Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder of unknown cause that ischaracterized by its pathological hallmark, the noncaseatinggranuloma. Its presenting features are protean, ranging fromasymptomatic but abnormal findings on chest radiography in manypatients to progressive multiorgan failure in an unfortunateminority. The illness can be self-limited or chronic, with episodicrecrudescence and remissions. Because the lungs and thoraciclymph nodes are almost always involved, most patients reportacute or insidious respiratory problems, variably accompaniedby symptoms affecting the skin, eyes, or other organs. The diversemanifestations of this disorder help fuel the prevailing hypothesisthat sarcoidosis has more . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
Genetic Factors
Pathological and Immunologic Features
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Organ Involvement
Respiratory Tract
Lymphatic System
Heart
Skin
Eyes
Nervous System
Renal and Endocrine Systems
Liver
Natural History and Prognosis
Treatment
Special Treatment Issues
Endobronchial Sarcoidosis
End-Stage Pulmonary Disease
Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Dermatologic Sarcoidosis
Ocular Sarcoidosis
Neurologic Sarcoidosis
Renal and Endocrine Sarcoidosis
Source Information
From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division and OccupationalEnvironmental Medicine Section, National Jewish Medical and Research Center (L.S.N., C.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine (L.S.N., C.S.R., L.A.M.), and the Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics (L.S.N., C.S.R.), University of Colorado Health Sciences Center both in Denver.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Newman at the National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson St., Rm. G-010, Denver, CO 80206.
References
Related Letters:
Sarcoidosis
Schmit A., Van Gossum A., Piagnerelli M., Vanhaeverbeek M., Díaz F., Salvatori R., Palmer S. M., Miralles A. P., Tapson V. F., Than N., Turney J. H., Newman L. S., Rose C. S., Maier L. A.
Extract |
Full Text
N Engl J Med 1997;
337:789-791, Sep 11, 1997.
Correspondence
This article has been cited by other articles:
Sadek, M., Yue, F. Y., Lee, E. Y., Gyenes, G., Jones, R. B., Hoffstein, V., Munoz, D. G., Fong, I., Ostrowski, M.
(2008). Clinical and Immunologic Features of an Atypical Intracranial Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) Infection Compared with Those of Pulmonary MAC Infections. CVI
15: 1580-1589
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ichinose, A., Otani, H., Oikawa, M., Takase, K., Saito, H., Shimokawa, H., Takahashi, S.
(2008). MRI of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Basal and Subepicardial Localization of Myocardial Lesions and Their Effect on Left Ventricular Function. Am. J. Roentgenol.
191: 862-869
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wells, A U, Hirani, N, on behalf of the BTS Interstitial Lung Disease Gui,
(2008). Interstitial lung disease guideline. Thorax
63: v1-v58
[Full Text]
Inui, N., Matsui, T., Suda, T., Chida, K.
(2008). Anti-Endothelial Cell Antibodies in Patients With Sarcoidosis. Chest
133: 955-960
[Abstract][Full Text]
Murray, J. A., Lyons, J. L., Sharma, S. K., Kadhiravan, T., Guzzi, G., Severi, G., Catherinot, E., Rivaud, E., Couderc, L.-J., O'Regan, A. W., Fleming, C. A., Fernandez-Fernandez, F. J., Sesma, P., Rodriguez-Rivas, C., Bergot, E., Paparel, P., Zalcman, G., Iannuzzi, M. C., Teirstein, A. S.
(2008). Sarcoidosis.. NEJM
358: 1402-1403
[Full Text]
Morimoto, T., Azuma, A., Abe, S., Usuki, J., Kudoh, S., Sugisaki, K., Oritsu, M., Nukiwa, T.
(2008). Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in Japan. Eur Respir J
31: 372-379
[Abstract][Full Text]
Morgan, S. S., Aslam, M. B., Mukkanna, K. S., Ampat, G.
(2008). A rare presentation of sarcoidosis, back pain and spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Br
90-B: 240-242
[Abstract][Full Text]
Prasse, A., Katic, C., Germann, M., Buchwald, A., Zissel, G., Muller-Quernheim, J.
(2008). Phenotyping Sarcoidosis from a Pulmonary Perspective. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
177: 330-336
[Abstract][Full Text]
Turchin, I. MD, Nguyen, K. MDCM, Menard, H. A. MD
(2008). Cough, fever, joint pain and tender nodules: What is your call?. CMAJ
178: 151-152
[Full Text]
Prabhakaran, V. C., Saeed, P., Esmaeli, B., Sullivan, T. J., McNab, A., Davis, G., Valenzuela, A., Leibovitch, I., Kesler, A., Sivak-Callcott, J., Hoyama, E., Selva, D.
(2007). Orbital and Adnexal Sarcoidosis. Arch Ophthalmol
125: 1657-1662
[Abstract][Full Text]
Iannuzzi, M. C., Rybicki, B. A., Teirstein, A. S.
(2007). Sarcoidosis. NEJM
357: 2153-2165
[Full Text]
Facco, M., Baesso, I., Miorin, M., Bortoli, M., Cabrelle, A., Boscaro, E., Gurrieri, C., Trentin, L., Zambello, R., Calabrese, F., Cassatella, M. A., Semenzato, G., Agostini, C.
(2007). Expression and role of CCR6/CCL20 chemokine axis in pulmonary sarcoidosis. J. Leukoc. Biol.
82: 946-955
[Abstract][Full Text]
Moss, M.
(2007). Clinical Year in Review II: Interstitial Lung Disease, Sepsis, Pulmonary Infections, and Sleep Medicine. Proc Am Thorac Soc
4: 482-488
[Full Text]
Jonth, A. C., Silveira, L., Fingerlin, T. E., Sato, H., Luby, J. C., Welsh, K. I., Rose, C. S., Newman, L. S., du Bois, R. M., Maier, L. A., The ACCESS Group,
(2007). TGF-beta1 Variants in Chronic Beryllium Disease and Sarcoidosis. J. Immunol.
179: 4255-4262
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wong, M., Yasufuku, K.
(2007). From the authors. Eur Respir J
30: 602-602
[Full Text]
Rossman, M. D., Kreider, M. E.
(2007). State of the Art. Lesson Learned from ACCESS (A Case Controlled Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis). Proc Am Thorac Soc
4: 453-456
[Abstract][Full Text]
Spagnolo, P., Sato, H., Marshall, S. E., Antoniou, K. M., Ahmad, T., Wells, A. U., Ahad, M. A., Lightman, S., du Bois, R. M., Welsh, K. I.
(2007). Association between Heat Shock Protein 70/Hom Genetic Polymorphisms and Uveitis in Patients with Sarcoidosis. IOVS
48: 3019-3025
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wong, M., Yasufuku, K., Nakajima, T., Herth, F. J. F., Sekine, Y., Shibuya, K., Iizasa, T., Hiroshima, K., Lam, W. K., Fujisawa, T.
(2007). Endobronchial ultrasound: new insight for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J
29: 1182-1186
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wasfi, Y. S., Margolis, M. L.
(2007). A 45-Year-Old Man With Severe Dysphagia and Pulmonary Infiltrates. Chest
131: 1256-1259
[Full Text]
Campo, I., Morbini, P., Zorzetto, M., Tinelli, C., Brunetta, E., Villa, C., Bombieri, C., Cuccia, M., Agostini, C., Bozzi, V., Facoetti, A., Ferrarotti, I., Mazzola, P., Scabini, R., Semenzato, G., Pignatti, P. F., Pozzi, E., Luisetti, M.
(2007). Expression of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Sarcoid Granulomas. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
175: 498-506
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pandya, C., Brunken, R. C., Tchou, P., Schoenhagen, P., Culver, D. A.
(2007). Detecting cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis: a call for prospective studies of newer imaging techniques. Eur Respir J
29: 418-422
[Abstract][Full Text]
Drake, W. P., Dhason, M. S., Nadaf, M., Shepherd, B. E., Vadivelu, S., Hajizadeh, R., Newman, L. S., Kalams, S. A.
(2007). Cellular Recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 and KatG Peptides in Systemic Sarcoidosis. Infect. Immun.
75: 527-530
[Abstract][Full Text]
Grunewald, J., Eklund, A.
(2007). Sex-Specific Manifestations of Lofgren's Syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
175: 40-44
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kabitz, H.-J., Lang, F., Walterspacher, S., Sorichter, S., Muller-Quernheim, J., Windisch, W.
(2006). Impact of impaired inspiratory muscle strength on dyspnea and walking capacity in sarcoidosis.. Chest
130: 1496-1502
[Abstract][Full Text]
Weinberger, S. E.
(2006). A 47-year-old woman with sarcoidosis.. JAMA
296: 2133-2140
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nishiyama, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Fukunaga, K., Takinami, H., Iwado, Y., Satoh, K., Ohkawa, M.
(2006). Comparative Evaluation of 18F-FDG PET and 67Ga Scintigraphy in Patients with Sarcoidosis. JNM
47: 1571-1576
[Abstract][Full Text]
Baughman, R. P., Drent, M., Kavuru, M., Judson, M. A., Costabel, U., du Bois, R., Albera, C., Brutsche, M., Davis, G., Donohue, J. F., Muller-Quernheim, J., Schlenker-Herceg, R., Flavin, S., Lo, K. H., Oemar, B., Barnathan, E. S., on behalf of the Sarcoidosis Investigators,
(2006). Infliximab Therapy in Patients with Chronic Sarcoidosis and Pulmonary Involvement. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
174: 795-802
[Abstract][Full Text]
Judson, M. A., Hirst, K., Iyengar, S. K., Rybicki, B. A., El Ghormli, L., Baughman, R. P., Donohue, J. F., Elston, R. C., Kavuru, M. S., Moller, D. R., Newman, L. S., Rabin, D. L., Rossman, M. D., Teirstein, A. S., Iannuzzi, M. C., for the SAGA Study Consortium,
(2006). Comparison of sarcoidosis phenotypes among affected african-american siblings.. Chest
130: 855-862
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nguyen, T., Liu, X. K., Zhang, Y., Dong, C.
(2006). BTNL2, a Butyrophilin-Like Molecule That Functions to Inhibit T Cell Activation.. J. Immunol.
176: 7354-7360
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kruit, A., Grutters, J. C., Ruven, H. J. T., van Moorsel, C. H. M., Weiskirchen, R., Mengsteab, S., van den Bosch, J. M. M.
(2006). Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Gene Polymorphisms in Sarcoidosis Patients With and Without Fibrosis. Chest
129: 1584-1591
[Abstract][Full Text]
Antoniou, K. M., Tsiligianni, I., Kyriakou, D., Tzanakis, N., Tzouvelekis, A., Siafakas, N. M., Bouros, D.
(2006). Perforin Down-Regulation and Adhesion Molecules Activation in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: An Induced Sputum and BAL Study. Chest
129: 1592-1598
[Abstract][Full Text]
Muller-Quernheim, J., Gaede, K. I., Fireman, E., Zissel, G.
(2006). Diagnoses of chronic beryllium disease within cohorts of sarcoidosis patients. Eur Respir J
27: 1190-1195
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wasfi, Y. S., Rose, C. S., Murphy, J. R., Silveira, L. J., Grutters, J. C., Inoue, Y., Judson, M. A., Maier, L. A.
(2006). A New Tool To Assess Sarcoidosis Severity. Chest
129: 1234-1245
[Abstract][Full Text]
Li, Y, Wollnik, B, Pabst, S, Lennarz, M, Rohmann, E, Gillissen, A, Vetter, H, Grohe, C
(2006). BTNL2 gene variant and sarcoidosis.. Thorax
61: 273-274
[Full Text]
De Ravin, S. S., Naumann, N., Robinson, M. R., Barron, K. S., Kleiner, D. E., Ulrick, J., Friend, J., Anderson, V. L., Darnell, D., Kang, E. M., Malech, H. L.
(2006). Sarcoidosis in Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Pediatrics
117: e590-e595
[Abstract][Full Text]
Miyara, M., Amoura, Z., Parizot, C., Badoual, C., Dorgham, K., Trad, S., Kambouchner, M., Valeyre, D., Chapelon-Abric, C., Debre, P., Piette, J.-C., Gorochov, G.
(2006). The immune paradox of sarcoidosis and regulatory T cells. JEM
203: 359-370
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fatahzadeh, M., Rinaggio, J.
(2006). Diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis prompted by orofacial manifestations: A review of the literature. Journal of the American Dental Association
137: 54-60
[Abstract][Full Text]
Traherne, J. A., Barcellos, L. F., Sawcer, S. J., Compston, A., Ramsay, P. P., Hauser, S. L., Oksenberg, J. R., Trowsdale, J.
(2006). Association of the truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2 with multiple sclerosis is secondary to HLA-DRB1*15. Hum Mol Genet
15: 155-161
[Abstract][Full Text]
Matsuyama, W., Mitsuyama, H., Watanabe, M., Shirahama, Y., Higashimoto, I., Osame, M., Arimura, K.
(2005). Involvement of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 in the Deterioration of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.
33: 565-573
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kelly, D. M., Greene, C. M., Meachery, G., O'Mahony, M., Gallagher, P. M., Taggart, C. C., O'Neill, S. J., McElvaney, N. G.
(2005). Endotoxin Up-regulates Interleukin-18: Potential Role for Gram-Negative Colonization in Sarcoidosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
172: 1299-1307
[Abstract][Full Text]
Agostini, C., Cabrelle, A., Calabrese, F., Bortoli, M., Scquizzato, E., Carraro, S., Miorin, M., Beghe, B., Trentin, L., Zambello, R., Facco, M., Semenzato, G.
(2005). Role for CXCR6 and Its Ligand CXCL16 in the Pathogenesis of T-Cell Alveolitis in Sarcoidosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
172: 1290-1298
[Abstract][Full Text]
Spagnolo, P., Renzoni, E. A., Wells, A. U., Copley, S. J., Desai, S. R., Sato, H., Grutters, J. C., Abdallah, A., Taegtmeyer, A., du Bois, R. M., Welsh, K. I.
(2005). C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 Gene Variants in Relation to Lung Disease in Sarcoidosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
172: 721-728
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sharma, O. P.
(2005). Murray Kornfeld, American College of Chest Physician, and Sarcoidosis: a Historical Footnote: 2004 Murray Kornfeld Memorial Founders Lecture. Chest
128: 1830-1835
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ishimaru, S., Tsujino, I., Takei, T., Tsukamoto, E., Sakaue, S., Kamigaki, M., Ito, N., Ohira, H., Ikeda, D., Tamaki, N., Nishimura, M.
(2005). Focal uptake on 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography images indicates cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis. Eur Heart J
26: 1538-1543
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kreider, M. E., Christie, J. D., Thompson, B., Newman, L., Rose, C., Barnard, J., Bresnitz, E., Judson, M. A., Lackland, D. T., Rossman, M. D., for the ACCESS Research Group,
(2005). Relationship of Environmental Exposures to the Clinical Phenotype of Sarcoidosis. Chest
128: 207-215
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tadamura, E., Yamamuro, M., Kubo, S., Kanao, S., Saga, T., Harada, M., Ohba, M., Hosokawa, R., Kimura, T., Kita, T., Togashi, K.
(2005). Effectiveness of Delayed Enhanced MRI for Identification of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Comparison with Radionuclide Imaging. Am. J. Roentgenol.
185: 110-115
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ergun, I., Kabacam, G., Ekmekci, Y., Tulunay, O., Keven, K., Duman, N.
(2005). Skin nodules and acute renal failure, what is the link?. Nephrol Dial Transplant
20: 1269-1270
[Full Text]
Valentonyte, R., Hampe, J., Croucher, P. J. P., Muller-Quernheim, J., Schwinger, E., Schreiber, S., Schurmann, M.
(2005). Study of C-C Chemokine Receptor 2 Alleles in Sarcoidosis, with Emphasis on Family-based Analysis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
171: 1136-1141
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tsiodras, S., Drimala, P., Stavreas, N., Dachlythras, M., Alamani, A. M., Naoum, G.
(2005). Uterine Sarcoidosis Potentially Associated With Interferon-{alpha} Use for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. Obstet Gynecol
105: 1198-1201
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bourgeois, J. A., Maddock, R. J., Rogers, L., Greco, C. M., Mangrulkar, R. S., Saint, S.
(2005). Neurosarcoidosis and Delirium. Psychosomatics
46: 148-150
[Full Text]
Sollima, S., Croce, F., Scalamogna, C., Caramma, I., Antinori, S.
(2005). Sarcoidosis Presenting with Massive Involvement of the Nervous System. ANN INTERN MED
142: 475-476
[Full Text]
Annema, J. T., Veselic, M., Rabe, K. F.
(2005). Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J
25: 405-409
[Abstract][Full Text]
Charlier, C., Nunes, H., Trinchet, J-C., Roullet, E., Mouthon, L., Beaugrand, M., Valeyre, D.
(2005). Evolution of previous sarcoidosis under type 1 interferons given for severe associated disease. Eur Respir J
25: 570-573
[Abstract][Full Text]
Newman, L. S., Rose, C. S., Bresnitz, E. A., Rossman, M. D., Barnard, J., Frederick, M., Terrin, M. L., Weinberger, S. E., Moller, D. R., McLennan, G., Hunninghake, G., DePalo, L., Baughman, R. P., Iannuzzi, M. C., Judson, M. A., Knatterud, G. L., Thompson, B. W., Teirstein, A. S., Yeager, H. Jr., Johns, C. J., Rabin, D. L., Rybicki, B. A., Cherniack, R., the ACCESS Research Group,
(2004). A Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis: Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
170: 1324-1330
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chevalet, P., Clement, R., Rodat, O., Moreau, A., Brisseau, J.-M., Clarke, J.-P.
(2004). Sarcoidosis Diagnosed in Elderly Subjects: Retrospective Study of 30 Cases. Chest
126: 1423-1430
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hyodo, E, Hozumi, T, Takemoto, Y, Watanabe, H, Muro, T, Yamagishi, H, Yoshiyama, M, Takeuchi, K, Yoshikawa, J
(2004). Early detection of cardiac involvement in patients with sarcoidosis by a non-invasive method with ultrasonic tissue characterisation. Heart
90: 1275-1280
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bruns, F, Pruemer, B, Haverkamp, U, Fischedick, A-R
(2004). Neurosarcoidosis: an unusual indication for radiotherapy. Br. J. Radiol.
77: 777-779
[Abstract][Full Text]
Martin, W. J. II, Iannuzzi, M. C., Gail, D. B., Peavy, H. H.
(2004). Future Directions in Sarcoidosis Research: Summary of an NHLBI Working Group. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
170: 567-571
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nishiwaki, T., Yoneyama, H., Eishi, Y., Matsuo, N., Tatsumi, K., Kimura, H., Kuriyama, T., Matsushima, K.
(2004). Indigenous Pulmonary Propionibacterium acnes Primes the Host in the Development of Sarcoid-Like Pulmonary Granulomatosis in Mice. Am. J. Pathol.
165: 631-639
[Abstract][Full Text]
(2004). Erythematous Lesions on the Scalp--Diagnosis. Arch Dermatol
140: 1003-1008
[Full Text]
Jung, G., Brill, N., Poll, L. W., Koch, J. A., Wettstein, M.
(2004). MRI of Hepatic Sarcoidosis: Large Confluent Lesions Mimicking Malignancy. Am. J. Roentgenol.
183: 171-173
[Full Text]
Kukura, S., Viklicky, O., Lacha, J., Voska, L., Honsova, E., Teplan, V.
(2004). Recurrence of sarcoidosis in renal allograft during pregnancy. Nephrol Dial Transplant
19: 1640-1642
[Full Text]
Grunewald, J., Eklund, A., Olerup, O.
(2004). Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Alleles and the Disease Course in Sarcoidosis Patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
169: 696-702
[Abstract][Full Text]
Psathakis, K., Papatheodorou, G., Plataki, M., Panagou, P., Loukides, S., Siafakas, N. M., Bouros, D.
(2004). 8-Isoprostane, a Marker of Oxidative Stress, Is Increased in the Expired Breath Condensate of Patients With Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. Chest
125: 1005-1011
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kobayashi, S., Kaneko, Y., Seino, K.-i., Yamada, Y., Motohashi, S., Koike, J., Sugaya, K., Kuriyama, T., Asano, S., Tsuda, T., Wakao, H., Harada, M., Kojo, S., Nakayama, T., Taniguchi, M.
(2004). Impaired IFN-{gamma} production of V{alpha}24 NKT cells in non-remitting sarcoidosis. Int Immunol
16: 215-222
[Abstract][Full Text]
Warshauer, D. M., Lee, J. K. T.
(2004). Imaging Manifestations of Abdominal Sarcoidosis. Am. J. Roentgenol.
182: 15-28
[Full Text]
Baumann, R. J., Robertson, W. C. Jr
(2003). Neurosarcoid Presents Differently in Children Than in Adults. Pediatrics
112: e480-486
[Abstract][Full Text]
(2003). An unusual cause of peripheral neuropathy in a diabetic patient on dialysis: "a sural surprise". Postgrad. Med. J.
79: 480-481
[Full Text]
Judson, M. A.
(2003). The Etiologic Agent of Sarcoidosis: What If There Isn't One?. Chest
124: 6-8
[Full Text]
Grutters, J. C., Fellrath, J.-M., Mulder, L., Janssen, R., van den Bosch, J. M. M., van Velzen-Blad, H.
(2003). Serum Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor Measurement in Patients With Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Evaluation. Chest
124: 186-195
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yamagishi, H., Shirai, N., Takagi, M., Yoshiyama, M., Akioka, K., Takeuchi, K., Yoshikawa, J.
(2003). Identification of Cardiac Sarcoidosis with 13N-NH3/18F-FDG PET. JNM
44: 1030-1036
[Abstract][Full Text]
Thomas, K. W., Hunninghake, G. W.
(2003). Sarcoidosis. JAMA
289: 3300-3303
[Full Text]
Gibejova, A., Mrazek, F., Subrtova, D., Sekerova, V., Szotkowska, J., Kolek, V., du Bois, R. M., Petrek, M.
(2003). Expression of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3{beta}/CCL19 in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
167: 1695-1703
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kucera, G. P., Rybicki, B. A., Kirkey, K. L., Coon, S. W., Major, M. L., Maliarik, M. J., Iannuzzi, M. C.
(2003). Occupational Risk Factors for Sarcoidosis in African-American Siblings. Chest
123: 1527-1535
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ziegenhagen, M.W., Rothe, M.E., Schlaak, M., Muller-Quernheim, J.
(2003). Bronchoalveolar and serological parameters reflecting the severity of sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J
21: 407-413
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fehrenbach, H., Zissel, G., Goldmann, T., Tschernig, T., Vollmer, E., Pabst, R., Muller-Quernheim, J.
(2003). Alveolar macrophages are the main source for tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} in patients with sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J
21: 421-428
[Abstract][Full Text]
Judson, M. A., Thompson, B. W., Rabin, D. L., Steimel, J., Knattereud, G. L., Lackland, D. T., Rose, C., Rand, C. S., Baughman, R. P., Teirstein, A. S.
(2003). The Diagnostic Pathway to Sarcoidosis. Chest
123: 406-412
[Abstract][Full Text]
Safirstein, B. H., Klukowicz, A., Miller, R., Teirstein, A.
(2003). Granulomatous Pneumonitis Following Exposure to the World Trade Center Collapse. Chest
123: 301-304
[Abstract][Full Text]
Petrek, M., Kolek, V., Szotkowska, J., du Bois, R.M.
(2002). CC and C chemokine expression in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J
20: 1206-1212
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mushlin, S. B., Drazen, J. M., Samuels, M. A., Mark, E. J.
(2002). Case 33-2002 - A 28-Year-Old Woman with Ocular Inflammation, Fever, and Headache. NEJM
347: 1350-1357
[Full Text]
Sato, H., Grutters, J. C., Pantelidis, P., Mizzon, A. N., Ahmad, T., van Houte, A.-J., Lammers, J.-W. J., van den Bosch, J. M.M., Welsh, K. I., du Bois, R. M.
(2002). HLA-DQB1*0201: A Marker for Good Prognosis in British and Dutch Patients with Sarcoidosis. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.
27: 406-412
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stridh, H, Planck, A, Gigliotti, D, Eklund, A, Grunewald, J
(2002). Apoptosis resistant bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. Thorax
57: 897-901
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zorzetto, M., Bombieri, C., Ferrarotti, I., Medaglia, S., Agostini, C., Tinelli, C., Malerba, G., Carrabino, N., Beretta, A., Casali, L., Pozzi, E., Pignatti, P. F., Semenzato, G., Cuccia, M. C., Luisetti, M.
(2002). Complement Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms in Sarcoidosis. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.
27: 17-23
[Abstract][Full Text]
Karrer, S., Abels, C., Wimmershoff, M. B., Landthaler, M., Szeimies, R.-M.
(2002). Successful Treatment of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis Using Topical Photodynamic Therapy. Arch Dermatol
138: 581-584
[Full Text]
Litinsky, I, Elkayam, O, Flusser, G, Segal, R, Yaron, M, Caspi, D
(2002). Sarcoidosis: TB or not TB?. Ann Rheum Dis
61: 385-386
[Full Text]
Grunewald, J, Wahlstrom, J, Berlin, M, Wigzell, H, Eklund, A, Olerup, O
(2002). Lung restricted T cell receptor AV2S3+ CD4+ T cell expansions in sarcoidosis patients with a shared HLA-DR{beta} chain conformation. Thorax
57: 348-352
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fontenot, A. P., Maier, L. A., Canavera, S. J., Hendry-Hofer, T. B., Boguniewicz, M., Barker, E. A., Newman, L. S., Kotzin, B. L.
(2002). Beryllium Skin Patch Testing to Analyze T Cell Stimulation and Granulomatous Inflammation in the Lung. J. Immunol.
168: 3627-3634
[Abstract][Full Text]
Baumgartner, B. J., Sorensen, D. M., Willard, C. C.
(2002). Pathology Quiz Case. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
128: 195-196
[Full Text]
Miller, A.
(2002). Of Time and Experience : Sarcoidosis Revisited. Chest
121: 3-5
[Full Text]
Freemer, M., King, T. E. Jr.
(2001). The ACCESS Study . Characterization of Sarcoidosis in the United States. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
164: 1754-1755
[Full Text]
Rabin, D.L., Richardson, M.S.A., Stein, S.R., Yeager, H. Jr
(2001). Sarcoidosis severity and socioeconomic status. Eur Respir J
18: 499-506
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hermans, C., Petrek, M., Kolek, V., Weynand, B., Pieters, T., Lambert, M., Bernard, A.
(2001). Serum Clara cell protein (CC16), a marker of the integrity of the air-blood barrier in sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J
18: 507-514
[Abstract][Full Text]
Arcasoy, S. M., Christie, J. D., Pochettino, A., Rosengard, B. R., Blumenthal, N. P., Bavaria, J. E., Kotloff, R. M.
(2001). Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Sarcoidosis Listed for Lung Transplantation. Chest
120: 873-880
[Abstract][Full Text]
du Bois, R. M.
(2001). Sarcoidosis: Do Our Genes Really Matter?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
164: 725-726
[Full Text]
McGRATH, D. S., FOLEY, P. J., PETREK, M., IZAKOVICOVA-HOLLA, L., DOLEK, V., VEERARAGHAVAN, S., LYMPANY, P. A., PANTELIDIS, P., VASKU, A., WELLS, A. U., WELSH, K. I., DU BOIS, R. M.
(2001). ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism and Sarcoidosis Pulmonary Disease Severity. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
164: 197-201
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ankersmit, H. J., Wieselthaler, G. A., Moser, B., Taghavi, S., Grimm, M., Roth, G., Gorlitzer, M., Tschernich, H., Horvat, R., Wolner, E.
(2001). Automated implantable cardiac defibrillator and biventricular thoratec assist device as bridge to transplantation in a patient with sarcoidosis. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
121: 1198-1199
[Full Text]