Abnormalities of glucose, insulin, and lipoprotein metabolismare common in patients with hypertension. These changes canalso be discerned in normotensive first-degree relatives ofhypertensive patients. They are not present in patients withsecondary forms of hypertension, do not necessarily improvewhen blood pressure is lowered pharmacologically, and may evenbe made worse by some forms of antihypertensive treatment. Thesemetabolic abnormalities may play a part in both the pathogenesisand the complications of hypertension in many patients. We hypothesizethat the metabolic abnormalities are linked to the hypertensionby a pathophysiologic process that involves the sympathoadrenalsystem and exerts . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Glucose, Insulin, and Lipoproteins in Patients with Hypertension
Hypertension and Metabolic Disorders
Metabolic Abnormalities and the Clinical Course of Patients with Hypertension
Dyslipidemia and Coronary Heart Disease
Insulin Resistance, Sympathoadrenal Activity, and Hypertension
Diet and Sympathetic Nervous System Activity
Role of Insulin
Dietary Thermogenesis
Obesity-Related Hypertension
Insulin and Sympathetic Activity in Hypertension
Insulin Resistance in Nonobese Patients with Hypertension
Vasodilator Actions of Insulin
Dyslipidemia
Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on the Sympathetic Nervous System
-Adrenergic Antagonists
1-Adrenergic Antagonists
Blood Flow
Other Antihypertensive Drugs
Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Lipoprotein Metabolism
-Adrenergic Antagonists
1-Adrenergic Antagonists
Conclusions
Source Information
From Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif. (G.M.R.); Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (H.L.); and Northwestern University, Chicago (L.L.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Landsberg at the Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Wesley Pavilion 296, 250 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611.
Grassi, G., Seravalle, G., Quarti-Trevano, F., Dell'Oro, R., Bombelli, M., Cuspidi, C., Facchetti, R., Bolla, G., Mancia, G.
(2008). Adrenergic, Metabolic, and Reflex Abnormalities in Reverse and Extreme Dipper Hypertensives. Hypertension
52: 925-931
[Abstract][Full Text]
Forman, J. P., Curhan, G. C., Taylor, E. N.
(2008). Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Incident Hypertension Among Young Women. Hypertension
52: 828-832
[Abstract][Full Text]
Perticone, F., Sciacqua, A., Perticone, M., Laino, I., Miceli, S., Care', I., Galiano Leone, G., Andreozzi, F., Maio, R., Sesti, G.
(2008). Low-Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Levels Are Associated with Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in a Cohort of Untreated, Hypertensive Caucasian Subjects. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
93: 2806-2810
[Abstract][Full Text]
Despres, J.-P., Lemieux, I., Bergeron, J., Pibarot, P., Mathieu, P., Larose, E., Rodes-Cabau, J., Bertrand, O. F., Poirier, P.
(2008). Abdominal Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution to Global Cardiometabolic Risk. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
28: 1039-1049
[Abstract][Full Text]
Johansson, M. E., Andersson, I. J., Alexanderson, C., Skott, O., Holmang, A., Bergstrom, G.
(2008). Hyperinsulinemic rats are normotensive but sensitized to angiotensin II. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.
294: R1240-R1247
[Abstract][Full Text]
Baldelli, R., De Marinis, L., Bianchi, A., Pivonello, R., Gasco, V., Auriemma, R., Pasimeni, G., Cimino, V., Appetecchia, M., Maccario, M., Lombardi, G., Pontecorvi, A., Colao, A., Grottoli, S.
(2008). Microalbuminuria in Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Tumor. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
93: 710-714
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mellbin, L. G., Malmberg, K., Norhammar, A., Wedel, H., Ryden, L., for the DIGAMI 2 Investigators,
(2008). The impact of glucose lowering treatment on long-term prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction: a report from the DIGAMI 2 trial. Eur Heart J
29: 166-176
[Abstract][Full Text]
Vaccarino, V., McClure, C., Johnson, B. D., Sheps, D. S., Bittner, V., Rutledge, T., Shaw, L. J., Sopko, G., Olson, M. B., Krantz, D. S., Parashar, S., Marroquin, O. C., Merz, C. N. B.
(2008). Depression, the Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk. Psychosom. Med.
70: 40-48
[Abstract][Full Text]
Perticone, F., Maio, R., Sciacqua, A., Andreozzi, F., Iemma, G., Perticone, M., Zoccali, C., Sesti, G.
(2008). Endothelial Dysfunction and C-Reactive Protein Are Risk Factors for Diabetes in Essential Hypertension. Diabetes
57: 167-171
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cooper, S. A., Whaley-Connell, A., Habibi, J., Wei, Y., Lastra, G., Manrique, C., Stas, S., Sowers, J. R.
(2007). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and oxidative stress in cardiovascular insulin resistance. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
293: H2009-H2023
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hu, S., Leonard, A., Seifalian, A., Hardiman, P.
(2007). Vascular dysfunction during pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod
22: 1532-1539
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shah, M., Adams-Huet, B., Garg, A.
(2007). Effect of high-carbohydrate or high-cis-monounsaturated fat diets on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of intervention trials. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
85: 1251-1256
[Abstract][Full Text]
Iwai, M., Li, H.-S., Chen, R., Shiuchi, T., Wu, L., Min, L.-J., Li, J.-M., Tsuda, M., Suzuki, J., Tomono, Y., Tomochika, H., Mogi, M., Horiuchi, M.
(2006). Calcium Channel Blocker Azelnidipine Reduces Glucose Intolerance in Diabetic Mice via Different Mechanism Than Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Olmesartan. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
319: 1081-1087
[Abstract][Full Text]
Vasudevan, H., Nagareddy, P. R., McNeill, J. H.
(2006). Gonadectomy prevents endothelial dysfunction in fructose-fed male rats, a factor contributing to the development of hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
291: H3058-H3064
[Abstract][Full Text]
Li, C., Ford, E. S., McGuire, L. C., Mokdad, A. H., Little, R. R., Reaven, G. M.
(2006). Trends in hyperinsulinemia among nondiabetic adults in the u.s.. Diabetes Care
29: 2396-2402
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sinaiko, A. R., Steinberger, J., Moran, A., Hong, C.-P., Prineas, R. J., Jacobs, D. R. Jr
(2006). Influence of Insulin Resistance and Body Mass Index at Age 13 on Systolic Blood Pressure, Triglycerides, and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol at Age 19. Hypertension
48: 730-736
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhang, J., Niaura, R., Dyer, J. R., Shen, B.-J., Todaro, J. F., McCaffery, J. M., Spiro, A. III, Ward, K. D.
(2006). Hostility and Urine Norepinephrine Interact to Predict Insulin Resistance: The VA Normative Aging Study.. Psychosom. Med.
68: 718-726
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ozawa, C., Alpert, P. T., Miller, S. K.
(2006). Culturally Sensitive Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome in Asian Americans. Home Health Care Management Practice
18: 394-402
[Abstract]
Ruggeri, P., Brunori, A., Cogo, C. E., Storace, D., Di Nardo, F., Burattini, R.
(2006). Enhanced sympathetic reactivity associates with insulin resistance in the young Zucker rat. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.
291: R376-R382
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ahuja, K. D., Robertson, I. K, Geraghty, D. P, Ball, M. J
(2006). Effects of chili consumption on postprandial glucose, insulin, and energy metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
84: 63-69
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sarafidis, P.A., Bakris, G.L.
(2006). Antihypertensive treatment with beta-blockers and the spectrum of glycaemic control. QJM
99: 431-436
[Abstract][Full Text]
Srinivasan, S. R., Myers, L., Berenson, G. S.
(2006). Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Variables Since Childhood in Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Hypertension
48: 33-39
[Abstract][Full Text]
Paul-Labrador, M., Polk, D., Dwyer, J. H., Velasquez, I., Nidich, S., Rainforth, M., Schneider, R., Merz, C. N. B.
(2006). Effects of a randomized controlled trial of transcendental meditation on components of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with coronary heart disease.. Arch Intern Med
166: 1218-1224
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kralisch, S, Lossner, U, Bluher, M, Paschke, R, Stumvoll, M, Fasshauer, M
(2006). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 expression and secretion are induced by {beta}-adrenergic stimulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.. J Endocrinol
189: 665-670
[Abstract][Full Text]
Thornley-Brown, D., Wang, X., Wright, J. T. Jr, Randall, O. S., Miller, E. R., Lash, J. P., Gassman, J., Contreras, G., Appel, L. J., Agodoa, L. Y., Cheek, D., for the African American Study of Kidney Disease a,
(2006). Differing effects of antihypertensive drugs on the incidence of diabetes mellitus among patients with hypertensive kidney disease.. Arch Intern Med
166: 797-805
[Abstract][Full Text]
Paradisi, G., Biaggi, A., Savone, R., Ianniello, F., Tomei, C., Caforio, L., Caruso, A.
(2006). Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Women with Previous Gestational Hypertension. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
91: 1233-1238
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yaggi, H. K., Araujo, A. B., McKinlay, J. B.
(2006). Sleep duration as a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes.. Diabetes Care
29: 657-661
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kreier, F., Kap, Y. S., Mettenleiter, T. C., van Heijningen, C., van der Vliet, J., Kalsbeek, A., Sauerwein, H. P., Fliers, E., Romijn, J. A., Buijs, R. M.
(2006). Tracing from Fat Tissue, Liver, and Pancreas: A Neuroanatomical Framework for the Role of the Brain in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinology
147: 1140-1147
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kowalska, I., Straczkowski, M., Nikolajuk, A., Krukowska, A., Kinalska, I., Gorska, M.
(2006). Plasma adiponectin concentration and tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} system activity in lean non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. Eur J Endocrinol
154: 319-324
[Abstract][Full Text]
Oltmanns, K. M, Dodt, B., Schultes, B., Raspe, H. H, Schweiger, U., Born, J., Fehm, H. L, Peters, A.
(2006). Cortisol correlates with metabolic disturbances in a population study of type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Endocrinol
154: 325-331
[Abstract][Full Text]
Coviello, A. D., Legro, R. S., Dunaif, A.
(2006). Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Have an Increased Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Increasing Androgen Levels Independent of Obesity and Insulin Resistance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
91: 492-497
[Abstract][Full Text]
Safar, M. E., Thomas, F., Blacher, J., Nzietchueng, R., Bureau, J.-M., Pannier, B., Benetos, A.
(2006). Metabolic Syndrome and Age-Related Progression of Aortic Stiffness. J Am Coll Cardiol
47: 72-75
[Abstract][Full Text]
Halperin, R. O., Sesso, H. D., Ma, J., Buring, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Michael Gaziano, J.
(2006). Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Incident Hypertension in Men. Hypertension
47: 45-50
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shah, M., Adams-Huet, B., Bantle, J. P., Henry, R. R., Griver, K. A., Raatz, S. K., Brinkley, L. J., Reaven, G. M., Garg, A.
(2005). Effect of a High-Carbohydrate Versus a High--cis-Monounsaturated Fat Diet on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care
28: 2607-2612
[Abstract][Full Text]
Duffy, S. J., Biegelsen, E. S., Eberhardt, R. T., Kahn, D. F., Kingwell, B. A., Vita, J. A.
(2005). Low-Renin Hypertension With Relative Aldosterone Excess Is Associated With Impaired NO-Mediated Vasodilation. Hypertension
46: 707-713
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hanley, A. J. G., Meigs, J. B., Williams, K., Haffner, S. M., D'Agostino, R. B. Sr.
(2005). Re: "(Mis)use of Factor Analysis in the Study of Insulin Resistance Syndrome". Am J Epidemiol
161: 1182-1184
[Full Text]
Berkman, L. F.
(2005). Tracking Social and Biological Experiences: The Social Etiology of Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation
111: 3022-3024
[Full Text]
Hemingway, H., Shipley, M., Brunner, E., Britton, A., Malik, M., Marmot, M.
(2005). Does Autonomic Function Link Social Position to Coronary Risk?: The Whitehall II Study. Circulation
111: 3071-3077
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kralisch, S., Klein, J., Lossner, U., Bluher, M., Paschke, R., Stumvoll, M., Fasshauer, M.
(2005). Hormonal regulation of the novel adipocytokine visfatin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Endocrinol
185: R1-R8
[Abstract][Full Text]
Brotman, D. J., Girod, J. P., Garcia, M. J., Patel, J. V., Gupta, M., Posch, A., Saunders, S., Lip, G. Y. H., Worley, S., Reddy, S.
(2005). Effects of Short-Term Glucocorticoids on Cardiovascular Biomarkers. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
90: 3202-3208
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mancia, G., Facchetti, R., Bombelli, M., Friz, H. P., Grassi, G., Giannattasio, C., Sega, R.
(2005). Relationship of Office, Home, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure to Blood Glucose and Lipid Variables in the PAMELA Population. Hypertension
45: 1072-1077
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tenenbaum, A., Motro, M., Fisman, E. Z., Tanne, D., Boyko, V., Behar, S.
(2005). Bezafibrate for the Secondary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome. Arch Intern Med
165: 1154-1160
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cardona, F, Tinahones, F J, Collantes, E, Escudero, A, Garcia-Fuentes, E, Soriguer, F J
(2005). Contribution of polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV cluster to hyperlipidaemia in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis
64: 85-88
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fasshauer, M., Klein, J., Kralisch, S., Klier, M., Lossner, U., Bluher, M., Paschke, R.
(2004). Serum amyloid A3 expression is stimulated by dexamethasone and interleukin-6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Endocrinol
183: 561-567
[Abstract][Full Text]
Huggett, R. J., Burns, J., Mackintosh, A. F., Mary, D. A.S.G.
(2004). Sympathetic Neural Activation in Nondiabetic Metabolic Syndrome and Its Further Augmentation by Hypertension. Hypertension
44: 847-852
[Abstract][Full Text]
El-Atat, F. A., Stas, S. N., McFarlane, S. I., Sowers, J. R.
(2004). The Relationship between Hyperinsulinemia, Hypertension and Progressive Renal Disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
15: 2816-2827
[Abstract][Full Text]
Oliveira, R. L. G. S., Ueno, M., de Souza, C. T., Pereira-da-Silva, M., Gasparetti, A. L., Bezzera, R. M. N., Alberici, L. C., Vercesi, A. E., Saad, M. J. A., Velloso, L. A.
(2004). Cold-induced PGC-1{alpha} expression modulates muscle glucose uptake through an insulin receptor/Akt-independent, AMPK-dependent pathway. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
287: E686-E695
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liao, Y., Asakura, M., Takashima, S., Ogai, A., Asano, Y., Shintani, Y., Minamino, T., Asanuma, H., Sanada, S., Kim, J., Kitamura, S., Tomoike, H., Hori, M., Kitakaze, M.
(2004). Celiprolol, A Vasodilatory {beta}-Blocker, Inhibits Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Prevents the Transition to Heart Failure via Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanisms in Mice. Circulation
110: 692-699
[Abstract][Full Text]
Frisbee, J. C.
(2004). Enhanced arteriolar {alpha}-adrenergic constriction impairs dilator responses and skeletal muscle perfusion in obese Zucker rats. J. Appl. Physiol.
97: 764-772
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nikander, E., Tiitinen, A., Laitinen, K., Tikkanen, M., Ylikorkala, O.
(2004). Effects of Isolated Isoflavonoids on Lipids, Lipoproteins, Insulin Sensitivity, and Ghrelin in Postmenopausal Women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
89: 3567-3572
[Abstract][Full Text]
Oghagbon, E K, Okesina, A B, Adebisi, S A
(2004). Awareness of atherosclerosis risk factors in Nigeria. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health
124: 180-183
[Abstract]
Saad, M. F., Rewers, M., Selby, J., Howard, G., Jinagouda, S., Fahmi, S., Zaccaro, D., Bergman, R. N., Savage, P. J., Haffner, S. M.
(2004). Insulin Resistance and Hypertension: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Hypertension
43: 1324-1331
[Abstract][Full Text]
Davy, K. P., Hall, J. E.
(2004). Obesity and hypertension: two epidemics or one?. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.
286: R803-R813
[Abstract][Full Text]
Benson, S. C., Pershadsingh, H. A., Ho, C. I., Chittiboyina, A., Desai, P., Pravenec, M., Qi, N., Wang, J., Avery, M. A., Kurtz, T. W.
(2004). Identification of Telmisartan as a Unique Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist With Selective PPAR{gamma}-Modulating Activity. Hypertension
43: 993-1002
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shiuchi, T., Iwai, M., Li, H.-S., Wu, L., Min, L.-J., Li, J.-M., Okumura, M., Cui, T.-X., Horiuchi, M.
(2004). Angiotensin II Type-1 Receptor Blocker Valsartan Enhances Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscles of Diabetic Mice. Hypertension
43: 1003-1010
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shishehbor, M. H., Hoogwerf, B. J., Lauer, M. S.
(2004). Association of Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio With Heart Rate Recovery. Diabetes Care
27: 936-941
[Abstract][Full Text]
Meksawan, K., Pendergast, D. R., Leddy, J. J., Mason, M., Horvath, P. J., Awad, A. B.
(2004). Effect of Low and High Fat Diets on Nutrient Intakes and Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Sedentary Men and Women. J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
23: 131-140
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pouta, A., Hartikainen, A.-L., Sovio, U., Gissler, M., Laitinen, J., McCarthy, M. I., Ruokonen, A., Elliott, P., Jarvelin, M.-R.
(2004). Manifestations of Metabolic Syndrome After Hypertensive Pregnancy. Hypertension
43: 825-831
[Abstract][Full Text]
Garcia-Rio, F., Pino, J. M., Alonso, A., Arias, M. A., Martinez, I., Alvaro, D., Villamor, J.
(2004). White Coat Hypertension in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome. Chest
125: 817-822
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sanchez, P L, Morinigo, J L, Pabon, P, Martin, F, Piedra, I, Palacios, I F, Martin-Luengo, C
(2004). Prognostic relations between inflammatory markers and mortality in diabetic patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Heart
90: 264-269
[Abstract][Full Text]
Goodfriend, T. L., Calhoun, D. A.
(2004). Resistant Hypertension, Obesity, Sleep Apnea, and Aldosterone: Theory and Therapy. Hypertension
43: 518-524
[Abstract][Full Text]
Grundy, S. M.
(2003). Inflammation, Hypertension, and the Metabolic Syndrome. JAMA
290: 3000-3002
[Full Text]
Schroeder, E. B., Liao, D., Chambless, L. E., Prineas, R. J., Evans, G. W., Heiss, G.
(2003). Hypertension, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate Variability: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Hypertension
42: 1106-1111
[Abstract][Full Text]
Oparil, S., Zaman, M. A., Calhoun, D. A.
(2003). Pathogenesis of Hypertension. ANN INTERN MED
139: 761-776
[Full Text]
Carnethon, M. R., Jacobs, D. R. Jr., Sidney, S., Liu, K.
(2003). Influence of Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: The CARDIA study. Diabetes Care
26: 3035-3041
[Abstract][Full Text]
Haffner, S., Taegtmeyer, H.
(2003). Epidemic Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome. Circulation
108: 1541-1545
[Full Text]
Watkins, L. L., Sherwood, A., Feinglos, M., Hinderliter, A., Babyak, M., Gullette, E., Waugh, R., Blumenthal, J. A.
(2003). Effects of Exercise and Weight Loss on Cardiac Risk Factors Associated With Syndrome X. Arch Intern Med
163: 1889-1895
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hu, P., Zhang, D., Swenson, L., Chakrabarti, G., Abel, E. D., Litwin, S. E.
(2003). Minimally invasive aortic banding in mice: effects of altered cardiomyocyte insulin signaling during pressure overload. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
285: H1261-H1269
[Abstract][Full Text]
Karason, K., Sjostrom, L., Wallentin, I., Peltonen, M.
(2003). Impact of blood pressure and insulin on the relationship between body fat and left ventricular structure. Eur Heart J
24: 1500-1505
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tezcan, H., Yavuz, D., Toprak, A., Akpmar, I., Koc, M., Deyneli, O., Akalm, S.
(2003). Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on endothelial function and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
4: 119-123
[Abstract]
Carnethon, M. R., Golden, S. H., Folsom, A. R., Haskell, W., Liao, D.
(2003). Prospective Investigation of Autonomic Nervous System Function and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, 1987-1998. Circulation
107: 2190-2195
[Abstract][Full Text]
Takagi, M., Tanaka, Y., Yamasaki, Y., Yamamoto, M., Hori, M., Nakaniwa, T., Niwa, M., Uchino, H., Tamura, Y., Nomiyama, T., Watada, H., Kawamori, R.
(2003). Responsiveness of insulin-induced cardiac sympathetic nerve activation associates with blood pressure regulation in diabetics. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
284: E1022-E1026
[Abstract][Full Text]
Biondi-Zoccai, G. G. L., Abbate, A., Liuzzo, G., Biasucci, L. M.
(2003). Atherothrombosis, inflammation, and diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol
41: 1071-1077
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chen, H., Sullivan, G., Yue, L. Q., Katz, A., Quon, M. J.
(2003). QUICKI is a useful index of insulin sensitivity in subjects with hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
284: E804-E812
[Abstract][Full Text]
Choi, K., Roh, S.-G., Hong, Y.-H., Shrestha, Y. B., Hishikawa, D., Chen, C., Kojima, M., Kangawa, K., Sasaki, S.-I.
(2003). The Role of Ghrelin and Growth Hormone Secretagogues Receptor on Rat Adipogenesis. Endocrinology
144: 754-759
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liao, D., Carnethon, M., Evans, G. W., Cascio, W. E., Heiss, G.
(2002). Lower Heart Rate Variability Is Associated With the Development of Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals With Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Diabetes
51: 3524-3531
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ogihara, T., Asano, T., Ando, K., Chiba, Y., Sakoda, H., Anai, M., Shojima, N., Ono, H., Onishi, Y., Fujishiro, M., Katagiri, H., Fukushima, Y., Kikuchi, M., Noguchi, N., Aburatani, H., Komuro, I., Fujita, T.
(2002). Angiotensin II-Induced Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Enhanced Insulin Signaling. Hypertension
40: 872-879
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hjemdahl, P.
(2002). Stress and the Metabolic Syndrome: An Interesting but Enigmatic Association. Circulation
106: 2634-2636
[Full Text]
Brunner, E.J., Hemingway, H., Walker, B.R., Page, M., Clarke, P., Juneja, M., Shipley, M.J., Kumari, M., Andrew, R., Seckl, J.R., Papadopoulos, A., Checkley, S., Rumley, A., Lowe, G.D.O., Stansfeld, S.A., Marmot, M.G.
(2002). Adrenocortical, Autonomic, and Inflammatory Causes of the Metabolic Syndrome: Nested Case-Control Study. Circulation
106: 2659-2665
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ruilope, L. M.
(2002). The Kidney as a Sensor of Cardiovascular Risk in Essential Hypertension. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
13: S165-168
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kernan, W. N., Inzucchi, S. E., Viscoli, C. M., Brass, L. M., Bravata, D. M., Horwitz, R. I.
(2002). Insulin resistance and risk for stroke. Neurology
59: 809-815
[Abstract][Full Text]
Krentz, A. J
(2002). Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: do they share common antecedents?. British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease
2: 370-378
[Abstract]
Davies, J., Struthers, A.
(2002). Review: The potential benefits of aldosterone antagonism in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
3: 150-155
[Abstract]
Brotman, D. J., Ludwig, D. S.
(2002). Effects of Counterregulatory Hormones in a High-Glycemic Index Diet. JAMA
288: 695-695
[Full Text]
Jost, P., Fasshauer, M., Kahn, C. R., Benito, M., Meyer, M., Ott, V., Lowell, B. B., Klein, H. H., Klein, J.
(2002). Atypical beta -adrenergic effects on insulin signaling and action in beta 3-adrenoceptor-deficient brown adipocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
283: E146-E153
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ogihara, T., Asano, T., Ando, K., Sakoda, H., Anai, M., Shojima, N., Ono, H., Onishi, Y., Fujishiro, M., Abe, M., Fukushima, Y., Kikuchi, M., Fujita, T.
(2002). High-Salt Diet Enhances Insulin Signaling and Induces Insulin Resistance in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Hypertension
40: 83-89
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kazumi, T., Kawaguchi, A., Sakai, K., Hirano, T., Yoshino, G.
(2002). Young Men With High-Normal Blood Pressure Have Lower Serum Adiponectin, Smaller LDL Size, and Higher Elevated Heart Rate Than Those With Optimal Blood Pressure. Diabetes Care
25: 971-976
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shojima, N., Sakoda, H., Ogihara, T., Fujishiro, M., Katagiri, H., Anai, M., Onishi, Y., Ono, H., Inukai, K., Abe, M., Fukushima, Y., Kikuchi, M., Oka, Y., Asano, T.
(2002). Humoral Regulation of Resistin Expression in 3T3-L1 and Mouse Adipose Cells. Diabetes
51: 1737-1744
[Abstract][Full Text]
Johannsson, G., Sverrisdottir, Y. B., Ellegard, L., Lundberg, P.-A., Herlitz, H.
(2002). GH Increases Extracellular Volume by Stimulating Sodium Reabsorption in the Distal Nephron and Preventing Pressure Natriuresis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
87: 1743-1749
[Abstract][Full Text]
Eriksson, J., Lindstrom, J., Tuomilehto, J.
(2001). Potential for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Br Med Bull
60: 183-199
[Full Text]
Gonzalez-Albarran, O., Garcia-Robles, R.
(2001). Correlation Between Insulin Suppression Test and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index in Hypertensive and Normotensive Obese Patients. Diabetes Care
24: 1998-2000
[Full Text]
Ranade, K., Wu, K. D., Risch, N., Olivier, M., Pei, D., Hsiao, C.-F., Chuang, L.-M., Ho, L.-T., Jorgenson, E., Pesich, R., Chen, Y.-D. I., Dzau, V., Lin, A., Olshen, R. A., Curb, D., Cox, D. R., Botstein, D.
(2001). Genetic variation in aldosterone synthase predicts plasma glucose levels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
10.1073/pnas.221467098v1
[Abstract][Full Text]
Su, T.-C., Jeng, J.-S., Chien, K.-L., Sung, F.-C., Hsu, H.-C., Lee, Y.-T.
(2001). Hypertension Status Is the Major Determinant of Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Community-Based Study in Taiwan. Stroke
32: 2265-2271
[Abstract][Full Text]
Facchini, F. S., Hua, N., Abbasi, F., Reaven, G. M.
(2001). Insulin Resistance as a Predictor of Age-Related Diseases. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
86: 3574-3578
[Abstract][Full Text]
Vinik, A. I., Erbas, T., Park, T. S., Nolan, R., Pittenger, G. L.
(2001). Platelet Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care
24: 1476-1485
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shike, T., Hirose, S., Kobayashi, M., Funabiki, K., Shirai, T., Tomino, Y.
(2001). Susceptibility and Negative Epistatic Loci Contributing to Type 2 Diabetes and Related Phenotypes in a KK/Ta Mouse Model. Diabetes
50: 1943-1948
[Abstract][Full Text]
-Adrenergic Antagonists
1-Adrenergic Antagonists
Previous
