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The tools for the clinical diagnosis of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are no longer limited to a physical examination, rigid endoscopy, and barium contrast radiography but also include fiberoptic endoscopy, ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. These techniques continue to find new applications, such as assessment of the pancreatic and common bile ducts by magnetic resonance imaging with high-quality T2-weighted images. Additional methods, such as positron-emission tomography, spiral three-dimensional computed tomography, and virtual endoscopy, are being studied. All these procedures are used for the initial diagnosis and staging, monitoring the response to treatment, and the
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