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Cancer can involve the nervous system in many ways. Metastases to brain parenchyma occur in 20 to 40 percent of patients with cancer, spinal cord compressions are diagnosed in over 5 percent of patients with cancer, and leptomeningeal involvement is seen in approximately 30 percent of patients with lung cancer and 5 percent of patients with breast cancer. Primary tumors of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves are far less common but comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors with vastly differing prognoses and appropriate therapies. In addition, clinicians must be familiar with paraneoplastic syndromes that infrequently result in devastating
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