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Drug policy in America appears to have originated from two competing conceptions of addiction. The "criminal model," which originated many generations ago, views addiction as one of the many deviant types of behavior exhibited by the large and worrisome "dangerous classes" of predatory and violent criminals. By contrast, the "medical model" considers addiction to be a chronic and relapsing disease that should be addressed in the manner of other physical disorders by the medical and other healing professions. For well over a century, the criminal model has been dominant, and it has a legacy of limited success.
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