FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 333:356-363 August 10, 1995 Number 6 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF Purchase this article Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

A peptidergic activity produced in endothelial cells that caused coronary vasoconstriction was described in 1985,¹ and a family of peptides, named the endothelins, was subsequently isolated and identified.² The three members of the family — endothelin-1, endothelin-2, and endothelin-3 — are produced in a variety of tissues, where they act as modulators of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. Studies with endothelins and specific endothelin-receptor antagonists have suggested that these peptides are important in vascular physiology and disease. This article reviews the important details of the synthesis and actions of endothelins and the roles of endothelins in organ function . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Cell Biology

Endothelin-1

Endothelin-2 and Endothelin-3

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

            Endothelin Peptides

            Endothelin Receptors

            Type A Endothelin Receptors

            Type B Endothelin Receptors

Regulation and Expression of Endothelin Receptors

Physiology of Endothelins

Interactions with Other Vasoactive Factors in the Vasculature

Circulatory Effects of Endothelin-1

Pathophysiology of Endothelins

Cardiovascular Pathology

Hypertension

Pulmonary Function and Disease

Kidney Disease

Developmental Disorders

Central Nervous System Effects

Physiology

Brain Ischemia

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, and the Long Beach Veterans Hospital, Long Beach, Calif.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Levin at Long Beach Veterans Hospital, Medical Service (111-I), 5901 E. 7th St., Long Beach, CA 90822.

References

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Kuiper, J. W., Versteilen, A. M. G., Niessen, H. W. M., Vaschetto, R. R., Sipkema, P., Heijnen, C. J., Groeneveld, A. B. J., Plotz, F. B. (2008). Production of Endothelin-1 and Reduced Blood Flow in the Rat Kidney During Lung-Injurious Mechanical Ventilation. Anesth. Analg. 107: 1276-1283 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Leuchte, H. H., Meis, T., El-Nounou, M., Michalek, J., Behr, J. (2008). Inhalation of endothelin receptor blockers in pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 294: L772-L777 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chiappori, A. A., Haura, E., Rodriguez, F. A., Boulware, D., Kapoor, R., Neuger, A. M., Lush, R., Padilla, B., Burton, M., Williams, C., Simon, G., Antonia, S., Sullivan, D. M., Bepler, G. (2008). Phase I/II Study of Atrasentan, an Endothelin A Receptor Antagonist, in Combination with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin as First-Line Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 14: 1464-1469 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sprogar, S., Volk, J., Drevensek, M., Drevensek, G. (2007). The effects of TBC3214, a selective endothelin ETA receptor antagonist, on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Eur J Orthod 29: 605-608 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, H. A., Baek, E. B., Park, K. S., Jung, H. J., Kim, J. I., Kim, S. J., Earm, Y. E (2007). Mechanosensitive nonselective cation channel facilitation by endothelin-1 is regulated by protein kinase C in arterial myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 76: 224-235 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schneider, L. A., Schlenner, S. M., Feyerabend, T. B., Wunderlin, M., Rodewald, H.-R. (2007). Molecular mechanism of mast cell mediated innate defense against endothelin and snake venom sarafotoxin. J. Exp. Med. 204: 2629-2639 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cervar-Zivkovic, M., Hu, C., Barton, A., Sadovsky, Y., Desoye, G., Lang, U., Nelson, D.M. (2007). Endothelin-1 Attenuates Apoptosis in Cultured Trophoblasts From Term Human Placentas. Reproductive Sciences 14: 430-439 [Abstract]  
• Spinella, F., Rosano, L., Di Castro, V., Decandia, S., Nicotra, M. R., Natali, P. G., Bagnato, A. (2007). Endothelin-1 and Endothelin-3 Promote Invasive Behavior via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1{alpha} in Human Melanoma Cells. Cancer Res. 67: 1725-1734 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Van Sant, C., Wang, G., Anderson, M. G., Trask, O. J., Lesniewski, R., Semizarov, D. (2007). Endothelin signaling in osteoblasts: global genome view and implication of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 6: 253-261 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Raymond, M.-N., Bole-Feysot, C., Banno, Y., Tanfin, Z., Robin, P. (2006). Endothelin-1 Inhibits Apoptosis through a Sphingosine Kinase 1-Dependent Mechanism in Uterine Leiomyoma ELT3 Cells. Endocrinology 147: 5873-5882 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Strey, C H, Young, J M, Lainchbury, J H, Frampton, C M, Nicholls, M G, Richards, A M, Scott, R S (2006). Short-term statin treatment improves endothelial function and neurohormonal imbalance in normocholesterolaemic patients with non-ischaemic heart failure. Heart 92: 1603-1609 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Carducci, M. A., Jimeno, A. (2006). Targeting bone metastasis in prostate cancer with endothelin receptor antagonists.. Clin. Cancer Res. 12: 6296s-6300s [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Maitre, A., Bonneterre, V., Huillard, L., Sabatier, P., de Gaudemaris, R. (2006). Impact of urban atmospheric pollution on coronary disease. Eur Heart J 27: 2275-2284 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Roig, E. (2006). Usefulness of neurohormonal markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure. Eur Heart J Suppl 8: E12-E17 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Niccoli, G., Lanza, G. A., Shaw, S., Romagnoli, E., Gioia, D., Burzotta, F., Trani, C., Mazzari, M. A., Mongiardo, R., De Vita, M., Rebuzzi, A. G., Luscher, T. F., Crea, F. (2006). Endothelin-1 and acute myocardial infarction: a no-reflow mediator after successful percutaneous myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J 27: 1793-1798 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Williams, M H, Das, C, Handler, C E, Akram, M R, Davar, J, Denton, C P, Smith, C J, Black, C M, Coghlan, J G (2006). Systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary hypertension: improved survival in the current era. Heart 92: 926-932 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Milan, J., Charalambous, C., Elhag, R., Chen, T. C., Li, W., Guan, S., Hofman, F. M., Zidovetzki, R. (2006). Multiple signaling pathways are involved in endothelin-1-induced brain endothelial cell migration. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 291: C155-C164 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rosano, L., Di Castro, V., Spinella, F., Decandia, S., Natali, P. G., Bagnato, A. (2006). ZD4054, a Potent Endothelin Receptor A Antagonist, Inhibits Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Proliferation.. Exp. Biol. Med. 231: 1132-1135 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pikkarainen, S., Tokola, H., Kerkela, R., Ilves, M., Makinen, M., Orzechowski, H.-D., Paul, M., Vuolteenaho, O., Ruskoaho, H. (2006). Inverse regulation of preproendothelin-1 and endothelin-converting enzyme-1beta genes in cardiac cells by mechanical load. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 290: R1639-R1645 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chen, G.-F., Sun, Z. (2006). Effects of chronic cold exposure on the endothelin system. J. Appl. Physiol. 100: 1719-1726 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Iemitsu, M., Maeda, S., Otsuki, T., Sugawara, J., Tanabe, T., Jesmin, S., Kuno, S., Ajisaka, R., Miyauchi, T., Matsuda, M. (2006). Polymorphism in Endothelin-Related Genes Limits Exercise-Induced Decreases in Arterial Stiffness in Older Subjects. Hypertension 47: 928-936 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mullins, L. J., Bailey, M. A., Mullins, J. J. (2006). Hypertension, Kidney, and Transgenics: A Fresh Perspective. Physiol. Rev. 86: 709-746 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bagnato, A., Spinella, F., Rosano, L. (2005). Emerging role of the endothelin axis in ovarian tumor progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 12: 761-772 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Langer, F., Bauer, M., Tscholl, D., Schramm, R., Kunihara, T., Lausberg, H., Georg, T., Wilkens, H., Schafers, H.-J. (2005). Circulating big endothelin-1: An active role in pulmonary thromboendarterectomy?. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 130: 1342-1347 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cooper, E. J., Wareing, M., Greenwood, S. L., Baker, P. N. (2005). Effects of Oxygen Tension and Normalization Pressure on Endothelin-Induced Constriction of Human Placental Chorionic Plate Arteries. Reproductive Sciences 12: 488-494 [Abstract]  
• Soufir, N., Meziani, R., Lacapere, J.-J., Bertrand, G., Fumeron, F., Bourillon, A., Gerard, B., Descamps, V., Crickx, B., Ollivaud, L., Archimbaud, A., Lebbe, C., Basset-Seguin, N., Saiag, P., Grandchamp, B., for the Investigators of the Melan-Cohort, (2005). Association Between Endothelin Receptor B Nonsynonymous Variants and Melanoma Risk. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 97: 1297-1301 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yip, H.-K., Wu, C.-J., Chang, H.-W., Yang, C.-H., Yu, T.-H., Chen, Y.-H., Hang, C.-L. (2005). Prognostic Value of Circulating Levels of Endothelin-1 in Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Coronary Angioplasty. Chest 127: 1491-1497 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Herrera, M., Garvin, J. L. (2005). A high-salt diet stimulates thick ascending limb eNOS expression by raising medullary osmolality and increasing release of endothelin-1. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 288: F58-F64 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lahav, R., Suva, M.-L., Rimoldi, D., Patterson, P. H., Stamenkovic, I. (2004). Endothelin Receptor B Inhibition Triggers Apoptosis and Enhances Angiogenesis in Melanomas. Cancer Res. 64: 8945-8953 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dong, Y., Wang, X., Zhu, H., Treiber, F. A., Snieder, H. (2004). Endothelin-1 Gene and Progression of Blood Pressure and Left Ventricular Mass: Longitudinal Findings in Youth. Hypertension 44: 884-890 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guruli, G., Pflug, B. R., Pecher, S., Makarenkova, V., Shurin, M. R., Nelson, J. B. (2004). Function and survival of dendritic cells depend on endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor autocrine loops. Blood 104: 2107-2115 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hartz, A. M. S., Bauer, B., Fricker, G., Miller, D. S. (2004). Rapid Regulation of P-Glycoprotein at the Blood-Brain Barrier by Endothelin-1. Mol. Pharmacol. 66: 387-394 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mather, K. J., Lteif, A., Steinberg, H. O., Baron, A. D. (2004). Interactions Between Endothelin and Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Vascular Tone in Obesity and Diabetes. Diabetes 53: 2060-2066 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Herrera, M., Garvin, J. L. (2004). Endothelin stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the thick ascending limb. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 287: F231-F235 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ryan, C. W., Vogelzang, N. J., Vokes, E. E., Kindler, H. L., Undevia, S. D., Humerickhouse, R., Andre, A. K., Wang, Q., Carr, R. A., Ratain, M. J. (2004). Dose-Ranging Study of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Atrasentan in Patients with Refractory Malignancies. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 4406-4411 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shi-Wen, X., Chen, Y., Denton, C. P., Eastwood, M., Renzoni, E. A., Bou-Gharios, G., Pearson, J. D., Dashwood, M., du Bois, R. M., Black, C. M., Leask, A., Abraham, D. J (2004). Endothelin-1 Promotes Myofibroblast Induction through the ETA Receptor via a rac/Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt-dependent Pathway and Is Essential for the Enhanced Contractile Phenotype of Fibrotic Fibroblasts. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 2707-2719 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shi-wen, X., Howat, S. L., Renzoni, E. A., Holmes, A., Pearson, J. D., Dashwood, M. R., Bou-Gharios, G., Denton, C. P., du Bois, R. M., Black, C. M., Leask, A., Abraham, D. J. (2004). Endothelin-1 Induces Expression of Matrix-associated Genes in Lung Fibroblasts through MEK/ERK. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 23098-23103 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Grimshaw, M. J., Hagemann, T., Ayhan, A., Gillett, C. E., Binder, C., Balkwill, F. R. (2004). A Role for Endothelin-2 and Its Receptors in Breast Tumor Cell Invasion. Cancer Res. 64: 2461-2468 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wulfing, P., Kersting, C., Tio, J., Fischer, R.-J., Wulfing, C., Poremba, C., Diallo, R., Bocker, W., Kiesel, L. (2004). Endothelin-1-, Endothelin-A-, and Endothelin-B-Receptor Expression Is Correlated with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 2393-2400 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bagnato, A., Rosano, L., Spinella, F., Di Castro, V., Tecce, R., Natali, P. G. (2004). Endothelin B Receptor Blockade Inhibits Dynamics of Cell Interactions and Communications in Melanoma Cell Progression. Cancer Res. 64: 1436-1443 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Diefenbach, K., Nahad, F. A., Meisel, C., Fietze, I., Cascorbi, I., Stangl, K., Landt, O., Kerb, R., Brinkmann, U., Roots, I. (2004). Identification of Twelve Polymorphisms in the Endothelin-1 Gene by Use of Fluorescently Labeled Oligonucleotides and PCR with Restriction Fragment Polymorphism Analysis. Clin. Chem. 50: 448-451 [Full Text]  
• Thaete, L. G., Dewey, E. R., Neerhof, M. G. (2004). Endothelin and the Regulation of Uterine and Placental Perfusion in Hypoxia-Induced Fetal Growth Restriction. Reproductive Sciences 11: 16-21 [Abstract]  
• Tovar, J. M, Gums, J. G (2003). Tezosentan in the Treatment of Acute Heart Failure. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37: 1877-1883 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rich, S., McLaughlin, V. V. (2003). Endothelin Receptor Blockers in Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation 108: 2184-2190 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yin, J. J., Mohammad, K. S., Kakonen, S. M., Harris, S., Wu-Wong, J. R., Wessale, J. L., Padley, R. J., Garrett, I. R., Chirgwin, J. M., Guise, T. A. (2003). From the Cover: A causal role for endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of osteoblastic bone metastases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 10954-10959 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wulfing, P., Diallo, R., Kersting, C., Wulfing, C., Poremba, C., Rody, A., Greb, R. R., Bocker, W., Kiesel, L. (2003). Expression of Endothelin-1, Endothelin-A, and Endothelin-B Receptor in Human Breast Cancer and Correlation with Long-Term Follow-Up. Clin. Cancer Res. 9: 4125-4131 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (2003). {blacktriangledown}Bosentan for pulmonary arterial hypertension. DTB 41: 70-72 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chen, S., Khan, Z. A., Cukiernik, M., Chakrabarti, S. (2003). Differential activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 in increased fibronectin synthesis in target organs of diabetic complications. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 284: E1089-E1097 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• O'Connor, C. M., Gattis, W. A., Adams, K. F. Jr, Hasselblad, V., Chandler, B., Frey, A., Kobrin, I., Rainisio, M., Shah, M. R., Teerlink, J., Gheorghiade, M., RITZ-4 Investigators, (2003). Tezosentan in patients with acuteheart failure and acute coronary syndromes: Results of the randomized intravenous tezosentan study (ritz-4). J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 1452-1457 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Carducci, M. A., Padley, R. J., Breul, J., Vogelzang, N. J., Zonnenberg, B. A., Daliani, D. D., Schulman, C. C., Nabulsi, A. A., Humerickhouse, R. A., Weinberg, M. A., Schmitt, J. L., Nelson, J. B. (2003). Effect of Endothelin-A Receptor Blockade With Atrasentan on Tumor Progression in Men With Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer: A Randomized, Phase II, Placebo-Controlled Trial. JCO 21: 679-689 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chen, S., Mukherjee, S., Chakraborty, C., Chakrabarti, S. (2003). High glucose-induced, endothelin-dependent fibronectin synthesis is mediated via NF-kappa B and AP-1. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 284: C263-C272 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brutsaert, D. L. (2003). Cardiac Endothelial-Myocardial Signaling: Its Role in Cardiac Growth, Contractile Performance, and Rhythmicity. Physiol. Rev. 83: 59-115 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ming, X.-F., Viswambharan, H., Barandier, C., Ruffieux, J., Kaibuchi, K., Rusconi, S., Yang, Z. (2002). Rho GTPase/Rho Kinase Negatively Regulates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Phosphorylation through the Inhibition of Protein Kinase B/Akt in Human Endothelial Cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22: 8467-8477 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mather, K. J., Mirzamohammadi, B., Lteif, A., Steinberg, H. O., Baron, A. D. (2002). Endothelin Contributes to Basal Vascular Tone and Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 51: 3517-3523 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Favier, J., Plouin, P.-F., Corvol, P., Gasc, J.-M. (2002). Angiogenesis and Vascular Architecture in Pheochromocytomas : Distinctive Traits in Malignant Tumors. Am. J. Pathol. 161: 1235-1246 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spinella, F., Rosano, L., Di Castro, V., Natali, P. G., Bagnato, A. (2002). Endothelin-1 Induces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by Increasing Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1alpha in Ovarian Carcinoma Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 27850-27855 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mangiafico, R. A., Malatino, L. S., Attina, T., Messina, R., Fiore, C. E. (2002). Exaggerated Endothelin Release in Response to Acute Mental Stress in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. ANGIOLOGY 53: 383-390 [Abstract]  
• Barua, R. S., Ambrose, J. A., Eales-Reynolds, L.-J., DeVoe, M. C., Zervas, J. G., Saha, D. C. (2002). Heavy and light cigarette smokers have similar dysfunction of endothelial vasoregulatory activity: An in vivo and in vitro correlation. J Am Coll Cardiol 39: 1758-1763 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Oktar, B. K., Gulpinar, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Ghandour, S., Cetinel, S., Moini, H., Yegen, B. C., Bilsel, S., Granger, D. N., Kurtel, H. (2002). Endothelin receptor blockers reduce I/R-induced intestinal mucosal injury: role of blood flow. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 282: G647-G655 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kim, N. H.S., Rubin, L. J. (2002). Endothelin in Health and Disease: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists in the Management of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 7: 9-19 [Abstract]  
• Kawamura, H., Oku, H., Li, Q., Sakagami, K., Puro, D. G. (2002). Endothelin-Induced Changes in the Physiology of Retinal Pericytes. IOVS 43: 882-888 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Del Bufalo, D., Di Castro, V., Biroccio, A., Varmi, M., Salani, D., Rosano, L., Trisciuoglio, D., Spinella, F., Bagnato, A. (2002). Endothelin-1 Protects Ovarian Carcinoma Cells against Paclitaxel-Induced Apoptosis: Requirement for Akt Activation. Mol. Pharmacol. 61: 524-532 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rosano, L., Varmi, M., Salani, D., Di Castro, V., Spinella, F., Giorgio Natali, P., Bagnato, A. (2001). Endothelin-1 Induces Tumor Proteinase Activation and Invasiveness of Ovarian Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Res. 61: 8340-8346 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cowburn, P.J., Cleland, J.G.F. (2001). Endothelin antagonists for chronic heart failure: do they have a role?. Eur Heart J 22: 1772-1784  
• Zouridakis, E.G., Schwartzman, R., Garcia-Moll, X., Cox, I.D., Fredericks, S., Holt, D.W., Kaski, J.C. (2001). Increased plasma endothelin levels in angina patients with rapid coronary artery disease progression. Eur Heart J 22: 1578-1584 [Abstract]  
• BARBERA, J. A., PEINADO, V. I., SANTOS, S., RAMIREZ, J., ROCA, J., RODRIGUEZ-ROISIN, R. (2001). Reduced Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Pulmonary Arteries of Smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164: 709-713 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Abassi, Z. A., Ellahham, S., Winaver, J., Hoffman, A. (2001). The Intrarenal Endothelin System and Hypertension. Physiology 16: 152-156 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, S.-D., Lee, D.-S., Chun, Y.-G., Shim, T.-S., Lim, C.-M., Koh, Y., Kim, W.-S., Kim, D.-S., Kim, W.-D. (2001). Cigarette smoke extract induces endothelin-1 via protein kinase C in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 281: L403-L411 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Seeger, H., Lippert, C., Wallwiener, D., Mueck, A. O (2001). Valsartan and candesartan can inhibit deteriorating effects of angiotensin II on coronary endothelial function. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 2: 141-143 [Abstract]  
• FOSCHI, M., SOROKIN, A., PRATT, P., MCGINTY, A., VILLA, G. L., FRANCHI, F., DUNN, M. J. (2001). PreproEndothelin-1 Expression in Human Mesangial Cells: Evidence for a p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Protein Kinases-C--Dependent Mechanism. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 12: 1137-1150 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Orem, A., Orem, C., Alioglu, Y., Vanizor, B., Erdol, C. (2001). Effect of Coronary Angiography on Plasma Endothelin-1 and Nitric Oxide Concentrations. ANGIOLOGY 52: 231-235 [Abstract]  
• Taner, C. B., Severson, S. R., Best, P. J. M., Lerman, A., Miller, V. M. (2001). Treatment with endothelin-receptor antagonists increases NOS activity in hypercholesterolemia. J. Appl. Physiol. 90: 816-820 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bagnato, A., Rosano, L., Di Castro, V., Albini, A., Salani, D., Varmi, M., Nicotra, M. R., Natali, P. G. (2001). Endothelin Receptor Blockade Inhibits Proliferation of Kaposi's Sarcoma Cells. Am. J. Pathol. 158: 841-847 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Katakam, P. V. G., Pollock, J. S., Pollock, D. M., Ujhelyi, M. R., Miller, A. W. (2001). Enhanced endothelin-1 response and receptor expression in small mesenteric arteries of insulin-resistant rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280: H522-H527 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Elijovich, F., Laffer, C. L., Amador, E., Gavras, H., Bresnahan, M. R., Schiffrin, E. L. (2001). Regulation of Plasma Endothelin by Salt in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Circulation 103: 263-268 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hercule, H. C., Oyekan, A. O. (2000). Role of NO and cytochrome P-450-derived eicosanoids in ET-1-induced changes in intrarenal hemodynamics in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279: R2132-R2141 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Salani, D., Di Castro, V., Nicotra, M. R., Rosano, L., Tecce, R., Venuti, A., Natali, P. G., Bagnato, A. (2000). Role of Endothelin-1 in Neovascularization of Ovarian Carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 157: 1537-1547 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Salani, D., Taraboletti, G., Rosano, L., Di Castro, V., Borsotti, P., Giavazzi, R., Bagnato, A. (2000). Endothelin-1 Induces an Angiogenic Phenotype in Cultured Endothelial Cells and Stimulates Neovascularization In Vivo. Am. J. Pathol. 157: 1703-1711 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Smyth, A E, Bell, A L, Bruce, I N, McGrann, S, Allen, J A (2000). Digital vascular responses and serum endothelin-1 concentrations in primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Ann Rheum Dis 59: 870-874 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Laufs, U., Liao, J. K. (2000). Targeting Rho in Cardiovascular Disease. Circ. Res. 87: 526-528 [Full Text]  
• Kurihara, Y., Kurihara, H., Morita, H., Cao, W.-H., Ling, G.-Y., Kumada, M., Kimura, S., Nagai, R., Yazaki, Y., Kuwaki, T. (2000). Role of endothelin-1 in stress response in the central nervous system. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279: R515-R521 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bilsel, A.S., Moini, H., Tetik, E., Aksungar, F., Kaynak, B., Ozer, A. (2000). 17{beta}-Estradiol modulates endothelin-1 expression and release in human endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 46: 579-584 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• BELLOMO, R., KELLUM, J. A., GANDHI, C. R., PINSKY, M. R., Ondulik, B. (2000). The Effect of Intensive Plasma Water Exchange by Hemofiltration on Hemodynamics and Soluble Mediators in Canine Endotoxemia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161: 1429-1436 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Naredi, S., Lambert, G., Eden, E., Zall, S., Runnerstam, M., Rydenhag, B., Friberg, P. (2000). Increased Sympathetic Nervous Activity in Patients With Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 31: 901-906 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gilbert, R. E., Rumble, J. R., Cao, Z., Cox, A. J., van Eeden, P., Allen, T. J., Kelly, D. J., Cooper, M. E. (2000). Endothelin Receptor Antagonism Ameliorates Mast Cell Infiltration, Vascular Hypertrophy, and Epidermal Growth Factor Expression in Experimental Diabetes. Circ. Res. 86: 158-165 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yousef, Z R, Redwood, S R, Marber, M S (2000). Postinfarction left ventricular remodelling: where are the theories and trials leading us?. Heart 83: 76-80 [Full Text]  
• Tanus-Santos, J. E., Gordo, W. M., Udelsmann, A., Junior, H. M. (2000). The Hemodynamic Effects of Endothelin Receptor Antagonism During a Venous Air Infusion in Dogs. Anesth. Analg. 90: 102-102 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Trumpp, A., Depew, M. J., Rubenstein, J. L.R., Bishop, J. M., Martin, G. R. (1999). Cre-mediated gene inactivation demonstrates that FGF8 is required for cell survival and patterning of the first branchial arch. Genes Dev. 13: 3136-3148 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• MORGERA, S., KUCHINKE, S., BUDDE, K., LUN, A., HOCHER, B., NEUMAYER, H.-H. (1999). Volume Stress-Induced Peritoneal Endothelin-1 Release in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 10: 2585-2590 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Merki-Feld, G. S., Keller, P. J. (1999). Decrease in Endothelin-1 Plasma Levels during the Menstrual Cycle and after Ethinylestradiol Treatment. ANN INTERN MED 131: 394-394 [Full Text]  
• Borst, M. M., Beuthien, W., Schwencke, C., LaRosee, P., Marquetant, R., Haass, M., Kubler, W., Strasser, R. H. (1999). Desensitization of the pulmonary adenylyl cyclase system: A cause of airway hyperresponsiveness in congestive heart failure?. J Am Coll Cardiol 34: 848-856 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cox, I. D., Botker, H. E., Bagger, J. P., Sonne, H. S., Kristensen, B. O, Kaski, J. C. (1999). Elevated endothelin concentrations are associated with reduced coronary vasomotor responses in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms. J Am Coll Cardiol 34: 455-460 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Borries, M., Heins, M., Fischer, Y., Stiegler, H., Peters, A., Reinauer, H., Schoebel, F. C., Strauer, B. E., Leschke, M. (1999). Changes of hemostasis, endogenous fibrinolysis, platelet activation and endothelins after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with stable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 34: 486-493 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tiret, L., Poirier, O., Hallet, V., McDonagh, T. A., Morrison, C., McMurray, J. J. V., Dargie, H. J., Arveiler, D., Ruidavets, J.-B., Luc, G., Evans, A., Cambien, F. (1999). The Lys198Asn Polymorphism in the Endothelin-1 Gene Is Associated With Blood Pressure in Overweight People. Hypertension 33: 1169-1174 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Soma, S., Takahashi, H., Muramatsu, M., Oka, M., Fukuchi, Y. (1999). Localization and Distribution of Endothelin Receptor Subtypes in Pulmonary Vasculature of Normal and Hypoxia-Exposed Rats. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 20: 620-630 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Muramatsu, M., Oka, M., Morio, Y., Soma, S., Takahashi, H., Fukuchi, Y. (1999). Chronic hypoxia augments endothelin-B receptor-mediated vasodilation in isolated perfused rat lungs. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 276: L358-L364 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hasdai, D., Holmes, D. R. Jr., Richardson, D. M., Izhar, U., Lerman, A. (1998). Insulin and IGF-I attenuate the coronary vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin-1 but not of sarafotoxin 6c. Cardiovasc Res 39: 644-650 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wilbert-Lampen, U., Seliger, C., Zilker, T., Arendt, R. M. (1998). Cocaine Increases the Endothelial Release of Immunoreactive Endothelin and Its Concentrations in Human Plasma and Urine : Reversal by Coincubation With {sigma}-Receptor Antagonists. Circulation 98: 385-390 [Abstract] [Full Text]