Preoperative Assessment of Patients with Known or Suspected Coronary Disease

doi:10.1056/NEJM199512283332607

Volume 333:1750-1756		December 28, 1995		Number 26

Preoperative Assessment of Patients with Known or Suspected Coronary Disease

Dennis T. Mangano, Ph.D., M.D., and Lee Goldman, M.D.

Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

Full Text

PDF

Purchase this article

Letters

Add to Personal Archive

Add to Citation Manager

Notify a Friend

E-mail When Cited

PubMed Citation

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in theUnited States, Canada, Europe, and Japan.¹^,² Of the 27 millionpatients who undergo surgery in the United States each year,approximately 8 million have coronary artery disease or riskfactors for cardiovascular disease; 1 million have perioperativecardiac complications, which result in approximately $20 billionin annual costs for in-hospital and long-term care.³ Over thenext several decades, furthermore, the effects of the agingof the population will exacerbate the problem; more than 37million patients will undergo surgery each year in the UnitedStates, of whom 40 percent will . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Routine Clinical Data and Risk Indexes

Specialized Testing

Electrocardiography

Echocardiography

Radionuclide Ventriculography

Thallium Scintigraphy

Pathophysiologic Limitations of Testing

A Recommended Approach

Source Information

From the McSPI Research Group, San Francisco (D.T.M.); the Departments of Anesthesiology (D.T.M.) and Medicine (L.G.), University of California, San Francisco; and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (D.T.M.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Goldman at the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143.

References

Related Letters:

Preoperative Assessment of Patients with Coronary Disease
Ashton C. M., Wray N. P., Darbar D., Gillespie N., Mangano D. T., Goldman L.
Extract | Full Text
N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1064-1065, Apr 18, 1996. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

American College of Cardiology Foundation, , American Heart Association Task Force on Practice, , American Society of Echocardiography, , American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, , Heart Rhythm Society, , Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, , Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interve, , Society for Vascular Medicine, , Society for Vascular Surgery, , Fleisher, L. A., Beckman, J. A., Brown, K. A., Calkins, H., Chaikof, E. L., Fleischmann, K. E., Freeman, W. K., Froehlich, J. B., Kasper, E. K., Kersten, J. R., Riegel, B., Robb, J. F. (2009). 2009 ACCF/AHA Focused Update on Perioperative Beta Blockade Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 54: e13-e118 [Full Text]
2007 WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, , Fleisher, L. A., Beckman, J. A., Brown, K. A., Calkins, H., Chaikof, E. L., Fleischmann, K. E., Freeman, W. K., Froehlich, J. B., Kasper, E. K., Kersten, J. R., Riegel, B., Robb, J. F. (2009). 2009 ACCF/AHA Focused Update on Perioperative Beta Blockade Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 120: e169-e276 [Full Text]
Authors/Task Force Members, , Poldermans, D., Bax, J. J., Boersma, E., De Hert, S., Eeckhout, E., Fowkes, G., Gorenek, B., Hennerici, M. G., Iung, B., Kelm, M., Kjeldsen, K. P., Kristensen, S. D., Lopez-Sendon, J., Pelosi, P., Philippe, F., Pierard, L., Ponikowski, P., Schmid, J.-P., Sellevold, O. F.M., Sicari, R., Van den Berghe, G., Vermassen, F., Additional Contributors, , Hoeks, S. E., Vanhorebeek, I., ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), , Vahanian, A., Auricchio, A., Bax, J. J., Ceconi, C., Dean, V., Filippatos, G., Funck-Brentano, C., Hobbs, R., Kearney, P., McDonagh, T., McGregor, K., Popescu, B. A., Reiner, Z., Sechtem, U., Sirnes, P. A., Tendera, M., Vardas, P., Widimsky, P., Document Reviewers, , De Caterina, R., Agewall, S., Al Attar, N., Andreotti, F., Anker, S. D., Baron-Esquivias, G., Berkenboom, G., Chapoutot, L., Cifkova, R., Faggiano, P., Gibbs, S., Hansen, H. S., Iserin, L., Israel, C. W., Kornowski, R., Eizagaechevarria, N. M., Pepi, M., Piepoli, M., Priebe, H. J., Scherer, M., Stepinska, J., Taggart, D., Tubaro, M. (2009). Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery: The Task Force for Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Perioperative Cardiac Management in Non-cardiac Surgery of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). Eur Heart J 30: 2769-2812 [Full Text]
Stoneham, M. D., Thompson, J. P. (2009). Arterial pressure management and carotid endarterectomy. Br J Anaesth 102: 442-452 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chong, C. P., Lam, Q. T., Ryan, J. E., Sinnappu, R. N., Lim, W. K. (2009). Incidence of post-operative troponin I rises and 1-year mortality after emergency orthopaedic surgery in older patients. Age Ageing 38: 168-174 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Funk, D. J., Moretti, E. W., Gan, T. J. (2009). Minimally Invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring in the Perioperative Setting. Anesth. Analg. 108: 887-897 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Poldermans, D., Hoeks, S. E., Feringa, H. H. (2008). Pre-Operative Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction Before Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 1913-1924 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Developed in Collaboration With the American Socie, , WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, , Fleisher, L. A., Beckman, J. A., Brown, K. A., Calkins, H., Chaikof, E., Fleischmann, K. E., Freeman, W. K., Froehlich, J. B., Kasper, E. K., Kersten, J. R., Riegel, B., Robb, J. F., ACC/AHA TASK FORCE MEMBERS, , Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Antman, E. M., Buller, C. E., Creager, M. A., Ettinger, S. M., Faxon, D. P., Fuster, V., Halperin, J. L., Hiratzka, L. F., Hunt, S. A., Lytle, B. W., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B., Tarkington, L. G., Yancy, C. W. (2008). ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Anesth. Analg. 106: 685-712 [Full Text]
McFalls, E. O., Ward, H. B., Moritz, T. E., Apple, F. S., Goldman, S., Pierpont, G., Larsen, G. C., Hattler, B., Shunk, K., Littooy, F., Santilli, S., Rapp, J., Thottapurathu, L., Krupski, W., Reda, D. J., Henderson, W. G. (2008). Predictors and outcomes of a perioperative myocardial infarction following elective vascular surgery in patients with documented coronary artery disease: results of the CARP trial. Eur Heart J 29: 394-401 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sutaria, N., Mayet, J. (2007). Preoperative screening for coronary disease: who needs it and how do you do it?. Heart 93: 1497-1499 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Russo, V, Gostoli, V, Lovato, L, Montalti, M, Marzocchi, A, Gavelli, G, Branzi, A, Di Bartolomeo, R, Fattori, R (2007). Clinical value of multidetector CT coronary angiography as a preoperative screening test before non-coronary cardiac surgery. Heart 93: 1591-1598 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fleisher, L. A., Beckman, J. A., Brown, K. A., Calkins, H., Chaikof, E., Fleischmann, K. E., Freeman, W. K., Froehlich, J. B., Kasper, E. K., Kersten, J. R., Riegel, B., Robb, J. F. (2007). ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for Vascular Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: 1707-1732 [Full Text]
Fleisher, L. A., Beckman, J. A., Brown, K. A., Calkins, H., Chaikof, E. L., Fleischmann, K. E., Freeman, W. K., Froehlich, J. B., Kasper, E. K., Kersten, J. R., Riegel, B., Robb, J. F., Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Antman, E. M., Buller, C. E., Creager, M. A., Ettinger, S. M., Faxon, D. P., Fuster, V., Halperin, J. L., Hiratzka, L. F., Hunt, S. A., Lytle, B. W., Nishimura, R., Ornato, J. P., Page, R. L., Riegel, B., Tarkington, L. G., Yancy, C. W. (2007). ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for Vascular Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: e159-e242 [Full Text]
Fleisher, L. A., Beckman, J. A., Brown, K. A., Calkins, H., Chaikof, E. L., Fleischmann, K. E., Freeman, W. K., Froehlich, J. B., Kasper, E. K., Kersten, J. R., Riegel, B., Robb, J. F. (2007). ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Circulation 116: e418-e500 [Full Text]
Fleisher, L. A., Beckman, J. A., Brown, K. A., Calkins, H., Chaikof, E. L., Fleischmann, K. E., Freeman, W. K., Froehlich, J. B., Kasper, E. K., Kersten, J. R., Riegel, B., Robb, J. F. (2007). ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Circulation 116: 1971-1996 [Full Text]
Howard-Alpe, G. M., Sear, J. W., Foex, P. (2006). Methods of detecting atherosclerosis in non-cardiac surgical patients; the role of biochemical markers. Br J Anaesth 97: 758-769 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Dernellis, J, Panaretou, M (2006). Assessment of cardiac risk before non-cardiac surgery: brain natriuretic peptide in 1590 patients. Heart 92: 1645-1650 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Souza, L. F. (2006). Anesthesia research needs definitions.. Anesth. Analg. 102: 1287-1287 [Full Text]
Sonmez, K., Eskisar, A. O., Demir, D., Yazicioglu, M. V., Mutlu, B., Dogan, Y., Izgi, A., Mansuroglu, D., Bakal, R. B., Elonu, O. H., Turan, F. (2006). Increased Urinary Albumin Excretion Rates Can Be a Marker of Coexisting Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease. ANGIOLOGY 57: 15-20 [Abstract]
Bursi, F., Babuin, L., Barbieri, A., Politi, L., Zennaro, M., Grimaldi, T., Rumolo, A., Gargiulo, M., Stella, A., Modena, M. G., Jaffe, A. S. (2005). Vascular surgery patients: perioperative and long-term risk according to the ACC/AHA guidelines, the additive role of post-operative troponin elevation. Eur Heart J 26: 2448-2456 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Christ, M., Sharkova, Y., Geldner, G., Maisch, B. (2005). Preoperative and Perioperative Care for Patients With Suspected or Established Aortic Stenosis Facing Noncardiac Surgery. Chest 128: 2944-2953 [Abstract] [Full Text]
McCrath, D. J., Cerboni, E., Frumento, R. J., Hirsh, A. L., Bennett-Guerrero, E. (2005). Thromboelastography Maximum Amplitude Predicts Postoperative Thrombotic Complications Including Myocardial Infarction. Anesth. Analg. 100: 1576-1583 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Spackman, T. N., Abel, M. D., Schlegel, T. T. (2005). Twelve-Lead High-Frequency QRS Electrocardiography During Anesthesia in Healthy Subjects. Anesth. Analg. 100: 1043-1047 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ghansah, J. N., Murphy, J. T. (2004). Complications of Major Aortic and Lower Extremity Vascular Surgery. SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTH 8: 335-361 [Abstract]
Lindenauer, P. K., Fitzgerald, J., Hoople, N., Benjamin, E. M. (2004). The Potential Preventability of Postoperative Myocardial Infarction: Underuse of Perioperative {beta}-Adrenergic Blockade. Arch Intern Med 164: 762-766 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Siddiqui, A. K., Ahmed, S., Delbeau, H., Conner, D., Mattana, J. (2004). Lack of Physician Concordance With Guidelines on the Perioperative Use of {beta}-Blockers. Arch Intern Med 164: 664-667 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Crausman, R. S., Glod, D. J. (2004). Perioperative Medical Assessment of the Podiatric Surgical Patient. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 94: 86-89 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rohrig, R., Junger, A., Hartmann, B., Klasen, J., Quinzio, L., Jost, A., Benson, M., Hempelmann, G. (2004). The Incidence and Prediction of Automatically Detected Intraoperative Cardiovascular Events in Noncardiac Surgery. Anesth. Analg. 98: 569-577 [Abstract] [Full Text]
VanDenKerkhof, E. G., Milne, B., Parlow, J. L. (2003). Knowledge and Practice Regarding Prophylactic Perioperative Beta Blockade in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Survey of Canadian Anesthesiologists. Anesth. Analg. 96: 1558-1565 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Grayburn, P. A., Hillis, L D. (2003). Cardiac Events in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: Shifting the Paradigm from Noninvasive Risk Stratification to Therapy. ANN INTERN MED 138: 506-511 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tsen, L. C., Segal, S., Pothier, M., Hartley, L. H., Bader, A. M. (2002). The Effect of Alterations in a Preoperative Assessment Clinic on Reducing the Number and Improving the Yield of Cardiology Consultations. Anesth. Analg. 95: 1563-1568 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chassot, P.-G., Delabays, A., Spahn, D. R. (2002). Preoperative evaluation of patients with, or at risk of, coronary artery disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 89: 747-759 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cosin, J., Diez, J., on behalf of the TORIC investigators, (2002). Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 4: 507-513 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bhattacharyya, T., Iorio, R., Healy, W. L. (2002). Rate of and Risk Factors for Acute Inpatient Mortality After Orthopaedic Surgery. JBJS 84: 562-572 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Auerbach, A. D., Goldman, L. (2002). {beta}-Blockers and Reduction of Cardiac Events in Noncardiac Surgery: Scientific Review. JAMA 287: 1435-1444 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Auerbach, A. D., Goldman, L. (2002). {beta}-Blockers and Reduction of Cardiac Events in Noncardiac Surgery: Clinical Applications. JAMA 287: 1445-1447 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Eagle, K. A., Berger, P. B., Calkins, H., Chaitman, B. R., Ewy, G. A., Fleischmann, K. E., Fleisher, L. A., Froehlich, J. B., Gusberg, R. J., Leppo, J. A., Ryan, T., Schlant, R. C., Winters, W. L. Jr, Gibbons, R. J., Antman, E. M., Alpert, J. S., Faxon, D. P., Fuster, V., Gregoratos, G., Jacobs, A. K., Hiratzka, L. F., Russell, R. O., Smith, S. C. Jr (2002). ACC/AHA Guideline Update for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery--Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Circulation 105: 1257-1267 [Full Text]
Eagle, K. A., Berger, P. B., Calkins, H., Chaitman, B. R., Ewy, G. A., Fleischmann, K. E., Fleisher, L. A., Froehlich, J. B., Gusberg, R. J., Leppo, J. A., Ryan, T., Schlant, R. C., Winters, W. L. Jr, Gibbons, R. J., Antman, E. M., Alpert, J. S., Faxon, D. P., Fuster, V., Gregoratos, G., Jacobs, A. K., Hiratzka, L. F., Russell, R. O., Smith, S. C. Jr (2002). ACC/AHA guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery--executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) . J Am Coll Cardiol 39: 542-553 [Full Text]
Zaugg, M., Schaub, M. C., Pasch, T., Spahn, D. R. (2002). Modulation of {beta}-adrenergic receptor subtype activities in perioperative medicine: mechanisms and sites of action. Br J Anaesth 88: 101-123 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Froehlich, J. B, Eagle, K. A (2002). Anaesthesia and the cardiac patient: the patient versus the procedure. Heart 87: 91-96 [Full Text]
Fleisher, L. A., Eagle, K. A. (2001). Lowering Cardiac Risk in Noncardiac Surgery. NEJM 345: 1677-1682 [Full Text]
Polanczyk, C. A., Rohde, L. E., Goldman, L., Cook, E. F., Thomas, E. J., Marcantonio, E. R., Mangione, C. M., Lee, T. H. (2001). Right Heart Catheterization and Cardiac Complications in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: An Observational Study. JAMA 286: 309-314 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Polanczyk, C. A., Marcantonio, E., Goldman, L., Rohde, L. E.P., Orav, J., Mangione, C. M., Lee, T. H. (2001). Impact of Age on Perioperative Complications and Length of Stay in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery. ANN INTERN MED 134: 637-643 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Boersma, E., Poldermans, D., Bax, J. J., Steyerberg, E. W., Thomson, I. R., Banga, J. D., van de Ven, L. L. M., van Urk, H., Roelandt, J. R. T. C., for the DECREASE Study Group, (2001). Predictors of Cardiac Events After Major Vascular Surgery: Role of Clinical Characteristics, Dobutamine Echocardiography, and {beta}-Blocker Therapy. JAMA 285: 1865-1873 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Selzman, C. H., Miller, S. A., Zimmerman, M. A., Harken, A. H. (2001). The Case for {beta}-Adrenergic Blockade as Prophylaxis Against Perioperative Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality. Arch Surg 136: 286-290 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Badner, N. H., Beattie, W. S., Freeman, D., Spence, J. D. (2000). Nitrous Oxide-Induced Increased Homocysteine Concentrations Are Associated with Increased Postoperative Myocardial Ischemia in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy. Anesth. Analg. 91: 1073-1079 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Das, M. K., Pellikka, P. A., Mahoney, D. W., Roger, V. L., Oh, J. K., McCully, R. B., Seward, J. B. (2000). Assessment of cardiac risk before nonvascular surgery: Dobutamine stress echocardiography in 530 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 35: 1647-1653 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Baum, V. C., Barton, D. M., Gutgesell, H. P. (2000). Influence of Congenital Heart Disease on Mortality After Noncardiac Surgery in Hospitalized Children. Pediatrics 105: 332-335 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lee, T. H. (1999). Reducing Cardiac Risk in Noncardiac Surgery. NEJM 341: 1838-1840 [Full Text]
Lee, T. H., Marcantonio, E. R., Mangione, C. M., Thomas, E. J., Polanczyk, C. A., Cook, E. F., Sugarbaker, D. J., Donaldson, M. C., Poss, R., Ho, K. K. L., Ludwig, L. E., Pedan, A., Goldman, L. (1999). Derivation and Prospective Validation of a Simple Index for Prediction of Cardiac Risk of Major Noncardiac Surgery. Circulation 100: 1043-1049 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Crawford, M. H., Bernstein, S. J., Deedwania, P. C., DiMarco, J. P., Ferrick, K. J., Garson, A. Jr, Green, L. A., Greene, H. L., Silka, M. J., Stone, P. H., Tracy, C. M., Gibbons, R. J., Alpert, J. S., Eagle, K. A., Gardner, T. J., Garson, A. Jr, Gregoratos, G., Russell, R. O., Ryan, T. J., Smith, S. C. Jr (1999). ACC/AHA guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the Guidelines for Ambulatory Electrocardiography) developed in collaboration with the North American Society for Pacing and Electrophysiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 34: 912-948 [Full Text]
Tønnesen, H., Rosenberg, J., Nielsen, H. J, Rasmussen, V., Hauge, C., Pedersen, I. K, Kehlet, H. (1999). Effect of preoperative abstinence on poor postoperative outcome in alcohol misusers: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 318: 1311-1316 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Landesberg, G., Wolf, Y., Schechter, D., Mosseri, M., Weissman, C., Anner, H., Chisin, R., Luria, M. H., Kovalski, N., Bocher, M., Erel, J., Berlatzky, Y. (1998). Preoperative Thallium Scanning, Selective Coronary Revascularization, and Long-Term Survival After Carotid Endarterectomy. Stroke 29: 2541-2548 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Goldman, L. (1998). A 75-Year-Old Woman With an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Emphysema. JAMA 280: 366-372 [Full Text]
Iskander, S., Iskandrian, A. E. (1998). Risk assessment using single-photon emission computed tomographic technetium-99m sestamibi imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 32: 57-62 [Abstract] [Full Text]
de Virgilio, C., Kirby, L., Lewis, R. J., Donayre, C., Baker, J. D., White, R., Stabile, B. E. (1998). Limited Utility of Dipyridamole-Thallium for Predicting Adverse Cardiac Events After Vascular Surgery. VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 32: 275-279 [Abstract]
Potyk, D., Raudaskoski, P. (1998). Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation for Elective Noncardiac Surgery. Arch Fam Med 7: 164-173 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Eagle, K. A., Rihal, C. S., Mickel, M. C., Holmes, D. R., Foster, E. D., Gersh, B. J., Investigators, f. t. C., Program, U. o. M. H. C. (1997). Cardiac Risk of Noncardiac Surgery : Influence of Coronary Disease and Type of Surgery in 3368 Operations. Circulation 96: 1882-1887 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bartels, C., Bechtel, J. F. M., Hossmann, V., Horsch, S. (1997). Cardiac Risk Stratification for High-Risk Vascular Surgery. Circulation 95: 2473-2475 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mangano, D. T., Layug, E. L., Wallace, A., Tateo, I., The Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Re, (1996). Effect of Atenolol on Mortality and Cardiovascular Morbidity after Noncardiac Surgery. NEJM 335: 1713-1721 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ashton, C. M., Wray, N. P., Darbar, D., Gillespie, N., Mangano, D. T., Goldman, L. (1996). Preoperative Assessment of Patients with Coronary Disease. NEJM 334: 1064-1065 [Full Text]

Comments and questions? Please contact us.