Cardiac and cerebral ischemic events develop unpredictably inpatients with widely varying degrees of atherosclerotic disease.Thus, a major area of research is the study of the stimuli thatprovoke ischemic events. The weak relation between ischemicevents and flow-limiting stenoses in the coronary and carotidarteries leaves room for innovative research.1 However, it iseasier to study the details of accepted paradigms than it isto develop new hypotheses, just as it was easier to map thevisible face of the moon than it was to explore its hidden side.
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