The Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand and Receptor Families

doi:10.1056/NEJM199606273342607

Volume 334:1717-1725		June 27, 1996		Number 26

The Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand and Receptor Families

Flavia Bazzoni, Ph.D., and Bruce Beutler, M.D.

Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

Full Text

PDF

Purchase this article

Add to Personal Archive

Add to Citation Manager

Notify a Friend

E-mail When Cited

PubMed Citation

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin- ${alpha}$ were isolated morethan 10 years ago, on the basis of their ability to kill tumorcells in vitro and to cause hemorrhagic necrosis of transplantabletumors in mice.¹ The complementary DNAs and genes encoding eachprotein were cloned immediately thereafter.²^,³ Concurrently,a factor known as cachectin was isolated from mouse macrophages,sequenced, and shown to be identical to TNF.⁴^,⁵ Cachectin wasidentified not as a cytolysin, but as a catabolic hormone thatsuppressed the expression of lipoprotein lipase and other anabolicenzymes in fat.⁶^,⁷^,⁸ Still other studies demonstrated the powerfulpro-inflammatory effects of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

The TNF-Ligand and TNF-Receptor Families

Functions of TNF Ligands and Receptors

How the Receptors Work

Proteins Used by the TNF-Receptor Family for Signal Transduction

Clinical Effects of TNF and Lymphotoxin- ${alpha}$ Blockade

The Future of TNF

Discussion

Source Information

From Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75235-9050, where reprint requests should be addressed to Dr. Beutler.

References

This article has been cited by other articles:

Smith, A. M., Rahman, F. Z., Hayee, B., Graham, S. J., Marks, D. J.B., Sewell, G. W., Palmer, C. D., Wilde, J., Foxwell, B. M.J., Gloger, I. S., Sweeting, T., Marsh, M., Walker, A. P., Bloom, S. L., Segal, A. W. (2009). Disordered macrophage cytokine secretion underlies impaired acute inflammation and bacterial clearance in Crohn's disease. JEM 206: 1883-1897 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chakravarti, A., Raquil, M.-A., Tessier, P., Poubelle, P. E. (2009). Surface RANKL of Toll-like receptor 4-stimulated human neutrophils activates osteoclastic bone resorption. Blood 114: 1633-1644 [Abstract] [Full Text]
(2009). So, what exactly is a cytokine?. DTB 47: 89-91 [Abstract] [Full Text]
YAPIJAKIS, C., SEREFOGLOU, Z., VYLLIOTIS, A., NKENKE, E., DERKA, S., VASSILIOU, S., AVGOUSTIDIS, D., NEUKAM, F. W., PATSOURIS, E., VAIRAKTARIS, E. (2009). Association of Polymorphisms in Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Beta Genes with Increased Risk for Oral Cancer. Anticancer Res 29: 2379-2386 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chen, L.-Y., Pan, W. W., Chen, M., Li, J.-D., Liu, W., Chen, G., Huang, S., Papadimos, T. J., Pan, Z. K. (2009). Synergistic Induction of Inflammation by Bacterial Products Lipopolysaccharide and fMLP: An Important Microbial Pathogenic Mechanism. J. Immunol. 182: 2518-2524 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Zhang, Y., Gavriil, M., Lucas, J., Mandiyan, S., Follettie, M., Diesl, V., Sum, F.-W., Powell, D., Haney, S., Abraham, R., Arndt, K. (2008). I{kappa}B{alpha} Kinase Inhibitor IKI-1 Conferred Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} Sensitivity to Pancreatic Cancer Cells and a Xenograft Tumor Model. Cancer Res. 68: 9519-9524 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ramadan, R. T., Moyer, A. L., Callegan, M. C. (2008). A Role for Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} in Experimental Bacillus cereus Endophthalmitis Pathogenesis. IOVS 49: 4482-4489 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ban, L., Zhang, J., Wang, L., Kuhtreiber, W., Burger, D., Faustman, D. L. (2008). Selective death of autoreactive T cells in human diabetes by TNF or TNF receptor 2 agonism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 13644-13649 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wijbrandts, C A, Dijkgraaf, M G W, Kraan, M C, Vinkenoog, M, Smeets, T J, Dinant, H, Vos, K, Lems, W F, Wolbink, G J, Sijpkens, D, Dijkmans, B A C, Tak, P P (2008). The clinical response to infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis is in part dependent on pretreatment tumour necrosis factor {alpha} expression in the synovium. Ann Rheum Dis 67: 1139-1144 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Guruvayoorappan, C. (2008). Tumor Versus Tumor-Associated Macrophages: How Hot is the Link?. Integr Cancer Ther 7: 90-95 [Abstract]
Du, X., She, E., Gelbart, T., Truksa, J., Lee, P., Xia, Y., Khovananth, K., Mudd, S., Mann, N., Moresco, E. M. Y., Beutler, E., Beutler, B. (2008). The Serine Protease TMPRSS6 Is Required to Sense Iron Deficiency. Science 320: 1088-1092 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Farasat, S., Aksentijevich, I., Toro, J. R. (2008). Autoinflammatory Diseases: Clinical and Genetic Advances. Arch Dermatol 144: 392-402 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Stonek, F., Bentz, E.-K., Hafner, E., Metzenbauer, M., Philipp, K., Hefler, L. A., Tempfer, C. B. (2007). A Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} Promoter Polymorphism and Pregnancy Complications: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study in 1652 Pregnant Women. Reproductive Sciences 14: 425-429 [Abstract]
Sfikakis, P. P., Markomichelakis, N., Alpsoy, E., Assaad-Khalil, S., Bodaghi, B., Gul, A., Ohno, S., Pipitone, N., Schirmer, M., Stanford, M., Wechsler, B., Zouboulis, C., Kaklamanis, P., Yazici, H. (2007). Anti-TNF therapy in the management of Behcet's disease--review and basis for recommendations. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46: 736-741 [Full Text]
Chen, L.-M., Kuo, W.-W., Yang, J.-J., Wang, S.-G. P., Yeh, Y.-L., Tsai, F.-J., Ho, Y.-J., Chang, M.-H., Huang, C.-Y., Lee, S.-D. (2007). Heart/Cardiac Muscle: Eccentric cardiac hypertrophy was induced by long-term intermittent hypoxia in rats. Exp Physiol 92: 409-416 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Testa, U., Riccioni, R. (2007). Deregulation of apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. haematol 92: 81-94 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Demedts, I. K., Bracke, K. R., Maes, T., Joos, G. F., Brusselle, G. G. (2006). Different Roles for Human Lung Dendritic Cell Subsets in Pulmonary Immune Defense Mechanisms. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 35: 387-393 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Riha, H., Hubacek, J. A., Poledne, R., Kellovsky, P., Brezina, A., Pirk, J. (2006). IL-10 and TNF-beta gene polymorphisms have no major influence on lactate levels after cardiac surgery.. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 30: 54-58 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Uygur, D., Aytan, H., Zergeroglu, S., Batioglu, S. (2006). Leflunomide--an Immunomodulator--Induces Regression of Endometrial Explants in a Rat Model of Endometriosis. Reproductive Sciences 13: 378-383 [Abstract]
D'hulst, A. I., Bracke, K. R., Maes, T., De Bleecker, J. L., Pauwels, R. A., Joos, G. F., Brusselle, G. G. (2006). Role of tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} receptor p75 in cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation and emphysema. Eur Respir J 28: 102-112 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Zwergal, A., Quirling, M., Saugel, B., Huth, K. C., Sydlik, C., Poli, V., Neumeier, D., Ziegler-Heitbrock, H. W. L., Brand, K. (2006). C/EBPbeta Blocks p65 Phosphorylation and Thereby NF-{kappa}B-Mediated Transcription in TNF-Tolerant Cells. J. Immunol. 177: 665-672 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Garton, K. J., Gough, P. J., Raines, E. W. (2006). Emerging roles for ectodomain shedding in the regulation of inflammatory responses. J. Leukoc. Biol. 79: 1105-1116 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Good, M., Newell, F. M, Haupt, L. M, Whitehead, J. P, Hutley, L. J, Prins, J. B (2006). TNF and TNF receptor expression and insulin sensitivity in human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue -- influence of BMI and adipose distribution. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 3: 26-33 [Abstract]
Choi, S.-H., Park, K.-J., Ahn, B.-Y., Jung, G., Lai, M. M. C., Hwang, S. B. (2006). Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural 5B Protein Regulates Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Signaling through Effects on Cellular I{kappa}B Kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26: 3048-3059 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Suto, H., Nakae, S., Kakurai, M., Sedgwick, J. D., Tsai, M., Galli, S. J. (2006). Mast Cell-Associated TNF Promotes Dendritic Cell Migration. J. Immunol. 176: 4102-4112 [Abstract] [Full Text]
van Horssen, R., ten Hagen, T. L. M., Eggermont, A. M. M. (2006). TNF-{alpha} in Cancer Treatment: Molecular Insights, Antitumor Effects, and Clinical Utility.. The Oncologist 11: 397-408 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Genovese, T., Mazzon, E., Crisafulli, C., Di Paola, R., Muia, C., Bramanti, P., Cuzzocrea, S. (2006). Immunomodulatory Effects of Etanercept in an Experimental Model of Spinal Cord Injury. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 316: 1006-1016 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Stone, G. W., Barzee, S., Snarsky, V., Kee, K., Spina, C. A., Yu, X.-F., Kornbluth, R. S. (2006). Multimeric Soluble CD40 Ligand and GITR Ligand as Adjuvants for Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA Vaccines. J. Virol. 80: 1762-1772 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Nakae, S., Suto, H., Iikura, M., Kakurai, M., Sedgwick, J. D., Tsai, M., Galli, S. J. (2006). Mast Cells Enhance T Cell Activation: Importance of Mast Cell Costimulatory Molecules and Secreted TNF. J. Immunol. 176: 2238-2248 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Yende, S, Waterer, G W, Tolley, E A, Newman, A B, Bauer, D C, Taaffe, D R, Jensen, R, Crapo, R, Rubin, S, Nevitt, M, Simonsick, E M, Satterfield, S, Harris, T, Kritchevsky, S B (2006). Inflammatory markers are associated with ventilatory limitation and muscle dysfunction in obstructive lung disease in well functioning elderly subjects. Thorax 61: 10-16 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Deutschmann, A., Mache, C. J., Bodo, K., Zebedin, D., Ring, E. (2005). Successful Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis With Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Blockage. Pediatrics 116: 1231-1233 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Suriano, A. R., Sanford, A. N., Kim, N., Oh, M., Kennedy, S., Henderson, M. J., Dietzmann, K., Sullivan, K. E. (2005). GCF2/LRRFIP1 Represses Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25: 9073-9081 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sarzi-Puttini, P, Atzeni, F, Doria, A, Iaccarino, L, Turiel, M (2005). Tumor necrosis factor-a, biologic agents and cardiovascular risk. Lupus 14: 780-784 [Abstract]
Murata, T., Hori, M., Lee, S., Nakamura, A., Kohama, K., Karaki, H., Ozaki, H. (2005). Vascular Endothelium Has a Local Anti-Adenovirus Vector System and Glucocorticoid Optimizes Its Gene Transduction. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 25: 1796-1803 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Reed, J. C., Pellecchia, M. (2005). Apoptosis-based therapies for hematologic malignancies. Blood 106: 408-418 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lundblad, L. K. A., Thompson-Figueroa, J., Leclair, T., Sullivan, M. J., Poynter, M. E., Irvin, C. G., Bates, J. H. T. (2005). Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Overexpression in Lung Disease: A Single Cause behind a Complex Phenotype. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171: 1363-1370 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Li, M., Georgakopoulos, D., Lu, G., Hester, L., Kass, D. A., Hasday, J., Wang, Y. (2005). p38 MAP Kinase Mediates Inflammatory Cytokine Induction in Cardiomyocytes and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Heart. Circulation 111: 2494-2502 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Nakae, S., Suto, H., Kakurai, M., Sedgwick, J. D., Tsai, M., Galli, S. J. (2005). Mast cells enhance T cell activation: Importance of mast cell-derived TNF. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 6467-6472 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kuo, N.-W., Lympany, P. A., Menezo, V., Lagan, A. L., John, S., Yeo, T. K., Liyanage, S., du Bois, R. M., Welsh, K. I., Lightman, S. (2005). TNF-857T, a Genetic Risk Marker for Acute Anterior Uveitis. IOVS 46: 1565-1571 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gustot, T, Lemmers, A, Louis, E, Nicaise, C, Quertinmont, E, Belaiche, J, Roland, S, Van Gossum, A, Deviere, J, Franchimont, D (2005). Profile of soluble cytokine receptors in Crohn's disease. Gut 54: 488-495 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Luque-Ramirez, M., San Millan, J. L. (2005). The Molecular-Genetic Basis of Functional Hyperandrogenism and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocr. Rev. 26: 251-282 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Dai, H., Guzman, J., Chen, B., Costabel, U. (2005). Production of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors and Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} by Alveolar Macrophages in Sarcoidosis and Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis. Chest 127: 251-256 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Giles, J. T., Bathon, J. M. (2004). Serious Infections Associated with Anticytokine Therapies in the Rheumatic Diseases. J Intensive Care Med 19: 320-334 [Abstract]
Branen, L., Hovgaard, L., Nitulescu, M., Bengtsson, E., Nilsson, J., Jovinge, S. (2004). Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Reduces Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 24: 2137-2142 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Niederkorn, J. Y., Mayhew, E., Mellon, J., Hegde, S. (2004). Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Expression in Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID) and Corneal Allograft Survival. IOVS 45: 2674-2681 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Deb, S., Amin, S., Imir, A. G., Yilmaz, M. B., Suzuki, T., Sasano, H., Bulun, S. E. (2004). Estrogen Regulates Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors in Breast Adipose Fibroblasts. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89: 4018-4024 [Abstract] [Full Text]
De Freitas, I., Fernandez-Somoza, M., Essenfeld-Sekler, E., Cardier, J. E. (2004). Serum Levels of the Apoptosis-Associated Molecules, Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}/Tumor Necrosis Factor Type-I Receptor and Fas/FasL, in Sepsis. Chest 125: 2238-2246 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Olsen, N. J., Stein, C. M. (2004). New Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis. NEJM 350: 2167-2179 [Full Text]
Sung, C. K., She, H., Xiong, S., Tsukamoto, H. (2004). Tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} activity at a posttranslational level in hepatic stellate cells. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 286: G722-G729 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Watanabe, T., Jono, H., Han, J., Lim, D. J., Li, J.-D. (2004). Synergistic activation of NF-{kappa}B by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and tumor necrosis factor {alpha}. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 3563-3568 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wright, T. W., Pryhuber, G. S., Chess, P. R., Wang, Z., Notter, R. H., Gigliotti, F. (2004). TNF Receptor Signaling Contributes to Chemokine Secretion, Inflammation, and Respiratory Deficits during Pneumocystis Pneumonia. J. Immunol. 172: 2511-2521 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Joshipura, K.J., Wand, H.C., Merchant, A.T., Rimm, E.B. (2004). Periodontal Disease and Biomarkers Related to Cardiovascular Disease. JDR 83: 151-155 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gambelli, F., Di, P., Niu, X., Friedman, M., Hammond, T., Riches, D. W. H., Ortiz, L. A. (2004). Phosphorylation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (p55) Protects Macrophages from Silica-induced Apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 2020-2029 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Marra, L. E., Zhang, Z. X., Joe, B., Campbell, J., Levy, G. A., Penninger, J., Zhang, L. (2004). IL-10 Induces Regulatory T Cell Apoptosis by Up-Regulation of the Membrane Form of TNF-{alpha}. J. Immunol. 172: 1028-1035 [Abstract] [Full Text]
McNamara, P.S., Flanagan, B.F., Selby, A.M., Hart, C.A., Smyth, R.L. (2004). Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Eur Respir J 23: 106-112 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Dobrzanski, M. J., Reome, J. B., Hollenbaugh, J. A., Hylind, J. C., Dutton, R. W. (2004). Effector Cell-Derived Lymphotoxin {alpha} and Fas Ligand, but not Perforin, Promote Tc1 and Tc2 Effector Cell-Mediated Tumor Therapy in Established Pulmonary Metastases. Cancer Res. 64: 406-414 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Jolicoeur, P., Hu, C., Mak, T. W., Martinou, J.-C., Kay, D. G. (2003). Protection against Murine Leukemia Virus-Induced Spongiform Myeloencephalopathy in Mice Overexpressing Bcl-2 but Not in Mice Deficient for Interleukin-6, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthetase, ICE, Fas, Fas Ligand, or TNF-R1 Genes. J. Virol. 77: 13161-13170 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fujita, M., Shannon, J. M., Morikawa, O., Gauldie, J., Hara, N., Mason, R. J. (2003). Overexpression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Diminishes Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Bleomycin or Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 29: 669-676 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Abraham, E. (2003). Computational Design of Variant TNF Molecules: A Novel Methodology for Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cascades. Sci Signal 2003: pe51-pe51 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Spears, R., Oakes, R., Moore, C., Bellinger, L.L., Hutchins, B. (2003). A Determination of Tumor Necrosis Factor Expression in TMJ Inflammation with the Use of Microarray Analysis. JDR 82: 807-813 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Krajcik, R. A., Massardo, S., Orentreich, N. (2003). No Association between Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} (TNF-{alpha}) or the Soluble Receptors sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 and Breast Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 12: 945-946 [Full Text]
Li, C., Sanni, L. A., Omer, F., Riley, E., Langhorne, J. (2003). Pathology of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi Infection and Mortality in Interleukin-10-Deficient Mice Are Ameliorated by Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Exacerbated by Anti-Transforming Growth Factor {beta} Antibodies. Infect. Immun. 71: 4850-4856 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ritter, U., Meissner, A., Ott, J., Korner, H. (2003). Analysis of the maturation process of dendritic cells deficient for TNF and lymphotoxin-{alpha} reveals an essential role for TNF. J. Leukoc. Biol. 74: 216-222 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schweickhardt, R. L., Jiang, X., Garone, L. M., Brondyk, W. H. (2003). Structure-Expression Relationship of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Mutants That Increase Expression. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 28961-28967 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Robertson, M., Liversidge, J., Forrester, J. V., Dick, A. D. (2003). Neutralizing Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Activity Suppresses Activation of Infiltrating Macrophages in Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis. IOVS 44: 3034-3041 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Weber, M., Sydlik, C., Quirling, M., Nothdurfter, C., Zwergal, A., Heiss, P., Bell, S., Neumeier, D., Ziegler-Heitbrock, H. W. L., Brand, K. (2003). Transcriptional Inhibition of Interleukin-8 Expression in Tumor Necrosis Factor-tolerant Cells: EVIDENCE FOR INVOLVEMENT OF C/EBP{beta}. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 23586-23593 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Jacobs-Helber, S. M., Roh, K.-h., Bailey, D., Dessypris, E. N., Ryan, J. J., Chen, J., Wickrema, A., Barber, D. L., Dent, P., Sawyer, S. T. (2003). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expressed constitutively in erythroid cells or induced by erythropoietin has negative and stimulatory roles in normal erythropoiesis and erythroleukemia. Blood 101: 524-531 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wan, X., Zhang, J., Luo, H., Shi, G., Kapnik, E., Kim, S., Kanakaraj, P., Wu, J. (2002). A TNF Family Member LIGHT Transduces Costimulatory Signals into Human T Cells. J. Immunol. 169: 6813-6821 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Koay, M. A., Christman, J. W., Wudel, L. J., Allos, T., Cheng, D.-S., Chapman, W. C., Blackwell, T. S. (2002). Modulation of endotoxin-induced NF-kappa B activation in lung and liver through TNF type 1 and IL-1 receptors. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 283: L1247-L1254 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kitakata, H., Nemoto-Sasaki, Y., Takahashi, Y., Kondo, T., Mai, M., Mukaida, N. (2002). Essential Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor p55 in Liver Metastasis of Intrasplenic Administration of Colon 26 Cells. Cancer Res. 62: 6682-6687 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Osburg, B., Peiser, C., Domling, D., Schomburg, L., Ko, Y. T., Voigt, K., Bickel, U. (2002). Effect of endotoxin on expression of TNF receptors and transport of TNF-alpha at the blood-brain barrier of the rat. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 283: E899-E908 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kanehiro, A., Lahn, M., Makela, M. J., Dakhama, A., Joetham, A., Rha, Y.-H., Born, W., Gelfand, E. W. (2002). Requirement for the p75 TNF-{alpha} Receptor 2 in the Regulation of Airway Hyperresponsiveness by {gamma}{delta} T Cells. J. Immunol. 169: 4190-4197 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wieser, F., Fabjani, G., Tempfer, C., Schneeberger, C., Zeillinger, R., Huber, J. C., Wenzl, R. (2002). Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Promotor Polymorphisms and Endometriosis. Reproductive Sciences 9: 313-318 [Abstract]
Wang, J.-L., Qian, X., Chinookoswong, N., Lu, J., Chow, G., Theill, L. E., Shi, Z.-Q. (2002). Polyethylene Glycolated Recombinant TNF Receptor I Improves Insulitis and Reduces Incidence of Spontaneous and Cyclophosphamide-Accelerated Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. Endocrinology 143: 3490-3497 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Temekonidis, T I, Georgiadis, A N, Alamanos, Y, Bougias, D V, Voulgari, P V, Drosos, A A (2002). Infliximab treatment in combination with cyclosporin A in patients with severe refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 61: 822-825 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Peral, B., San Millan, J. L., Castello, R., Moghetti, P., Escobar-Morreale, H. F. (2002). The Methionine 196 Arginine Polymorphism in Exon 6 of the TNF Receptor 2 Gene (TNFRSF1B) Is Associated with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hyperandrogenism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87: 3977-3983 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ryan, T., Balding, J., McGovern, E. M., Hinchion, J., Livingstone, W., Chughtai, Z., Smith, O. P. (2002). Lactic acidosis after cardiac surgery is associated with polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 10 genes. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 73: 1905-1909 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Engwerda, C. R., Mynott, T. L., Sawhney, S., De Souza, J. B., Bickle, Q. D., Kaye, P. M. (2002). Locally Up-regulated Lymphotoxin {alpha}, Not Systemic Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha}, Is the Principle Mediator of Murine Cerebral Malaria. JEM 195: 1371-1377 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Scallon, B., Cai, A., Solowski, N., Rosenberg, A., Song, X.-Y., Shealy, D., Wagner, C. (2002). Binding and Functional Comparisons of Two Types of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 301: 418-426 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mease, P J (2002). Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in psoriatic arthritis: pathophysiology and treatment with TNF inhibitors. Ann Rheum Dis 61: 298-304 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Laufs, H., Muller, K., Fleischer, J., Reiling, N., Jahnke, N., Jensenius, J. C., Solbach, W., Laskay, T. (2002). Intracellular Survival of Leishmania major in Neutrophil Granulocytes after Uptake in the Absence of Heat-Labile Serum Factors. Infect. Immun. 70: 826-835 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Elkind, M. S., Cheng, J., Boden-Albala, B., Rundek, T., Thomas, J., Chen, H., Rabbani, L. E., Sacco, R. L., Thrift, A. G. (2002). Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Levels Are Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis * Editorial Comment. Stroke 33: 31-38 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Drenth, J. P. H., van der Meer, J. W. M. (2001). Hereditary Periodic Fever. NEJM 345: 1748-1757 [Full Text]
Krasinski, K., Spyridopoulos, I., Kearney, M., Losordo, D. W. (2001). In Vivo Blockade of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Accelerates Functional Endothelial Recovery After Balloon Angioplasty. Circulation 104: 1754-1756 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rumalla, V., Calvano, S. E., Spotnitz, A. J., Krause, T. J., Lin, E., Lowry, S. F. (2001). The Effects of Glucocorticoid Therapy on Inflammatory Responses to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Arch Surg 136: 1039-1044 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Vassallo, R., Kottom, T. J., Standing, J. E., Limper, A. H. (2001). Vitronectin and Fibronectin Function as Glucan Binding Proteins Augmenting Macrophage Responses to Pneumocystis carinii. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 25: 203-211 [Abstract] [Full Text]
van Riemsdijk-van Overbeeke, I. C., Baan, C. C., Knoop, C. J., Loonen, E. H. M., Zietse, R., Weimar, W. (2001). Quantitative flow cytometry shows activation of the TNF-{{alpha}} system but not of the IL-2 system at the single cell level in renal replacement therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16: 1430-1435 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Shahani, R., Klein, L. V., Marshall, J. G., Nicholson, S., Rubin, B. B., Walker, P. M., Lindsay, T. F. (2001). Hemorrhage-induced {alpha}-adrenergic signaling results in myocardial TNF-{alpha} expression and contractile dysfunction. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 281: H84-H92 [Abstract] [Full Text]
WATERER, G. W., QUASNEY, M. W., CANTOR, R. M., WUNDERINK, R. G. (2001). Septic Shock and Respiratory Failure in Community-acquired Pneumonia Have Different TNF Polymorphism Associations. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163: 1599-1604 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lee, J. Y., Sullivan, K. E. (2001). Gamma Interferon and Lipopolysaccharide Interact at the Level of Transcription To Induce Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Expression. Infect. Immun. 69: 2847-2852 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tsukasaki, K., Miller, C. W., Kubota, T., Takeuchi, S., Fujimoto, T., Ikeda, S., Tomonaga, M., Koeffler, H. P. (2001). Tumor Necrosis Factor {{alpha}} Polymorphism Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Development of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma in Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carriers. Cancer Res. 61: 3770-3774 [Abstract] [Full Text]
OBERHOLZER, C., OBERHOLZER, A., CLARE-SALZLER, M., MOLDAWER, L. L. (2001). Apoptosis in sepsis: a new target for therapeutic exploration. FASEB J. 15: 879-892 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Choy, E. H.S., Panayi, G. S. (2001). Cytokine Pathways and Joint Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. NEJM 344: 907-916 [Full Text]
Mizgerd, J. P., Spieker, M. R., Doerschuk, C. M. (2001). Early Response Cytokines and Innate Immunity: Essential Roles for TNF Receptor 1 and Type I IL-1 Receptor During Escherichia coli Pneumonia in Mice. J. Immunol. 166: 4042-4048 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Broide, D. H., Stachnick, G., Castaneda, D., Nayar, J., Sriramarao, P. (2001). Inhibition of Eosinophilic Inflammation in Allergen-Challenged TNF Receptor p55/p75- and TNF Receptor p55-Deficient Mice. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 24: 304-311 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cho, H.-Y., Zhang, L.-Y., Kleeberger, S. R. (2001). Ozone-induced lung inflammation and hyperreactivity are mediated via tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} receptors. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 280: L537-L546 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Bazzoni, F., Regalia, E. (2001). Triggering of Antitumor Activity Through Melanoma-specific Transduction of a Constitutively Active Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) R1 Chimeric Receptor in the Absence of TNF-{{alpha}}. Cancer Res. 61: 1050-1057 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Roach, D. R., Briscoe, H., Saunders, B., France, M. P., Riminton, S., Britton, W. J. (2001). Secreted Lymphotoxin-{alpha} Is Essential for the Control of an Intracellular Bacterial Infection. JEM 193: 239-246 [Abstract] [Full Text]

Comments and questions? Please contact us.