., ONTJES, D. A., DENENE BLACKWOOD, A., LARK, R. K., HENSLER, M. B., NEURINGER, I. P., LESTER, G. E.
(2000). Adverse Alterations in Bone Metabolism Are Associated with Lung Infection in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
162: 1674-1678
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rodan, G. A., Martin, T. J.
(2000). Therapeutic Approaches to Bone Diseases. Science
289: 1508-1514
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hofbauer, L. C., Heufelder, A. E.
(2000). The Role of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Ligand and Osteoprotegerin in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Metabolic Bone Diseases. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
85: 2355-2363
[Full Text]
Okada, S., Yoshida, T., Hong, Z., Ishii, G., Hatano, M., Kuro-o, M., Nabeshima, Y., Nabeshima, Y.-i., Tokuhisa, T.
(2000). Impairment of B lymphopoiesis in precocious aging (klotho) mice. Int Immunol
12: 861-871
[Abstract][Full Text]
Adebanjo, O. A., Biswas, G., Moonga, B. S., Anandatheerthavarada, H. K., Sun, L., Bevis, P. J. R., Sodam, B. R., Lai, F. A., Avadhani, N. G., Zaidi, M.
(2000). Novel biochemical and functional insights into nuclear Ca2+ transport through IP3Rs and RyRs in osteoblasts. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.
278: F784-F791
[Abstract][Full Text]
Manolagas, S. C.
(2000). Birth and Death of Bone Cells: Basic Regulatory Mechanisms and Implications for the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Endocr. Rev.
21: 115-137
[Abstract][Full Text]
Papanicolaou, D. A.
(2000). Interleukin-6: The Endocrine Cytokine. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
85: 1331-1333
[Full Text]
Inoue, M., Ross, F. P., Erdmann, J. M., Abu-Amer, Y., Wei, S., Teitelbaum, S. L.
(2000). Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} Regulates {alpha}v{beta}5 Integrin Expression by Osteoclast Precursors in Vitro and in Vivo. Endocrinology
141: 284-290
[Abstract][Full Text]
Scott, E M, Gaywood, I, Scott, B B
(2000). Guidelines for osteoporosis in coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Gut
46: I1-8
[Full Text]
Previous
