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Previous Volume 333:1331-1339 November 16, 1995 Number 20 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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There is an urgent need to control the global epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Although educational approaches to modify risk-taking behavior are a critical component of prevention, we focus this discussion on the status of vaccine development. The success of active immunization against other infectious diseases makes immunization an attractive approach to preventing HIV-1 infection. The eradication of smallpox¹ and progress in the elimination of poliomyelitis, targeted to occur by the year 2000,² are notable examples of the impact of vaccination.

Given the complexity of HIV-1 pathogenesis, however, empirical approaches successful in the development of previous . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Correlates of Protective Immunity

Antigenic Variation

Animal Models

Strategies for Active Immunization against HIV-1

Clinical Trials

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Departments of Medicine (B.S.G.), Pediatrics (P.F.W.), and Microbiology and Immunology (B.S.G., P.F.W.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Graham at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, A-3310 MCN, 1161 21st Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232-2605.

References

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• Green, T. D., Montefiori, D. C., Ross, T. M. (2003). Enhancement of Antibodies to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope by Using the Molecular Adjuvant C3d. J. Virol. 77: 2046-2055 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Su, L., Graf, M., Zhang, Y., von Briesen, H., Xing, H., Köstler, J., Melzl, H., Wolf, H., Shao, Y., Wagner, R. (2000). Characterization of a Virtually Full-Length Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome of a Prevalent Intersubtype (C/B') Recombinant Strain in China. J. Virol. 74: 11367-11376 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ourmanov, I., Bilska, M., Hirsch, V. M., Montefiori, D. C. (2000). Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Expressing the Surface gp120 of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Primes for a Rapid Neutralizing Antibody Response to SIV Infection in Macaques. J. Virol. 74: 2960-2965 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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• Imaoka, K., Miller, C. J., Kubota, M., McChesney, M. B., Lohman, B., Yamamoto, M., Fujihashi, K., Someya, K., Honda, M., McGhee, J. R., Kiyono, H. (1998). Nasal Immunization of Nonhuman Primates with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus p55gag and Cholera Toxin Adjuvant Induces Th1/Th2 Help for Virus-Specific Immune Responses in Reproductive Tissues. J. Immunol. 161: 5952-5958 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Graham, B. S (1998). Science, medicine, and the future: Infection with HIV-1. BMJ 317: 1297-1301 [Full Text]  
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