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Previous Volume 332:556-562 March 2, 1995 Number 9 Next

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ABSTRACT

Background Functional assessment is an important part of the evaluation of elderly persons. We conducted this study to determine whether objective measures of physical function can predict subsequent disability in older persons.

Methods This prospective cohort study included men and women 71 years of age or older who were living in the community, who reported no disability in the activities of daily living, and who reported that they were able to walk one-half mile (0.8 km) and climb stairs without assistance. The subjects completed a short battery of physical-performance tests and participated in a follow-up interview four years later. The tests included an assessment of standing balance, a timed 8-ft (2.4-m) walk at a normal pace, and a timed test of five repetitions of rising from a chair and sitting down.

Results Among the 1122 subjects who were not disabled at base line and who participated in the four-year follow-up, lower scores on the base-line performance tests were associated with a statistically significant, graduated increase in the frequency of disability in the activities of daily living and mobility-related disability at follow-up. After adjustment for age, sex, and the presence of chronic disease, those with the lowest scores on the performance tests were 4.2 to 4.9 times as likely to have disability at four years as those with the highest performance scores, and those with intermediate performance scores were 1.6 to 1.8 times as likely to have disability.

Conclusions Among nondisabled older persons living in the community, objective measures of lower-extremity function were highly predictive of subsequent disability. Measures of physical performance may identify older persons with a preclinical stage of disability who may benefit from interventions to prevent the development of frank disability.

Source Information

From the Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Md. (J.M.G., E.M.S., M.E.S.); the Geriatrics Department, Hospital "I Fraticini," National Institute for Research and Care of the Elderly (INRCA), Florence, Italy (L.F.); and the Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (R.B.W.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Guralnik at the National Institute on Aging, 7201 Wisconsin Ave., Rm. 3C-309, Bethesda, MD 20892.

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• Carter, C. S., Onder, G., Kritchevsky, S. B., Pahor, M. (2005). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Intervention in Elderly Persons: Effects on Body Composition and Physical Performance. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 60: 1437-1446 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Montero-Odasso, M., Schapira, M., Soriano, E. R., Varela, M., Kaplan, R., Camera, L. A., Mayorga, L. M. (2005). Gait Velocity as a Single Predictor of Adverse Events in Healthy Seniors Aged 75 Years and Older. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 60: 1304-1309 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bruce, D. G., Davis, W. A., Davis, T. M.E. (2005). Longitudinal Predictors of Reduced Mobility and Physical Disability in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 28: 2441-2447 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Whitney, S. L, Wrisley, D. M, Marchetti, G. F, Gee, M. A, Redfern, M. S, Furman, J. M (2005). Clinical Measurement of Sit-to-Stand Performance in People With Balance Disorders: Validity of Data for the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test. ptjournal 85: 1034-1045 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van der Flier, W. M., van Straaten, E. C.W., Barkhof, F., Verdelho, A., Madureira, S., Pantoni, L., Inzitari, D., Erkinjuntti, T., Crisby, M., Waldemar, G., Schmidt, R., Fazekas, F., Scheltens, P., on behalf of the LADIS Study Group, (2005). Small Vessel Disease and General Cognitive Function in Nondisabled Elderly: The LADIS Study. Stroke 36: 2116-2120 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Elbaz, A., Ripert, M., Tavernier, B., Fevrier, B., Zureik, M., Gariepy, J., Alperovitch, A., Tzourio, C. (2005). Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness, Carotid Plaques, and Walking Speed. Stroke 36: 2198-2202 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Al Snih, S., Fisher, M. N., Raji, M. A., Markides, K. S., Ostir, G. V., Goodwin, J. S. (2005). Diabetes Mellitus and Incidence of Lower Body Disability Among Older Mexican Americans. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 60: 1152-1156 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• West, S. K., Munoz, B., Rubin, G. S., Bandeen-Roche, K., Broman, A. T., Turano, K. A. (2005). Compensatory Strategy Use Identifies Risk of Incident Disability for the Visually Impaired. Arch Ophthalmol 123: 1242-1247 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Collins, T. C, Petersen, N. J, Suarez-Almazor, M. (2005). Peripheral arterial disease symptom subtype and walking impairment. Vasc Med 10: 177-183 [Abstract]  
• Deathe, A B., Miller, W. C (2005). The L Test of Functional Mobility: Measurement Properties of a Modified Version of the Timed "Up & Go" Test Designed for People With Lower-Limb Amputations. ptjournal 85: 626-635 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Reid, M. C., Williams, C. S., Gill, T. M. (2005). Back Pain and Decline in Lower Extremity Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 60: 793-797 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Boyd, C. M., Xue, Q.-L., Guralnik, J. M., Fried, L. P. (2005). Hospitalization and Development of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living in a Cohort of Disabled Older Women: The Women's Health and Aging Study I. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 60: 888-893 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Perera, S., Studenski, S., Chandler, J. M., Guralnik, J. M. (2005). Magnitude and Patterns of Decline in Health and Function in 1 Year Affect Subsequent 5-Year Survival. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 60: 894-900 [Abstract] [Full Text]