Cholesterol Reduction in Cardiovascular Disease -- Clinical Benefits and Possible Mechanisms

doi:10.1056/NEJM199502233320807

Volume 332:512-521		February 23, 1995		Number 8

Cholesterol Reduction in Cardiovascular Disease — Clinical Benefits and Possible Mechanisms

Glenn N. Levine, M.D., John F. Keaney, M.D., and Joseph A. Vita, M.D.

Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

Full Text

PDF

Purchase this article

Add to Personal Archive

Add to Citation Manager

Notify a Friend

E-mail When Cited

PubMed Citation

The causal role of an elevated serum cholesterol level in thegenesis of atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae, particularlyischemic heart disease, is now well established. The recognitionof this role has been the impetus for numerous trials designedto test the hypothesis that a reduction in the cholesterol levelwill lead to a reduction in morbidity and mortality from cardiovasculardisease. Most of these studies have indeed demonstrated a reductionin the incidence of ischemic cardiac events, and some have alsoshown a reduction in mortality from cardiovascular disease.Despite this intensive investigation, however, the mechanism(or mechanisms) responsible . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Epidemiologic and Angiographic Studies of Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis

Cholesterol Reduction and Cardiovascular Disease

Primary-Prevention Trials

Secondary-Prevention Trials

Angiographic Studies of Cholesterol Reduction

Hypercholesterolemia, Plaque Rupture, and Lesion Activation

Hypercholesterolemia, Atherosclerosis, and Endothelial Dysfunction

Studies of Endothelial Dysfunction in Coronary Artery Disease and Hypercholesterolemia

Studies of Cholesterol Reduction and Endothelial Function

Summary

Source Information

From the Evans Memorial Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston.

Address reprint requests to Dr. vita at the Section of Cardiology, Boston University Medical Center Hospital, 88 E. Newton St., Boston, MA 02118.

References

This article has been cited by other articles:

Singh-Manoux, A., Gimeno, D., Kivimaki, M., Brunner, E., Marmot, M. G. (2008). Low HDL Cholesterol Is a Risk Factor for Deficit and Decline in Memory in Midlife: The Whitehall II Study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 1556-1562 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Coylewright, M., Blumenthal, R. S., Post, W. (2008). Placing COURAGE in Context: Review of the Recent Literature on Managing Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 83: 799-805 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Galman, C., Matasconi, M., Persson, L., Parini, P., Angelin, B., Rudling, M. (2007). Age-induced hypercholesterolemia in the rat relates to reduced elimination but not increased intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 293: E737-E742 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Shenouda, S. M., Vita, J. A. (2007). Effects of Flavonoid-Containing Beverages and EGCG on Endothelial Function. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 26: 366S-372S [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kingma, J. G. Jr., Vincent, C., Rouleau, J. R., Kingma, I. (2006). Influence of Acute Renal Failure on Coronary Vasoregulation in Dogs. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17: 1316-1324 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Hesse, C., Siedler, H., Luntz, S. P., Arendt, B. M., Goerlich, R., Fricker, R., Heer, M., Haefeli, W. E. (2005). Modulation of endothelial and smooth muscle function by bed rest and hypoenergetic, low-fat nutrition. J. Appl. Physiol. 99: 2196-2203 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Maeda, S., Matsuoka, I., Iwamoto, T., Kurose, H., Kimura, J. (2005). Down-Regulation of Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger by Fluvastatin in Rat Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cells: Involvement of RhoB in Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger mRNA Stability. Mol. Pharmacol. 68: 414-420 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fukuta, H., Sane, D. C., Brucks, S., Little, W. C. (2005). Statin Therapy May Be Associated With Lower Mortality in Patients With Diastolic Heart Failure: A Preliminary Report. Circulation 112: 357-363 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Yamakuchi, M., Greer, J. J.M., Cameron, S. J., Matsushita, K., Morrell, C. N., Talbot-Fox, K., Baldwin, W. M. III, Lefer, D. J., Lowenstein, C. J. (2005). HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Inhibit Endothelial Exocytosis and Decrease Myocardial Infarct Size. Circ. Res. 96: 1185-1192 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Amarenco, P., Labreuche, J., Lavallee, P., Touboul, P.-J. (2004). Statins in Stroke Prevention and Carotid Atherosclerosis: Systematic Review and Up-to-Date Meta-Analysis. Stroke 35: 2902-2909 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Collins, P, Brittenden, J (2004). Masterclass series in peripheral arterial disease: Lipid-lowering therapy in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med 9: 303-306
Narumiya, H., Sasaki, S., Kuwahara, N., Irie, H., Kusaba, T., Kameyama, H., Tamagaki, K., Hatta, T., Takeda, K., Matsubara, H. (2004). HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors up-regulate anti-aging klotho mRNA via RhoA inactivation in IMCD3 cells. Cardiovasc Res 64: 331-336 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Raggi, P., Callister, T. Q., Shaw, L. J. (2004). Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium and Risk of First Myocardial Infarction in Patients Receiving Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 24: 1272-1277 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Amarenco, P., Tonkin, A. M. (2004). Statins for Stroke Prevention: Disappointment and Hope. Circulation 109: III-44-III-49 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Widlansky, M. E., Gokce, N., Keaney, J. F. Jr, Vita, J. A. (2003). The clinical implications of endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 1149-1160 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Weckler, N., Leitzbach, D., Kalinowski, L., Malinski, T., Busch, A. E, Linz, W. (2003). Effect of chronic treatment with the vasopeptidase inhibitor AVE 7688 and ramipril on endothelial function in atherogenic diet rabbits. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 4: 191-196 [Abstract]
Pereira, D. I. A., McCartney, A. L., Gibson, G. R. (2003). An In Vitro Study of the Probiotic Potential of a Bile-Salt-Hydrolyzing Lactobacillus fermentum Strain, and Determination of Its Cholesterol-Lowering Properties. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 4743-4752 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tiefenbacher, C. P., Kapitza, J., Dietz, V., Lee, C.-H., Niroomand, F. (2003). Reduction of myocardial infarct size by fluvastatin. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 285: H59-H64 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Galman, C., Arvidsson, I., Angelin, B., Rudling, M. (2003). Monitoring hepatic cholesterol 7{alpha}-hydroxylase activity by assay of the stable bile acid intermediate 7{alpha}-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one in peripheral blood. J. Lipid Res. 44: 859-866 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sasaki, M., Bharwani, S., Jordan, P., Joh, T., Manas, K., Warren, A., Harada, H., Carter, P., Elrod, J. W., Wolcott, M., Grisham, M. B., Alexander, J. S. (2003). The 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Pravastatin Reduces Disease Activity and Inflammation in Dextran-Sulfate Induced Colitis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 305: 78-85 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Loscalzo, J. (2003). L-Arginine in Atherosclerosis: Consequences of Methylation Stress in a Complex Catabolism?. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 23: 3-5 [Full Text]
Dichtl, W., Dulak, J., Frick, M., Alber, H. F., Schwarzacher, S. P., Ares, M. P.S., Nilsson, J., Pachinger, O., Weidinger, F. (2003). HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Regulate Inflammatory Transcription Factors in Human Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 23: 58-63 [Abstract] [Full Text]
(2002). References. Circulation 106: 3373-3421 [Full Text]
Honjo, M., Tanihara, H., Nishijima, K., Kiryu, J., Honda, Y., Yue, B. Y. J. T., Sawamura, T. (2002). Statin Inhibits Leukocyte-Endothelial Interaction and Prevents Neuronal Death Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Retina. Arch Ophthalmol 120: 1707-1713 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rudling, M., Angelin, B., Stahle, L., Reihner, E., Sahlin, S., Olivecrona, H., Bjorkhem, I., Einarsson, C. (2002). Regulation of Hepatic Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase, and Cholesterol 7{alpha}-Hydroxylase mRNAs in Human Liver. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87: 4307-4313 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Forgione, M. A., Cap, A., Liao, R., Moldovan, N. I., Eberhardt, R. T., Lim, C. C., Jones, J., Goldschmidt-Clermont, P. J., Loscalzo, J. (2002). Heterozygous Cellular Glutathione Peroxidase Deficiency in the Mouse: Abnormalities in Vascular and Cardiac Function and Structure. Circulation 106: 1154-1158 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gokce, N., Holbrook, M., Hunter, L. M., Palmisano, J., Vigalok, E., Keaney, J. F. Jr, Vita, J. A. (2002). Acute effects of vasoactive drug treatment on brachial artery reactivity. J Am Coll Cardiol 40: 761-765 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Vita, J. A., Keaney, J. F. Jr (2002). Endothelial Function: A Barometer for Cardiovascular Risk?. Circulation 106: 640-642 [Full Text]
Vita, J. A., Loscalzo, J. (2002). Shouldering the Risk Factor Burden: Infection, Atherosclerosis, and the Vascular Endothelium. Circulation 106: 164-166 [Full Text]
Hathaway, C. A., Heistad, D. D., Piegors, D. J., Miller, F. J. Jr (2002). Regression of Atherosclerosis in Monkeys Reduces Vascular Superoxide Levels. Circ. Res. 90: 277-283 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sawayama, Y., Shimizu, C., Maeda, N., Tatsukawa, M., Kinukawa, N., Koyanagi, S., Kashiwagi, S., Hayashi, J. (2002). Effects of probucol and pravastatin on common carotid atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hypercholesterolemia: Fukuoka atherosclerosis trial (FAST). J Am Coll Cardiol 39: 610-616 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Thomas, S. R., Chen, K., Keaney, J. F. Jr. (2002). Hydrogen Peroxide Activates Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase through Coordinated Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation via a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-dependent Signaling Pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 6017-6024 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wassmann, S., Laufs, U., Muller, K., Konkol, C., Ahlbory, K., Baumer, A. T., Linz, W., Bohm, M., Nickenig, G. (2002). Cellular Antioxidant Effects of Atorvastatin In Vitro and In Vivo. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 22: 300-305 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Burton, J., Lee, D., Somayajula, S., Patel, V. (2002). Eruptive xanthomata in uncontrolled diabetes. British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2: 60-61
Park, J.-W., Siekmeier, R., Lattke, P., Merz, M., Mix, C., Schuiler, S., Jaross, W. (2001). Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Fluvastatin in Heart Transplant Recipients Taking Cyclosporine A. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 6: 351-361 [Abstract]
Vita, J. A., Keaney, J. F. Jr (2001). Hormone Replacement Therapy and Endothelial Function: The Exception That Proves the Rule?. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 21: 1867-1869 [Full Text]
Spacil, J., Ceska, R., Haas, T. (2001). Flow-Dependent Vasomotor Dysfunction of the Popliteal Artery Related to Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness. ANGIOLOGY 52: 689-695 [Abstract]
A. Massy, Z., Guijarro, C. (2001). Statins: effects beyond cholesterol lowering. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16: 1738-1741 [Full Text]
Saitta, A., Altavilla, D., Cucinotta, D., Morabito, N., Frisina, N., Corrado, F., D'Anna, R., Lasco, A., Squadrito, G., Gaudio, A., Cancellieri, F., Arcoraci, V., Squadrito, F. (2001). Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Effects of Raloxifene and Hormone Replacement Therapy on Plasma NO Concentrations, Endothelin-1 Levels, and Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Postmenopausal Women. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 21: 1512-1519 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Amarenco, P. (2001). Hypercholesterolemia, lipid-lowering agents, and the risk for brain infarction. Neurology 57: S35-44 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Huang, A., Xiao, H., Samii, J. M., Vita, J. A., Keaney, J. F. Jr. (2001). Contrasting effects of thiol-modulating agents on endothelial NO bioactivity. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 281: C719-C725 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wassmann, S., Laufs, U., Baumer, A. T., Muller, K., Ahlbory, K., Linz, W., Itter, G., Rosen, R., Bohm, M., Nickenig, G. (2001). HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Improve Endothelial Dysfunction in Normocholesterolemic Hypertension via Reduced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species. Hypertension 37: 1450-1457 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Scalia, R., Gooszen, M. E., Jones, S. P., Hoffmeyer, M., Rimmer, D. M. III, Trocha, S. D., Huang, P. L., Smith, M. B., Lefer, A. M., Lefer, D. J. (2001). Simvastatin Exerts Both Anti-inflammatory and Cardioprotective Effects in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Circulation 103: 2598-2603 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wassmann, S., Laufs, U., Bäumer, A. T., Müller, K., Konkol, C., Sauer, H., Böhm, M., Nickenig, G. (2001). Inhibition of Geranylgeranylation Reduces Angiotensin II-Mediated Free Radical Production in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Involvement of Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Expression and Rac1 GTPase. Mol. Pharmacol. 59: 646-654 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Annuk, M., Lind, L., Linde, T., Fellstrom, B. (2001). Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in renal failure in humans. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16: 302-306 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sanoski, C. A. (2001). The Year in Review: Cardiology. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 14: 18-40 [Abstract]
Lefer, A. M, Scalia, R., Lefer, D. J (2001). Vascular effects of HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins) unrelated to cholesterol lowering: new concepts for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 49: 281-287 [Full Text]
Hayase, M., Woodbum, K. W, Perlroth, J., Miller, R. A, Baumgardner, W., Yock, P. G, Yeung, A. (2001). Photoangioplasty with local motexafin lutetium delivery reduces macrophages in a rabbit post-balloon injury model. Cardiovasc Res 49: 449-455 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Blumenthal, R. S., Cohn, G., Schulman, S. P. (2000). Medical therapy versus coronary angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease: a critical review of the literature. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 668-673 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Vita, J. A., Yeung, A. C., Winniford, M., Hodgson, J. M., Treasure, C. B., Klein, J. L., Werns, S., Kern, M., Plotkin, D., Shih, W. J., Mitchel, Y., Ganz, P. (2000). Effect of Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy on Coronary Endothelial Vasomotor Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation 102: 846-851 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tomasian, D., Keaney, J. F. Jr., Vita, J. A. (2000). Antioxidants and the bioactivity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Cardiovasc Res 47: 426-435 [Full Text]
O'Rourke, R. A., Brundage, B. H., Froelicher, V. F., Greenland, P., Grundy, S. M., Hachamovitch, R., Pohost, G. M., Shaw, L. J., Weintraub, W. S., Winters, W. L. Jr, Forrester, J. S., Douglas, P. S., Faxon, D. P., Fisher, J. D., Gregoratos, G., Hochman, J. S., Hutter, A. M. Jr, Kaul, S., O'Rourke, R. A., Weintraub, W. S., Winters, W. L. Jr, Wolk, M. J. (2000). American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Expert Consensus Document on Electron-Beam Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease : Committee Members. Circulation 102: 126-140 [Full Text]
O'Rourke, R. A., Brundage, B. H., Froelicher, V. F., Greenland, P., Grundy, S. M., Hachamovitch, R., Pohost, G. M., Shaw, L. J., Weintraub, W. S., Winters, W. L. Jr, Forrester, J. S., Douglas, P. S., Faxon, D. P., Fisher, J. D., Gregoratos, G., Hochman, J. S., Hutter, A. M. Jr, Kaul, S., O'Rourke, R. A., Weintraub, W. S., Winters, W. L. Jr, Wolk, M. J. (2000). American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association expert consensus document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 326-340 [Full Text]
Eitzman, D. T., Westrick, R. J., Xu, Z., Tyson, J., Ginsburg, D. (2000). Hyperlipidemia Promotes Thrombosis After Injury to Atherosclerotic Vessels in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 20: 1831-1834 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Anderson, J. W, Davidson, M. H, Blonde, L., Brown, W V., Howard, W J., Ginsberg, H., Allgood, L. D, Weingand, K. W (2000). Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium as an adjunct to diet therapy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 1433-1438 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Loscalzo, J. (2000). What We Know and Don't Know About L-Arginine and NO. Circulation 101: 2126-2129 [Full Text]
Cooper, B. A (2000). Review: high levels of homocysteine are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Evid. Based Med. 5: 63-63 [Full Text]
Vita, J. A., Keaney, J. F. (2000). Exercise -- Toning up the Endothelium?. NEJM 342: 503-505 [Full Text]
Bourcier, T., Libby, P. (2000). HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors Reduce Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression by Human Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 20: 556-562 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Pruefer, D., Scalia, R., Lefer, A. M. (1999). Simvastatin Inhibits Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interactions and Protects Against Inflammatory Processes in Normocholesterolemic Rats. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 19: 2894-2900 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Khan, F., Litchfield, S. J, Stonebridge, P. A, Belch, J. J. (1999). Lipid-lowering and skin vascular responses in patients with hypercholesterolaemia and peripheral arterial obstructive disease. Vasc Med 4: 233-238 [Abstract]
Davidson, M. H., Dillon, M. A., Gordon, B., Jones, P., Samuels, J., Weiss, S., Isaacsohn, J., Toth, P., Burke, S. K. (1999). Colesevelam Hydrochloride (Cholestagel): A New, Potent Bile Acid Sequestrant Associated With a Low Incidence of Gastrointestinal Side Effects. Arch Intern Med 159: 1893-1900 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Anderson, J. W, Smith, B. M, Washnock, C. S (1999). Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dry bean and soybean intake. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70: 464S-474 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Knopp, R. H. (1999). Drug Treatment of Lipid Disorders. NEJM 341: 498-511 [Full Text]
Voci, P., Testa, G., Plaustro, G., Caretta, Q. (1999). Coronary Doppler intensity changes during handgrip: a new method to detect coronary vasomotor tone in coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 34: 428-434 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lefer, A. M., Campbell, B., Shin, Y.-K., Scalia, R., Hayward, R., Lefer, D. J. (1999). Simvastatin Preserves the Ischemic-Reperfused Myocardium in Normocholesterolemic Rat Hearts. Circulation 100: 178-184 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gokce, N., Keaney, J. F. Jr, Frei, B., Holbrook, M., Olesiak, M., Zachariah, B. J., Leeuwenburgh, C., Heinecke, J. W., Vita, J. A. (1999). Long-Term Ascorbic Acid Administration Reverses Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation 99: 3234-3240 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Baller, D., Notohamiprodjo, G., Gleichmann, U., Holzinger, J., Weise, R., Lehmann, J. (1999). Improvement in Coronary Flow Reserve Determined by Positron Emission Tomography After 6 Months of Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy in Patients With Early Stages of Coronary Atherosclerosis. Circulation 99: 2871-2875 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gotto, A. M. Jr (1999). Lipid-lowering therapy for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 33: 2078-2082 [Full Text]
KEANEY, J. F. JR., SIMON, D. I., FREEDMAN, J. E. (1999). Vitamin E and vascular homeostasis: implications for atherosclerosis. FASEB J. 13: 965-975 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sobel, B. E. (1999). Increased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Vasculopathy : A Reconcilable Paradox. Circulation 99: 2496-2498 [Full Text]
Parini, P., Angelin, B., Rudling, M. (1999). Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Aging : Reversal of Hypercholesterolemia by Growth Hormone Treatment in Old Rats. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 19: 832-839 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Miyazaki, H., Matsuoka, H., Cooke, J. P., Usui, M., Ueda, S., Okuda, S., Imaizumi, T. (1999). Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor : A Novel Marker of Atherosclerosis. Circulation 99: 1141-1146 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gotto, A. M. Jr, Grundy, S. M. (1999). Lowering LDL Cholesterol : Questions From Recent Meta-Analyses and Subset Analyses of Clinical Trial DataIssues From the Interdisciplinary Council on Reducing the Risk for Coronary Heart Disease, Ninth Council Meeting. Circulation 99 : e1-e7 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Arroyo, L. H, Lee, R. T (1999). Mechanisms of plaque rupture: mechanical and biologic interactions. Cardiovasc Res 41: 369-375 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Callister, T. Q., Raggi, P., Cooil, B., Lippolis, N. J., Russo, D. J. (1998). Effect of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors on Coronary Artery Disease as Assessed by Electron-Beam Computed Tomography. NEJM 339: 1972-1978 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Jackson, T. S., Xu, A., Vita, J. A., Keaney, J. F. Jr (1998). Ascorbate Prevents the Interaction of Superoxide and Nitric Oxide Only at Very High Physiological Concentrations. Circ. Res. 83: 916-922 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mannion, T. C, Vita, J. A, Keaney, J. F Jr, Benjamin, E. J, Hunter, L., Polak, J. F (1998). Non-invasive assessment of brachial artery endothelial vasomotor function: the effect of cuff position on level of discomfort and vasomotor responses. Vasc Med 3: 263-267 [Abstract]
Geppert, A., Graf, S., Beckmann, R., Hornykewycz, S., Schuster, E., Binder, B. R., Huber, K. (1998). Concentration of Endogenous tPA Antigen in Coronary Artery Disease : Relation to Thrombotic Events, Aspirin Treatment, Hyperlipidemia, and Multivessel Disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 18: 1634-1642 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Thorne, S., Mullen, M. J., Clarkson, P., Donald, A. E., Deanfield, J. E. (1998). Early endothelial dysfunction in adults at risk from atherosclerosis: different responses to L-arginine. J Am Coll Cardiol 32: 110-116 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Downs, J. R., Clearfield, M., Weis, S., Whitney, E., Shapiro, D. R., Beere, P. A., Langendorfer, A., Stein, E. A., Kruyer, W., Gotto, A. M. Jr, for the AFCAPS/TexCAPS Research Group, (1998). Primary Prevention of Acute Coronary Events With Lovastatin in Men and Women With Average Cholesterol Levels: Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. JAMA 279: 1615-1622 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Borgia, M. C., Medici, F. (1998). Perspectives in the Treatment of Dyslipidemias in the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. ANGIOLOGY 49: 339-348 [Abstract]
Vogel, R. A., Corretti, M. C. (1998). Estrogens, Progestins, and Heart Disease : Can Endothelial Function Divine the Benefit?. Circulation 97: 1223-1226 [Full Text]
Gheorghiade, M., Bonow, R. O. (1998). Chronic Heart Failure in the United States : A Manifestation of Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation 97: 282-289 [Full Text]
Laufs, U., Fata, V. L., Liao, J. K. (1997). Inhibition of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA Reductase Blocks Hypoxia-mediated Down-regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 31725-31729 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Smalley, D. M., Hogg, N., Kalyanaraman, B., Pritchard, K. A. Jr (1997). Endothelial Cells Prevent Accumulation of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Low-Density Lipoprotein. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 17: 3469-3474 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Calvo, D., Gomez-Coronado, D., Lasuncion, M. A., Vega, M. A. (1997). CLA-1 Is an 85-kD Plasma Membrane Glycoprotein That Acts as a High-Affinity Receptor for Both Native (HDL, LDL, and VLDL) and Modified (OxLDL and AcLDL) Lipoproteins. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 17: 2341-2349 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lynch, S. M., Frei, B., Morrow, J. D., Roberts, L. J. II, Xu, A., Jackson, T., Reyna, R., Klevay, L. M., Vita, J. A., Keaney, J. F. Jr. (1997). Vascular Superoxide Dismutase Deficiency Impairs Endothelial Vasodilator Function Through Direct Inactivation of Nitric Oxide and Increased Lipid Peroxidation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 17: 2975-2981 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Delanty, N., Vaughan, C. J. (1997). Vascular Effects of Statins in Stroke. Stroke 28: 2315-2320 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cox, D. A., Cohen, M. L. (1997). Relationship between Phospholipase D Activation and Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction in Rabbit Aorta. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 283: 305-311 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lee, R. T., Libby, P. (1997). The Unstable Atheroma. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 17: 1859-1867 [Full Text]
Hong, M. K., Vossoughi, J., Mintz, G. S., Kauffman, R. D., Hoyt, R. F. Jr, Cornhill, J. F., Herderick, E. E., Leon, M. B., Hoeg, J. M. (1997). Altered Compliance and Residual Strain Precede Angiographically Detectable Early Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Deficiency. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 17: 2209-2217 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Diaz, M. N., Frei, B., Vita, J. A., Keaney, J. F. (1997). Antioxidants and Atherosclerotic Heart Disease. NEJM 337: 408-416 [Full Text]
Ting, H. H., Timimi, F. K., Haley, E. A., Roddy, M.-A., Ganz, P., Creager, M. A. (1997). Vitamin C Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Forearm Resistance Vessels of Humans With Hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 95: 2617-2622 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bendick, P. J., Juleff, R. S., Glover, J. L. (1997). Arterial Adaptation to Increased Wall Shear Stress. VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 31: 153-161 [Abstract]
Ruygrok, P., Umans, V., Smith, G. D., Burnand, B., Feinstein, A. R., Enriquez-Sarano, M. (1997). Secular Trends in Coronary Atherosclerosis. NEJM 336: 224-226 [Full Text]
Enriquez-Sarano, M., Klodas, E., Garratt, K. N., Bailey, K. R., Tajik, A. J., Holmes, D. R. (1996). Secular Trends in Coronary Atherosclerosis -- Analysis in Patients with Valvular Regurgitation. NEJM 335: 316-322 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tonstad, S., Joakimsen, O., Stensland-Bugge, E., Leren, T. P., Ose, L., Russell, D., Bonaa, K. H. (1996). Risk Factors Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque in Children With Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Control Subjects. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 16: 984-991 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Smith, S. C. Jr (1996). Risk-Reduction Therapy: The Challenge to Change : Presented at the 68th Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association November 13, 1995 Anaheim, California. Circulation 93: 2205-2211 [Full Text]
Kroon, A. A., Aengevaeren, W. R.M., van der Werf, T., Uijen, G. J.H., Reiber, J. H.C., Bruschke, A. V.G., Stalenhoef, A. F.H. (1996). LDL-Apheresis Atherosclerosis Regression Study (LAARS) : Effect of Aggressive Versus Conventional Lipid Lowering Treatment on Coronary Atherosclerosis. Circulation 93: 1826-1835 [Abstract] [Full Text]

Comments and questions? Please contact us.