After lung cancer, prostate cancer is the leading cause of deathsfrom cancer among men in the United States. It will claim 40,000lives in 1995.1 Studies in the early 1990s demonstrated thatlevels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a serine protease,are elevated in most men with clinically important prostatecancer and that measuring them is the best means for early detectionof the disease.2,3,4,5 In 1993, the American Cancer Societyrecommended that clinicians measure PSA in all men 50 yearsof age and older as part of an annual prostate examination andthat PSA screening should begin at the . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Analytic Issues
Is Prostate Cancer Serious?
Is PsA Screening Accurate?
Does Early Detection of Prostate Cancer Improve Outcomes?
Is Screening or Treatment Harmful?
Does Screening Do More Good Than Harm?
Is There Enough Evidence?
How to Advise the Patient
Source Information
From the Department of Family Practice, Fairfax Family Practice Center, Medical College of Virginia, Fairfax.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Woolf at the Fairfax Family Practice Center, 3712 Charles Stewart Dr., Fairfax, VA 22033.
Kelly, K. A., Setlur, S. R., Ross, R., Anbazhagan, R., Waterman, P., Rubin, M. A., Weissleder, R.
(2008). Detection of Early Prostate Cancer Using a Hepsin-Targeted Imaging Agent. Cancer Res.
68: 2286-2291
[Abstract][Full Text]
Singer, E. A., Penson, D. F., Palapattu, G. S.
(2007). PSA Screening and Elderly Men. JAMA
297: 949-949
[Full Text]
Concato, J., Wells, C. K.
(2006). No One Dies From Prostate Cancer?--Reply. Arch Intern Med
166: 1526-1526
[Full Text]
Concato, J., Wells, C. K., Horwitz, R. I., Penson, D., Fincke, G., Berlowitz, D. R., Froehlich, G., Blake, D., Vickers, M. A., Gehr, G. A., Raheb, N. H., Sullivan, G., Peduzzi, P.
(2006). The Effectiveness of Screening for Prostate Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study. Arch Intern Med
166: 38-43
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lafata, J. E., Simpkins, J., Lamerato, L., Poisson, L., Divine, G., Johnson, C. C.
(2004). The Economic Impact of False-Positive Cancer Screens. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.
13: 2126-2132
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chan, E. C. Y., Vernon, S. W., Ahn, C., Greisinger, A.
(2004). Do Men Know That They Have Had a Prostate-Specific Antigen Test? Accuracy of Self-Reports of Testing at 2 Sites. Am. J. Public Health
94: 1336-1338
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chan, E. C. Y., Vernon, S. W., O'Donnell, F. T., Ahn, C., Greisinger, A., Aga, D. W.
(2003). Informed Consent for Cancer Screening With Prostate-Specific Antigen: How Well Are Men Getting the Message?. Am. J. Public Health
93: 779-785
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mistry, K., Cable, G.
(2003). Meta-Analysis of Prostate-Specific Antigen and Digital Rectal Examination as Screening Tests for Prostate Carcinoma. J Am Board Fam Med
16: 95-101
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shike, M., Latkany, L., Riedel, E., Fleisher, M., Schatzkin, A., Lanza, E., Corle, D., Begg, C. B.
(2002). Lack of Effect of a Low-Fat, High-Fruit, -Vegetable, and -Fiber Diet on Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen of Men Without Prostate Cancer: Results From a Randomized Trial. JCO
20: 3592-3598
[Abstract][Full Text]
Van Coppenolle, F., Slomianny, C., Carpentier, F., Le Bourhis, X., Ahidouch, A., Croix, D., Legrand, G., Dewailly, E., Fournier, S., Cousse, H., Authie, D., Raynaud, J.-P., Beauvillain, J.-C., Dupouy, J.-P., Prevarskaya, N.
(2001). Effects of hyperprolactinemia on rat prostate growth: evidence of androgeno-dependence. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
280: E120-E129
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shuba, Y. M., Prevarskaya, N., Lemonnier, L., Van Coppenolle, F., Kostyuk, P. G., Mauroy, B., Skryma, R.
(2000). Volume-regulated chloride conductance in the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.
279: C1144-C1154
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tammemagi, C. M., Tockman, M. S., Mulshine, J. L., Piantadosi, S.
(2000). Correspondence re: M. S. Tockman et al., Prospective Detection of Preclinical Lung Cancer: Results from Two Studies of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 Overexpression. Clin. Cancer Res., 3: 2237-2246, 1997.. Clin. Cancer Res.
6: 1601-1603
[Full Text]
Greiver, M., Rosen, N., for the North York General-Branson Practice-Based,
(2000). PSA screening: a view from the front lines. CMAJ
162: 789-790
[Full Text]
Giovannucci, E., Rimm, E. B., Ascherio, A., Colditz, G. A., Spiegelman, D., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C.
(1999). Smoking and Risk of Total and Fatal Prostate Cancer in United States Health Professionals1. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.
8: 277-282
[Abstract][Full Text]
Elwyn, G. J., Rix, A., Matthews, P., Stott, N. C.
(1999). Referral for ‘prostatism': developing a ‘performance indicator' for the threshold between primary and secondary care?. Fam Pract
16: 140-142
[Abstract][Full Text]
Colao, A., Marzullo, P., Ferone, D., Spiezia, S., Cerbone, G., Marinò, V., Di Sarno, A., Merola, B., Lombardi, G.
(1998). Prostatic Hyperplasia: An Unknown Feature of Acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
83: 775-779
[Abstract][Full Text]
Catalona, W. J., Hensel, W. A., Stevens, R., Budenholzer, B., Woolf, S. H.
(1996). Screening for Prostate Cancer. NEJM
334: 666-668
[Full Text]