Aspirin and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women
Edward Giovannucci, M.D., Kathleen M. Egan, M.P.H., David J. Hunter, M.D., Meir J. Stampfer, M.D., Graham A. Colditz, M.D., Walter C. Willett, M.D., and Frank E. Speizer, M.D.
Background Most data suggest that the regular use of aspirinreduces the risk of colorectal cancer, but some apparently conflictingevidence exists. The effects of the dose and the duration ofaspirin consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer are notwell understood.
Methods We determined rates of colorectal cancer according tothe number of consecutive years of regular aspirin use (definedas two or more tablets per week) among women in the Nurses'Health Study who reported regular aspirin use on three consecutivequestionnaires (1980, 1982, and 1984) and compared the ratesin this group with the rates among women who said they did notuse aspirin. Cases of cancer occurring from 1984 through 1992(the eight years after the 1984 questionnaire) were included.
Results From 1984 through 1992, we documented 331 new casesof colorectal cancer during 551,651 person-years of follow-up.Women who consistently took two or more aspirin tablets perweek had no appreciable reduction in the risk of colorectalcancer as compared with nonusers after four years (relativerisk, 1.06; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.45) orafter five to nine years (relative risk, 0.84; 95 percent confidenceinterval, 0.55 to 1.28). There was a slight reduction in riskamong women who took aspirin for 10 to 19 years, but it wasnot statistically significant (relative risk, 0.70; 95 percentconfidence interval, 0.41 to 1.20). However, there was a statisticallysignificant reduction after 20 years of consistent use of aspirin(relative risk, 0.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.36 to0.90; P for trend = 0.008). The maximal reduction in risk wasobserved among women who took four to six tablets per week;higher doses had a similar apparent benefit. Controlling forrisk factors for colorectal cancer, including diet, did notchange the results, and the earlier diagnosis and removal ofcolorectal adenomas among aspirin users did not account forthe results.
Conclusions Regular aspirin use, at doses similar to those recommendedfor the prevention of cardiovascular disease, substantiallyreduces the risk of colorectal cancer. However, this benefitmay not be evident until after at least a decade of regularaspirin consumption.
Source Information
From the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.G., D.J.H., M.J.S., G.A.C., W.C.W., F.E.S.), and the Departments of Epidemiology (K.M.E., D.J.H., M.J.S., G.A.C., W.C.W.) and Nutrition (E.G., M.J.S., W.C.W.), Harvard School of Public Health — all in Boston.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Giovannucci at the Channing Laboratory, 180 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115.
Aspirin and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women
Johnson K. A., Prindiville S. A., Morgan G., Roychowdhury D. F., van Bodegraven A.A., Lourens J., Sindram J.W., Kaufmann H. J., Schuler M., Giovannucci E., Speizer F. E., Egan K., Marcus A. J.
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N Engl J Med 1996;
334:119-122, Jan 11, 1996.
Correspondence
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