FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 334:1649-1655 June 20, 1996 Number 25 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF Purchase this article Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Angiotensins are peptide hormones derived from the protein precursor angiotensinogen by the sequential actions of proteolytic enzymes (Figure 1). The classic pathway of angiotensin synthesis includes a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which occurs not only in plasma but also in the kidneys, brain, adrenal glands, ovaries, and possibly other tissues.¹ The intrarenal renin–angiotensin system affects glomerular filtration, as discussed below, but the importance of angiotensin synthesis in other tissues is not known. Angiotensin II, the principal effector of the renin–angiotensin cascade, can also be synthesized by a pathway that does not require ACE.²

View larger version (40K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Formation of Angiotensins . . . [Full Text of this Article]

 
Nomenclature

Actions of Angiotensins

Angiotensin Receptors

Signal Transduction

Regulation of Angiotensin Receptors and Their Actions

Angiotensin Receptors in Growth and Development

Mechanism of Action of Angiotensin-Receptor Antagonists

Clinical Trials of Angiotensin-Receptor Antagonists

Efficacy in Treating Hypertension

Renal Effects

Heart Failure and Hypertrophy

Endocrine and Metabolic Effects

Speculations and Uncertainties

Source Information

From the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital and the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison (T.L.G., M.E.E.); and the Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (K.J.C.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Goodfriend at the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terr., Madison, WI 53705.

References

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Miyazaki, R., Ichiki, T., Hashimoto, T., Inanaga, K., Imayama, I., Sadoshima, J., Sunagawa, K. (2008). SIRT1, a Longevity Gene, Downregulates Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 1263-1269 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thieme, K., Eguti, D. M. N., Mello-Aires, M., Oliveira-Souza, M. (2008). The effect of angiotensin II on intracellular pH is mediated by AT1 receptor translocation. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 295: C138-C145 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ogihara, T., Nakao, K., Fukui, T., Fukiyama, K., Ueshima, K., Oba, K., Sato, T., Saruta, T., for the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Eval, (2008). Effects of Candesartan Compared With Amlodipine in Hypertensive Patients With High Cardiovascular Risks: Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan Trial. Hypertension 51: 393-398 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Suzuki, K., Han, G. D., Miyauchi, N., Hashimoto, T., Nakatsue, T., Fujioka, Y., Koike, H., Shimizu, F., Kawachi, H. (2007). Angiotensin II Type 1 and Type 2 Receptors Play Opposite Roles in Regulating the Barrier Function of Kidney Glomerular Capillary Wall. Am. J. Pathol. 170: 1841-1853 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tone, A., Shikata, K., Ogawa, D., Sasaki, S., Nagase, R., Sasaki, M., Yozai, K., Kataoka Usui, H., Okada, S., Wada, J., Shikata, Y., Makino, H. (2007). Changes of gene expression profiles in macrophages stimulated by angiotensin II -- Angiotensin II induces MCP-2 through AT1-receptor. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 8: 45-50 [Abstract]  
• Ramchandran, R., Takezako, T., Saad, Y., Stull, L., Fink, B., Yamada, H., Dikalov, S., Harrison, D. G., Moravec, C., Karnik, S. S. (2006). Angiotensinergic stimulation of vascular endothelium in mice causes hypotension, bradycardia, and attenuated angiotensin response. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 19087-19092 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Oh, Y. J., Lee, J. H., Nam, S. B., Shim, J. K., Song, J. H., Kwak, Y. L. (2006). Effects of chronic angiotensin II receptor antagonist and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatments on neurohormonal levels and haemodynamics during cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Anaesth 97: 792-798 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fukuyama, K., Ichiki, T., Imayama, I., Ohtsubo, H., Ono, H., Hashiguchi, Y., Takeshita, A., Sunagawa, K. (2006). Thyroid Hormone Inhibits Vascular Remodeling Through Suppression of cAMP Response Element Binding Protein Activity. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 26: 2049-2055 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Marrero, M. B., Banes-Berceli, A. K., Stern, D. M., Eaton, D. C. (2006). Role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 290: F762-F768 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McMurray, J., Solomon, S., Pieper, K., Reed, S., Rouleau, J., Velazquez, E., White, H., Howlett, J., Swedberg, K., Maggioni, A., Kober, L., Van de Werf, F., Califf, R., Pfeffer, M. (2006). The Effect of Valsartan, Captopril, or Both on Atherosclerotic Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT). J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 726-733 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guo, S., Lopez-Ilasaca, M., Dzau, V. J. (2005). Identification of Calcium-modulating Cyclophilin Ligand (CAML) as Transducer of Angiotensin II-mediated Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells (NFAT) Activation. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 12536-12541 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Siragy, H. M., Xue, C., Abadir, P., Carey, R. M. (2005). Angiotensin Subtype-2 Receptors Inhibit Renin Biosynthesis and Angiotensin II Formation. Hypertension 45: 133-137 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McMurray, J. J.V., Pfeffer, M. A., Swedberg, K., Dzau, V. J. (2004). Which Inhibitor of the Renin-Angiotensin System Should Be Used in Chronic Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction?. Circulation 110: 3281-3288 [Full Text]  
• Lee, V. C., Rhew, D. C., Dylan, M., Badamgarav, E., Braunstein, G. D., Weingarten, S. R. (2004). Meta-Analysis: Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers in Chronic Heart Failure and High-Risk Acute Myocardial Infarction. ANN INTERN MED 141: 693-704 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Marrero, M. B., Fulton, D., Stepp, D., Stern, D. M. (2004). Angiotensin II-Induced Insulin Resistance and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 24: 2009-2013 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Young, J. B., Dunlap, M. E., Pfeffer, M. A., Probstfield, J. L., Cohen-Solal, A., Dietz, R., Granger, C. B., Hradec, J., Kuch, J., McKelvie, R. S., McMurray, J. J.V., Michelson, E. L., Olofsson, B., Ostergren, J., Held, P., Solomon, S. D., Yusuf, S., Swedberg, K., for the Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of, (2004). Mortality and Morbidity Reduction With Candesartan in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: Results of the CHARM Low-Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Trials. Circulation 110: 2618-2626 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nagata, D., Takeda, R., Sata, M., Satonaka, H., Suzuki, E., Nagano, T., Hirata, Y. (2004). AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibits Angiotensin II-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Circulation 110: 444-451 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kurdi, M., Cerutti, C., Randon, J., McGregor, L., Bricca, G. (2004). Macroarray analysis in the hypertrophic left ventricle of renin-dependent hypertensive rats: identification of target genes for renin. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 5: 72-78 [Abstract]  
• Hashimoto, N., Maeshima, Y., Satoh, M., Odawara, M., Sugiyama, H., Kashihara, N., Matsubara, H., Yamasaki, Y., Makino, H. (2004). Overexpression of angiotensin type 2 receptor ameliorates glomerular injury in a mouse remnant kidney model. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 286: F516-F525 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mussa, S., Guzik, T. J., Black, E., Dipp, M. A., Channon, K. M., Taggart, D. P. (2003). Comparative efficacies and durations of action of phenoxybenzamine, verapamil/nitroglycerin solution, and papaverine as topical antispasmodics for radial artery coronary bypass grafting. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 126: 1798-1805 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pfeffer, M. A., McMurray, J. J.V., Velazquez, E. J., Rouleau, J.-L., Kober, L., Maggioni, A. P., Solomon, S. D., Swedberg, K., Van de Werf, F., White, H., Leimberger, J. D., Henis, M., Edwards, S., Zelenkofske, S., Sellers, M. A., Califf, R. M., the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial, (2003). Valsartan, Captopril, or Both in Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Heart Failure, Left Ventricular Dysfunction, or Both. NEJM 349: 1893-1906 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chen, R., Iwai, M., Wu, L., Suzuki, J., Min, L.-J., Shiuchi, T., Sugaya, T., Liu, H.-W., Cui, T.-X., Horiuchi, M. (2003). Important Role of Nitric Oxide in the Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Imidapril on Vascular Injury. Hypertension 42: 542-547 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shaw, S. S., Schmidt, A. M., Banes, A. K., Wang, X., Stern, D. M., Marrero, M. B. (2003). S100B-RAGE-Mediated Augmentation of Angiotensin II-Induced Activation of JAK2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Dependent on PLD2. Diabetes 52: 2381-2388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shaw, S., Wang, X., Redd, H., Alexander, G. D., Isales, C. M., Marrero, M. B. (2003). High Glucose Augments the Angiotensin II-induced Activation of JAK2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via the Polyol Pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 30634-30641 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Siragy, H. M., Awad, A., Abadir, P., Webb, R. (2003). The Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Mediates Renal Interstitial Content of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} in Diabetic Rats. Endocrinology 144: 2229-2233 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pfeffer, M.A. (2003). The intersection between acute coronary syndrome and heart failure. Eur Heart J Suppl 5: C19-C23 [Abstract]  
• Agarwal, R. (2003). Proinflammatory effects of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: role of additional angiotensin II blockade. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 284: F863-F869 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Segura, J., Praga, M., Campo, C., Rodicio, J. L, Ruilope, L. M (2003). Combination is better than monotherapy with ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor antagonist at recommended doses. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 4: 43-47 [Abstract]  
• Motley, E. D., Eguchi, K., Gardner, C., Hicks, A. L., Reynolds, C. M., Frank, G. D., Mifune, M., Ohba, M., Eguchi, S. (2003). Insulin-Induced Akt Activation Is Inhibited by Angiotensin II in the Vasculature Through Protein Kinase C-{alpha}. Hypertension 41: 775-780 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Li, Z., Iwai, M., Wu, L., Shiuchi, T., Jinno, T., Cui, T.-X., Horiuchi, M. (2003). Role of AT2 receptor in the brain in regulation of blood pressure and water intake. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 284: H116-H121 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gupta, S., Purcell, N. H., Lin, A., Sen, S. (2002). Activation of nuclear factor-{kappa}B is necessary for myotrophin-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J. Cell Biol. 159: 1019-1028 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Volpe, M., Savoia, C., De Paolis, P., Ostrowska, B., Tarasi, D., Rubattu, S. (2002). The Renin-Angiotensin System as a Risk Factor and Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular and Renal Disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13: S173-178 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ryckwaert, F., Colson, P., Andre, E., Perrigault, P.-F., Guillon, G., Barberis, C. (2002). Haemodynamic effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor antagonist during hypovolaemia in the anaesthetized pig. Br J Anaesth 89: 599-604 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Frank, G. D., Saito, S., Motley, E. D., Sasaki, T., Ohba, M., Kuroki, T., Inagami, T., Eguchi, S. (2002). Requirement of Ca2+ and PKC{delta} for Janus Kinase 2 Activation by Angiotensin II: Involvement of PYK2. Mol. Endocrinol. 16: 367-377 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ichiki, T., Takeda, K., Tokunou, T., Iino, N., Egashira, K., Shimokawa, H., Hirano, K., Kanaide, H., Takeshita, A. (2001). Downregulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor by Hydrophobic 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 21: 1896-1901 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Veal, N., Moal, F., Wang, J., Vuillemin, E., Oberti, F., Roy, E., Kaassis, M., Trouve, R., Saumet, J.-L., Cales, P. (2001). New method of cardiac output measurement using ultrasound velocity dilution in rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 91: 1274-1282 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rouleau, J. L., Kapuku, G., Pelletier, S., Gosselin, H., Adam, A., Gagnon, C., Lambert, C., Meloche, S. (2001). Cardioprotective Effects of Ramipril and Losartan in Right Ventricular Pressure Overload in the Rabbit: Importance of Kinins and Influence on Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Signaling Pathway. Circulation 104: 939-944 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Seeger, H., Lippert, C., Wallwiener, D., Mueck, A. O (2001). Valsartan and candesartan can inhibit deteriorating effects of angiotensin II on coronary endothelial function. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 2: 141-143 [Abstract]  
• Varagic, J., Susic, D., Frohlich, E. D. (2001). Coronary Hemodynamic and Ventricular Responses to Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Inhibition in SHR : Interaction With Angiotensin Type 2 Receptors. Hypertension 37: 1399-1403 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Takeda, K., Ichiki, T., Tokunou, T., Iino, N., Fujii, S., Kitabatake, A., Shimokawa, H., Takeshita, A. (2001). Critical Role of Rho-Kinase and MEK/ERK Pathways for Angiotensin II-Induced Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 Gene Expression. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 21: 868-873 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Moore, A. F., Heiderstadt, N. T., Huang, E., Howell, N. L., Wang, Z.-Q., Siragy, H. M., Carey, R. M. (2001). Selective Inhibition of the Renal Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Increases Blood Pressure in Conscious Rats. Hypertension 37: 1285-1291 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jamali, A. H., Tang, W. H. W., Khot, U. N., Fowler, M. B. (2001). The Role of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in the Management of Chronic Heart Failure. Arch Intern Med 161: 667-672 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hunyady, L., Gaborik, Z., Vauquelin, G., Catt, K. J (2001). Review: Structural requirements for signalling and regulation of AT1-receptors. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 2: S16-S23  
• Raij, L. (2001). Workshop: Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors : Role of the Angiotensin II-Nitric Oxide Interaction. Hypertension 37: 767-773 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Takeda, K., Ichiki, T., Tokunou, T., Funakoshi, Y., Iino, N., Hirano, K., Kanaide, H., Takeshita, A. (2000). Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {gamma} Activators Downregulate Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Circulation 102: 1834-1839 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alderborn, A., Kristofferson, A., Hammerling, U. (2000). Determination of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms by Real-time Pyrophosphate DNA Sequencing. Genome Res 10: 1249-1258 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tang, H., Nishishita, T., Fitzgerald, T., Landon, E. J., Inagami, T. (2000). Inhibition of AT1 Receptor Internalization by Concanavalin A Blocks Angiotensin II-induced ERK Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. INVOLVEMENT OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR PROTEOLYSIS BUT NOT AT1 RECEPTOR INTERNALIZATION. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 13420-13426 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tang, H., Zhao, Z. J., Landon, E. J., Inagami, T. (2000). Regulation of Calcium-sensitive Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 by Angiotensin II in Endothelial Cells. ROLES OF Yes TYROSINE KINASE AND TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE SHP-2. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 8389-8396 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Calvino, J., Lens, X. M., Romero, R., Sanchez-Guisande, D. (2000). Long-term anti-proteinuric effect of Losartan in renal transplant recipients treated for hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15: 82-86 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yousef, Z R, Redwood, S R, Marber, M S (2000). Postinfarction left ventricular remodelling: where are the theories and trials leading us?. Heart 83: 76-80 [Full Text]  
• Carey, R. M., Wang, Z.-Q., Siragy, H. M. (2000). Role of the Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor in the Regulation of Blood Pressure and Renal Function. Hypertension 35: 155-163 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Colson, P., Ryckwaert, F., Coriat, P. (1999). Renin Angiotensin System Antagonists and Anesthesia. Anesth. Analg. 89: 1143-1143 [Full Text]  
• Lynch, J. J. Jr., Stump, G. L., Wallace, A. A., Painter, C. A., Thomas, J. M., Kusma, S. E., Gould, R. J., Grossman, W. (1999). EXP3174, the AII antagonist human metabolite of losartan, but not losartan nor the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, prevents the development of lethal ischemic ventricular arrhythmias in a canine model of recent myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 34: 876-884 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Siragy, H. M., Inagami, T., Ichiki, T., Carey, R. M. (1999). Sustained hypersensitivity to angiotensin II and its mechanism in mice lacking the subtype-2 (AT2) angiotensin receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 6506-6510 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Krebs, M. O., Krohn, T., Boemke, W., Mohnhaupt, R., Kaczmarczyk, G. (1999). Renal and hemodynamic effects of losartan in conscious dogs during controlled mechanical ventilation. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 276: F425-F432 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• KASHYAP, A S, MATHEW;, I, GIBBS, C., LIP, G. Y., BEEVERS, D G. (1999). ACE inhibitors and angioedema. Postgrad. Med. J. 75: 188c-188 [Full Text]  
• Song, L., Healy, D. P. (1999). Kidney Aminopeptidase A and Hypertension, Part II : Effects of Angiotensin II. Hypertension 33: 746-752 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eguchi, S., Iwasaki, H., Inagami, T., Numaguchi, K., Yamakawa, T., Motley, E. D., Owada, K. M., Marumo, F., Hirata, Y. (1999). Involvement of PYK2 in Angiotensin II Signaling of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Hypertension 33: 201-206 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Patel, J. M., Martens, J. R., Li, Y. D., Gelband, C. H., Raizada, M. K., Block, E. R. (1998). Angiotensin IV receptor-mediated activation of lung endothelial NOS is associated with vasorelaxation. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 275: L1061-L1068 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thurmann, P. A., Kenedi, P., Schmidt, A., Harder, S., Rietbrock, N. (1998). Influence of the Angiotensin II Antagonist Valsartan on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Essential Hypertension. Circulation 98: 2037-2042 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brodsky, S., Gurbanov, K., Abassi, Z., Hoffman, A., Ruffolo, R. R. Jr, Feuerstein, G. Z., Winaver, J. (1998). Effects of Eprosartan on Renal Function and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats With Experimental Heart Failure. Hypertension 32: 746-752 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thekkumkara, T. J., Cookson, R., Linas, S. L. (1998). Angiotensin (AT1A) receptor-mediated increases in transcellular sodium transport in proximal tubule cells. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 274: F897-F905 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eguchi, S., Numaguchi, K., Iwasaki, H., Matsumoto, T., Yamakawa, T., Utsunomiya, H., Motley, E. D., Kawakatsu, H., Owada, K. M., Hirata, Y., Marumo, F., Inagami, T. (1998). Calcium-dependent Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation Mediates the Angiotensin II-induced Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 8890-8896 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wharton, J., Morgan, K., Rutherford, R. A. D., Catravas, J. D., Chester, A., Whitehead, B. F., Leval, M. R. D., Yacoub, M. H., Polak, J. M. (1998). Differential Distribution of Angiotensin AT2 Receptors in the Normal and Failing Human Heart. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 284: 323-336 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ozono, R., Wang, Z.-Q., Moore, A. F., Inagami, T., Siragy, H. M., Carey, R. M. (1997). Expression of the Subtype 2 Angiotensin (AT2) Receptor Protein in Rat Kidney. Hypertension 30: 1238-1246 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Li, H.-T., Long, C. S., Gray, M. O., Rokosh, D. G., Honbo, N. Y., Karliner, J. S. (1997). Cross Talk Between Angiotensin AT1 and {alpha}1-Adrenergic Receptors : Angiotensin II Downregulates {alpha}1a-Adrenergic Receptor Subtype mRNA and Density in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes. Circ. Res. 81: 396-403 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Elliott, M. E., Goodfriend, T. L., Ball, D. L., Jefcoate, C. R. (1997). Angiotensin-Responsive Adrenal Glomerulosa Cell Proteins: Characterization by Protease Mapping, Species Comparison, and Specific Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists. Endocrinology 138: 2530-2536 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Raiden, S., Giordano, M., Andonegui, G., Trevani, A. S., López, D. H., Nahmod, V., Geffner, J. R. (1997). Losartan, a Selective Inhibitor of Subtype AT1 Receptors for Angiotensin II, Inhibits the Binding of N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine to Neutrophil Receptors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281: 624-628 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fiad, T. M., Cunningham, S. K., Hayes, F. J., McKenna, T. J. (1997). Effects of Nifedipine Treatment on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82: 457-460 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pavletic, A., Gabb, G. M., Marinella, M. A., Smith, D. C., Gregory, K. W.P., Davis, R. C. (1996). Angioedema of the Intestine. NEJM 335: 1534-1535 [Full Text]  
• Zhang, M., Zhao, X., Chen, H.-C., Catt, K. J., Hunyady, L. (2000). Activation of the AT1 Angiotensin Receptor Is Dependent on Adjacent Apolar Residues in the Carboxyl Terminus of the Third Cytoplasmic Loop. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 15782-15788 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eguchi, S., Dempsey, P. J., Frank, G. D., Motley, E. D., Inagami, T. (2001). Activation of MAPKs by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. METALLOPROTEASE-DEPENDENT EGF RECEPTOR ACTIVATION IS REQUIRED FOR ACTIVATION OF ERK AND p38 MAPK BUT NOT FOR JNK. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 7957-7962 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Satoh, K., Ichihara, K., Landon, E. J., Inagami, T., Tang, H. (2001). 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Block Calcium-dependent Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 Activation by Angiotensin II in Vascular Endothelial Cells. INVOLVEMENT OF GERANYLGERANYLATION OF SMALL G PROTEIN Rap1. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 15761-15767 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, S. S., Chiu, T., Rozengurt, E. (2002). ANG II and LPA induce Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation in intestinal epithelial cells: role of Ca2+, PKC, and Rho kinase. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 282: C1432-C1444 [Abstract] [Full Text]