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Previous Volume 333:276-282 August 3, 1995 Number 5 Next

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ABSTRACT

Background In laboratory animals, the consumption of soy protein, rather than animal protein, decreases serum cholesterol concentrations, but studies in humans have been inconclusive. In this meta-analysis of 38 controlled clinical trials, we examined the relation between soy protein consumption and serum lipid concentrations in humans.

Methods We used a random-effects model to quantify the average effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids in the studies we examined and used hierarchical mixed-effects regression models to predict variation as a function of the characteristics of the studies.

Results In most of the studies, the intake of energy, fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol was similar when the subjects ingested control and soy-containing diets; soy protein intake averaged 47 g per day. Ingestion of soy protein was associated with the following net changes in serum lipid concentrations from the concentrations reached with the control diet: total cholesterol, a decrease of 23.2 mg per deciliter (0.60 mmol per liter; 95 percent confidence interval, 13.5 to 32.9 mg per deciliter [0.35 to 0.85 mmol per liter]), or 9.3 percent; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a decrease of 21.7 mg per deciliter (0.56 mmol per liter; 95 percent confidence interval, 11.2 to 31.7 mg per deciliter [0.30 to 0.82 mmol per liter]), or 12.9 percent; and triglycerides, a decrease of 13.3 mg per deciliter (0.15 mmol per liter; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.3 to 25.7 mg per deciliter [0.003 to 0.29 mmol per liter]), or 10.5 percent. The changes in serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations were directly related to the initial serum cholesterol concentration (P<0.001). The ingestion of soy protein was associated with a nonsignificant 2.4 percent increase in serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

Conclusions We found that the consumption of soy protein rather than animal protein significantly decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Source Information

From the Metabolic Research Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine (J.W.A.), the Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine (B.M.J.), and the Department of Nutritional Sciences (M.E.C.-N.), University of Kentucky, Lexington.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Anderson at the Medical Service, 111C, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Leestown Rd., Lexington, KY 40511.

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Soy Protein and Serum Lipids
Krauss R. M., Chait A., Stone N. J., Anderson J. W., Johnstone B. M., Cook-Newell M. E.
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N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1715-1716, Dec 21, 1995. Correspondence

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