Obesity is the most common and costly nutritional problem inthe United States, affecting approximately 33 percent of adults.1Health care costs directly attributable to obesity amount toapproximately $68 billion per year, and an additional $30 billionper year is spent on weight-reduction programs and special foods.2Nevertheless, treatment directed toward the long-term reductionof body weight is largely ineffective, and 90 to 95 percentof persons who lose weight subsequently regain it.3,4
The level of energy storage, or fatness, at which the risk ofmorbidity increases is determined on an actuarial basis. Thebody-mass index (the weight in . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Regulation of Energy Storage, Intake, and Expenditure
Neurophysiology of Feeding
Metabolic Effects of Weight Perturbation
Futile Cycles
Chemical Mediators of Energy Homeostasis
Insulin
Cholecystokinin
Other Endocrine and Peptide Signals
Leptin
Leptin Receptors
Neuropeptide Y
Genetic Factors
Treatment
Lifestyle Modification
The Role of Dietary Composition
The Role of Exercise
The Role of Behavior Modification
Drug Therapy
Surgical Therapy
Conclusions
Source Information
From the Laboratory of Human Behavior and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10021, where reprint requests should be addressed to Dr. Hirsch.
References
Related Letters:
Obesity
Seaton T. B., Mendel C. M., Weinstein S. P., Eisenbud E., Hirsch J., Leibel R. L., Rosenbaum M.
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N Engl J Med 1998;
338:64-65, Jan 1, 1998.
Correspondence
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