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Schizophrenia is widely regarded as the most disabling psychiatric disorder, but scientific knowledge about its pathogenesis and treatment has been acquired relatively recently. In the 1950s, half a century after Kraepelin and Bleuler defined the characteristics and course of schizophrenia, the serendipitous discovery of the antipsychotic effects of chlorpromazine ushered in the neuropharmacologic era. The 1970s brought a new understanding of the role of neurotransmitters and the epidemiology of the illness. In the 1980s, the development of brain-imaging techniques allowed investigators to probe abnormalities in the structure and function of the brain in schizophrenia and fueled the development of new
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