Trends in the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction and in Mortality Due to Coronary Heart Disease, 1987 to 1994
Wayne D. Rosamond, Ph.D., Lloyd E. Chambless, Ph.D., Aaron R. Folsom, M.D., Lawton S. Cooper, M.D., David E. Conwill, M.D., Limin Clegg, Ph.D., Chin-Hua Wang, Ph.D., and Gerardo Heiss, M.D., Ph.D.
Background and Methods To clarify the determinants of contemporarytrends in mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), we conductedsurveillance of hospital admissions for myocardial infarctionand of in-hospital and out-of-hospital deaths due to CHD among35-to-74-year-old residents of four communities of varying sizein the United States (a total of 352,481 persons in 1994). Between1987 and 1994, we estimate that there were 11,869 hospitalizationsfor myocardial infarction (on the basis of 8572 hospitalizationssampled) and 3407 fatal coronary events (3023 sampled).
Results The largest average annual decrease in mortality dueto CHD occurred among white men (change in mortality, –4.7percent; 95 percent confidence interval, –2.2 to –7.1percent), followed by white women (–4.5 percent; 95 percentconfidence interval, –0.7 to –8.2 percent), blackwomen (–4.1 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, –10.3to +2.5 percent), and black men (–2.5 percent; 95 percentconfidence interval, –6.9 to +2.2 percent). Overall, in-hospitalmortality from CHD fell by 5.1 percent per year, whereas out-of-hospitalmortality declined by 3.6 percent per year. There was no evidenceof a decline in the incidence of hospitalization for a firstmyocardial infarction among either men or women; in fact, suchhospital admissions increased by 7.4 percent per year (95 percentconfidence interval, 0.5 to 14.8 percent) among black womenand 2.9 percent per year (95 percent confidence interval, –3.6to +9.9 percent) among black men. Rates of recurrent myocardialinfarction decreased, and survival after myocardial infarctionimproved.
Conclusions From 1987 to 1994, we observed a stable or slightlyincreasing incidence of hospitalization for myocardial infarction.Nevertheless, there were significant annual decreases in mortalityfrom CHD. The decline in mortality in the four communities westudied may be due largely to improvements in the treatmentand secondary prevention of myocardial infarction.
Source Information
From the Departments of Epidemiology (W.D.R., G.H.) and Biostatistics (L.E.C., L.C., C.-H.W.), School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; the Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (A.R.F.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md. (L.S.C.); and the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (D.E.C.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Rosamond at the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7400, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Nichol, G., Thomas, E., Callaway, C. W., Hedges, J., Powell, J. L., Aufderheide, T. P., Rea, T., Lowe, R., Brown, T., Dreyer, J., Davis, D., Idris, A., Stiell, I.
(2008). Regional Variation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Incidence and Outcome. JAMA
300: 1423-1431
[Abstract][Full Text]
Mahoney, E. M., Wang, K., Cohen, D. J., Hirsch, A. T., Alberts, M. J., Eagle, K., Mosse, F., Jackson, J. D., Steg, P. G., Bhatt, D. L., on behalf of the REACH Registry Investigators,
(2008). One-Year Costs in Patients With a History of or at Risk for Atherothrombosis in the United States. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes
1: 38-45
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dale, A. C., Vatten, L. J, Nilsen, T. I., Midthjell, K., Wiseth, R.
(2008). Secular decline in mortality from coronary heart disease in adults with diabetes mellitus: cohort study. BMJ
337: a236-a236
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sanfilippo, F. M., Hobbs, M. S. T., Knuiman, M. W., Hung, J.
(2008). Impact of New Biomarkers of Myocardial Damage on Trends in Myocardial Infarction Hospital Admission Rates from Population-based Administrative Data. Am J Epidemiol
168: 225-233
[Abstract][Full Text]
Vanholder, R., Baurmeister, U., Brunet, P., Cohen, G., Glorieux, G., Jankowski, J., for the European Uremic Toxin Work Group,
(2008). A Bench to Bedside View of Uremic Toxins. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
19: 863-870
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nichol, G., Rumsfeld, J., Eigel, B., Abella, B. S., Labarthe, D., Hong, Y., O'Connor, R. E., Mosesso, V. N., Berg, R. A., Leeper, B. B., Weisfeldt, M. L.
(2008). Essential Features of Designating Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest as a Reportable Event: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation
117: 2299-2308
[Abstract][Full Text]
Setoguchi, S., Glynn, R. J., Avorn, J., Mittleman, M. A., Levin, R., Winkelmayer, W. C.
(2008). Improvements in Long-Term Mortality After Myocardial Infarction and Increased Use of Cardiovascular Drugs After Discharge: A 10-Year Trend Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol
51: 1247-1254
[Abstract][Full Text]
Boden, W. E., Maron, D. J.
(2008). Reducing Post-Myocardial Infarction Mortality in the Elderly: The Power and Promise of Secondary Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol
51: 1255-1257
[Full Text]
Ringborg, A., Nieuwlaat, R., Lindgren, P., Jonsson, B., Fidan, D., Maggioni, A. P., Lopez-Sendon, J., Stepinska, J., Cokkinos, D. V., Crijns, H. J.G.M.
(2008). Costs of atrial fibrillation in five European countries: results from the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation. Europace
10: 403-411
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nemetz, P. N., Roger, V. L., Ransom, J. E., Bailey, K. R., Edwards, W. D., Leibson, C. L.
(2008). Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Coronary Disease: A Population-Based Autopsy Study of Nonnatural Deaths. Arch Intern Med
168: 264-270
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ford, E. S., Capewell, S.
(2007). Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Young Adults in the U.S. From 1980 Through 2002: Concealed Leveling of Mortality Rates. J Am Coll Cardiol
50: 2128-2132
[Abstract][Full Text]
Davies, A. R., Smeeth, L., Grundy, E. M. D.
(2007). Contribution of changes in incidence and mortality to trends in the prevalence of coronary heart disease in the UK: 1996 2005. Eur Heart J
28: 2142-2147
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roger, V. L.
(2007). Coronary disease surveillance: a public health imperative. Eur Heart J
28: 2051-2052
[Full Text]
Miller, D. T., Ridker, P. M., Libby, P., Kwiatkowski, D. J.
(2007). Atherosclerosis: The Path From Genomics to Therapeutics. J Am Coll Cardiol
49: 1589-1599
[Abstract][Full Text]
Buch, P, Rasmussen, S, Gislason, G H, Rasmussen, J N, Kober, L, Gadsboll, N, Stender, S, Madsen, M, Torp-Pedersen, C, Abildstrom, S Z
(2007). Temporal decline in the prognostic impact of a recurrent acute myocardial infarction 1985 to 2002. Heart
93: 210-215
[Abstract][Full Text]
Goff, D. C. Jr, Brass, L., Braun, L. T., Croft, J. B., Flesch, J. D., Fowkes, F. G.R., Hong, Y., Howard, V., Huston, S., Jencks, S. F., Luepker, R., Manolio, T., O'Donnell, C., Marie Robertson, R., Rosamond, W., Rumsfeld, J., Sidney, S., Zheng, Z. J.
(2007). Essential Features of a Surveillance System to Support the Prevention and Management of Heart Disease and Stroke: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Councils on Epidemiology and Prevention, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Nursing and the Interdisciplinary Working Groups on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease. Circulation
115: 127-155
[Full Text]
Pearson, T. A.
(2007). The Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease: Have We Really Made Progress?. Health Aff (Millwood)
26: 49-60
[Abstract][Full Text]
Masoudi, F. A., Foody, J. M., Havranek, E. P., Wang, Y., Radford, M. J., Allman, R. M., Gold, J., Wiblin, R. T., Krumholz, H. M.
(2006). Trends in Acute Myocardial Infarction in 4 US States Between 1992 and 2001: Clinical Characteristics, Quality of Care, and Outcomes. Circulation
114: 2806-2814
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roger, V. L.
(2006). Redefinition of myocardial infarction: new challenges and opportunities. Eur Heart J
27: 2373-2375
[Full Text]
Huovinen, E., Harkanen, T., Martelin, T., Koskinen, S., Aromaa, A.
(2006). Predicting coronary heart disease mortality--assessing uncertainties in population forecasts and death probabilities by using Bayesian inference. Int J Epidemiol
35: 1246-1252
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ajani, U. A., Ford, E. S.
(2006). Has the Risk for Coronary Heart Disease Changed Among U.S. Adults?. J Am Coll Cardiol
48: 1177-1182
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gerber, Y., Jacobsen, S. J., Frye, R. L., Weston, S. A., Killian, J. M., Roger, V. L.
(2006). Secular Trends in Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases: A 25-Year Community Study. Circulation
113: 2285-2292
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pearte, C. A., Furberg, C. D., O'Meara, E. S., Psaty, B. M., Kuller, L., Powe, N. R., Manolio, T.
(2006). Characteristics and Baseline Clinical Predictors of Future Fatal Versus Nonfatal Coronary Heart Disease Events in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation
113: 2177-2185
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tang, E. W., Wong, C.-K., Restieaux, N. J., Herbison, P., Williams, M. J. A., Kay, P., Wilkins, G. T.
(2006). Clinical outcome of older patients with acute coronary syndrome over the last three decades.. Age Ageing
35: 280-285
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yuan, G., Wang, J., Hegele, R. A.
(2006). Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: an underrecognized cause of early cardiovascular disease.. CMAJ
174: 1124-1129
[Abstract][Full Text]
England, H., Weinberg, P. S., Estes, N. A. M. III
(2006). The Automated External Defibrillator: Clinical Benefits and Legal Liability. JAMA
295: 687-690
[Full Text]
Scognamiglio, R., Negut, C., Ramondo, A., Tiengo, A., Avogaro, A.
(2006). Detection of Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol
47: 65-71
[Abstract][Full Text]
Booth, G. L., Kapral, M. K., Fung, K., Tu, J. V.
(2006). Recent Trends in Cardiovascular Complications Among Men and Women With and Without Diabetes. Diabetes Care
29: 32-37
[Abstract][Full Text]
Johnsen, S P, Videbaek, J, Pedersen, L, Steffensen, R, Videbaek, R, Niemann, T, Nielsen, T T, Sorensen, H T
(2006). Survival trends among Danish patients undergoing coronary angiography for known or suspected ischaemic heart disease: a population based follow up study, 1992-2000. Heart
92: 27-31
[Abstract][Full Text]
Scognamiglio, R., Negut, C., Ramondo, A., Tiengo, A., Avogaro, A.
(2005). Detection of Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol
0: j.jacc.2005.10.008v1-11514
[Abstract][Full Text]
Witt, B. J., Brown, R. D. Jr., Jacobsen, S. J., Weston, S. A., Yawn, B. P., Roger, V. L.
(2005). A Community-Based Study of Stroke Incidence after Myocardial Infarction. ANN INTERN MED
143: 785-792
[Abstract][Full Text]
Aazami, R.
(2005). Initial Appraisal of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Journal of Pharmacy Practice
18: 377-393
[Abstract]
Beck, J. D., Eke, P., Heiss, G., Madianos, P., Couper, D., Lin, D., Moss, K., Elter, J., Offenbacher, S.
(2005). Periodontal Disease and Coronary Heart Disease: A Reappraisal of the Exposure. Circulation
112: 19-24
[Abstract][Full Text]
Murphy, N F, MacIntyre, K, Stewart, S, Capewell, S, McMurray, J J V
(2005). Reduced between-hospital variation in short term survival after acute myocardial infarction: the result of improved cardiac care?. Heart
91: 726-730
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cleland, J G F, Torabi, A, Khan, N K
(2005). Epidemiology and management of heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the aftermath of a myocardial infarction. Heart
91: ii7-ii13
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gregg, E. W., Cheng, Y. J., Cadwell, B. L., Imperatore, G., Williams, D. E., Flegal, K. M., Narayan, K. M. V., Williamson, D. F.
(2005). Secular Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors According to Body Mass Index in US Adults. JAMA
293: 1868-1874
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sans, S., Puigdefabregas, A., Paluzie, G., Monterde, D., Balaguer-Vintro, I.
(2005). Increasing trends of acute myocardial infarction in Spain: the MONICA-Catalonia Study. Eur Heart J
26: 505-515
[Abstract][Full Text]
Crow, R. S., Hannan, P. J., Jacobs, D. R. Jr., Lee, S.-M., Blackburn, H., Luepker, R. V.
(2005). Eliminating Diagnostic Drift in the Validation of Acute In-Hospital Myocardial Infarction--Implication for Documenting Trends across 25 Years: The Minnesota Heart Survey. Am J Epidemiol
161: 377-388
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lentine, K. L., Brennan, D. C., Schnitzler, M. A.
(2005). Incidence and Predictors of Myocardial Infarction after Kidney Transplantation. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
16: 496-506
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rosamond, W. D., Chambless, L. E., Sorlie, P. D., Bell, E. M., Weitzman, S., Smith, J. C., Folsom, A. R.
(2004). Trends in the Sensitivity, Positive Predictive Value, False-Positive Rate, and Comparability Ratio of Hospital Discharge Diagnosis Codes for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Four US Communities, 1987-2000. Am J Epidemiol
160: 1137-1146
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roger, V. L.
(2004). Invited Commentary: Will Heart Attacks Be "Gone with the Century"?. Am J Epidemiol
160: 1147-1149
[Full Text]
Fox, C. S., Coady, S., Sorlie, P. D., Levy, D., Meigs, J. B., D'Agostino, R. B. Sr, Wilson, P. W. F., Savage, P. J.
(2004). Trends in Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes. JAMA
292: 2495-2499
[Abstract][Full Text]
Folsom, A. R., Evans, G. W., Carr, J. J., Stillman, A. E., Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study I,
(2004). Association of Traditional and Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Coronary Artery Calcification. ANGIOLOGY
55: 613-623
[Abstract]
Folsom, A. R., Evans, G. W., Carr, J. J., Stillman, A. E., Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study I,
(2004). Association of Traditional and Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Coronary Artery Calcification. ANGIOLOGY
55: 613-623
[Abstract]
Imperatore, G., Cadwell, B. L., Geiss, L., Saadinne, J. B., Williams, D. E., Ford, E. S., Thompson, T. J., Venkat Narayan, K. M., Gregg, E. W.
(2004). Thirty-year Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Levels among US Adults with Diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1971-2000. Am J Epidemiol
160: 531-539
[Abstract][Full Text]
The Public Access Defibrillation Trial Investigato,
(2004). Public-Access Defibrillation and Survival after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. NEJM
351: 637-646
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fox, C. S., Evans, J. C., Larson, M. G., Kannel, W. B., Levy, D.
(2004). Temporal Trends in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality and Sudden Cardiac Death From 1950 to 1999: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation
110: 522-527
[Abstract][Full Text]
Steenland, K., Hu, S., Walker, J.
(2004). All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality by Socioeconomic Status Among Employed Persons in 27 US States, 1984-1997. Am. J. Public Health
94: 1037-1042
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jokhadar, M., Jacobsen, S. J., Reeder, G. S., Weston, S. A., Roger, V. L.
(2004). Sudden Death and Recurrent Ischemic Events after Myocardial Infarction in the Community. Am J Epidemiol
159: 1040-1046
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fang, J., Alderman, M. H.
(2004). Does Supplemental Private Insurance Affect Care of Medicare Recipients Hospitalized for Myocardial Infarction?. Am. J. Public Health
94: 778-782
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lofgren, I., Herron, K., Zern, T., West, K., Patalay, M., Shachter, N. S., Koo, S. I., Fernandez, M. L.
(2004). Waist Circumference Is a Better Predictor than Body Mass Index of Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Overweight Premenopausal Women. J. Nutr.
134: 1071-1076
[Abstract][Full Text]
Armstrong, K., Schwartz, J. S., Randall, T., Rubin, S. C., Weber, B.
(2004). Hormone Replacement Therapy and Life Expectancy After Prophylactic Oophorectomy in Women With BRCA1/2 Mutations: A Decision Analysis. JCO
22: 1045-1054
[Abstract][Full Text]
Walker, A R P, Walker, B F, Segal, I
(2004). Some puzzling situations in the onset, occurrence and future of coronary heart disease in developed and developing populations, particularly such in sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health
124: 40-46
[Abstract]
Silvet, H., Spencer, F., Yarzebski, J., Lessard, D., Gore, J. M., Goldberg, R. J.
(2003). Communitywide Trends in the Use and Outcomes Associated With {beta}-Blockers in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Worcester Heart Attack Study. Arch Intern Med
163: 2175-2183
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kernis, S. J., Harjai, K. J., Stone, G. W., Grines, L. L., Boura, J. A., Yerkey, M. W., O'Neill, W., Grines, C. L.
(2003). The incidence, predictors, and outcomes of early reinfarction after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol
42: 1173-1177
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bridges, C. R.
(2003). Cardiac surgery in African Americans. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
76: S1356-1362
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kubo, M., Kiyohara, Y., Kato, I., Tanizaki, Y., Arima, H., Tanaka, K., Nakamura, H., Okubo, K., Iida, M.
(2003). Trends in the Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Rate of Cardiovascular Disease in a Japanese Community: The Hisayama Study. Stroke
34: 2349-2354
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rea, T. D., Crouthamel, M., Eisenberg, M. S., Becker, L. J., Lima, A. R.
(2003). Temporal Patterns in Long-Term Survival After Resuscitation From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Circulation
108: 1196-1201
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hellermann, J. P., Goraya, T. Y., Jacobsen, S. J., Weston, S. A., Reeder, G. S., Gersh, B. J., Redfield, M. M., Rodeheffer, R. J., Yawn, B. P., Roger, V. L.
(2003). Incidence of Heart Failure after Myocardial Infarction: Is It Changing over Time?. Am J Epidemiol
157: 1101-1107
[Abstract][Full Text]
Goraya, T. Y., Jacobsen, S. J., Kottke, T. E., Frye, R. L., Weston, S. A., Roger, V. L.
(2003). Coronary Heart Disease Death and Sudden Cardiac Death: A 20-Year Population-based Study. Am J Epidemiol
157: 763-770
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rosamond, W. D.
(2003). Invited Commentary: Trends in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality--Location, Location, Location. Am J Epidemiol
157: 771-773
[Full Text]
Wu, K. K., Aleksic, N., Ballantyne, C. M., Ahn, C., Juneja, H., Boerwinkle, E.
(2003). Interaction Between Soluble Thrombomodulin and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Predicting Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Circulation
107: 1729-1732
[Abstract][Full Text]
Steinberger, J., Daniels, S. R.
(2003). Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Risk in Children: An American Heart Association Scientific Statement From the Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee (Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young) and the Diabetes Committee (Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism). Circulation
107: 1448-1453
[Full Text]
Moliterno, D. J., Chan, A. W.
(2003). Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition in early intent-to-stent treatment of acute coronary syndromes: EPISTENT, ADMIRAL, CADILLAC, and TARGET. J Am Coll Cardiol
41: 49S-54S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Salomaa, V., Ketonen, M., Koukkunen, H., Immonen-Raiha, P., Jerkkola, T., Karja-Koskenkari, P., Mahonen, M., Niemela, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Palomaki, P., Arstila, M., Vuorenmaa, T., Lehtonen, A., Lehto, S., Miettinen, H., Torppa, J., Tuomilehto, J., Kesaniemi, Y.A., Pyorala, K.
(2003). Trends in coronary events in Finland during 1983-1997; The FINAMI study. Eur Heart J
24: 311-319
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jones, D. W., Chambless, L. E., Folsom, A. R., Heiss, G., Hutchinson, R. G., Sharrett, A. R., Szklo, M., Taylor, H. A. Jr
(2002). Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in African Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987-1997. Arch Intern Med
162: 2565-2571
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liao, D., Carnethon, M., Evans, G. W., Cascio, W. E., Heiss, G.
(2002). Lower Heart Rate Variability Is Associated With the Development of Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals With Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Diabetes
51: 3524-3531
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bild, D. E., Bluemke, D. A., Burke, G. L., Detrano, R., Diez Roux, A. V., Folsom, A. R., Greenland, P., JacobsJr., D. R., Kronmal, R., Liu, K., Nelson, J. C., O'Leary, D., Saad, M. F., Shea, S., Szklo, M., Tracy, R. P.
(2002). Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Objectives and Design. Am J Epidemiol
156: 871-881
[Abstract][Full Text]
Redfield, M. M.
(2002). Heart Failure -- An Epidemic of Uncertain Proportions. NEJM
347: 1442-1444
[Full Text]
Caffrey, S. L., Willoughby, P. J., Pepe, P. E., Becker, L. B.
(2002). Public Use of Automated External Defibrillators. NEJM
347: 1242-1247
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hellermann, J. P., Reeder, G. S., Jacobsen, S. J., Weston, S. A., Killian, J. M., Roger, V. L.
(2002). Longitudinal Trends in the Severity of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Population Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Am J Epidemiol
156: 246-253
[Abstract][Full Text]
Steenland, K., Henley, J., Thun, M.
(2002). All-Cause and Cause-specific Death Rates by Educational Status for Two Million People in Two American Cancer Society Cohorts, 1959-1996. Am J Epidemiol
156: 11-21
[Abstract][Full Text]
Romero, A. L., West, K. L., Zern, T., Fernandez, M. L.
(2002). The Seeds from Plantago ovata Lower Plasma Lipids by Altering Hepatic and Bile Acid Metabolism in Guinea Pigs. J. Nutr.
132: 1194-1198
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kuch, B., Bolte, H.-D., Hoermann, A., Meisinger, C., Loewel, H.
(2002). What is the real hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction?. Epidemiological vs clinical view. Eur Heart J
23: 714-720
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pereira, M. A., Jacobs, D. R. Jr, Van Horn, L., Slattery, M. L., Kartashov, A. I., Ludwig, D. S.
(2002). Dairy Consumption, Obesity, and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Young Adults: The CARDIA Study. JAMA
287: 2081-2089
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roger, V. L., Jacobsen, S. J., Weston, S. A., Goraya, T. Y., Killian, J., Reeder, G. S., Kottke, T. E., Yawn, B. P., Frye, R. L.
(2002). Trends in the Incidence and Survival of Patients with Hospitalized Myocardial Infarction, Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1979 to 1994. ANN INTERN MED
136: 341-348
[Abstract][Full Text]
Peeters, A, Mamun, A.A, Willekens, F, Bonneux, L
(2002). A cardiovascular life history. Eur Heart J
23: 458-466
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roeters van Lennep, J. E, Westerveld, H.T., Erkelens, D.W., van der Wall, E. E
(2002). Risk factors for coronary heart disease: implications of gender. Cardiovasc Res
53: 538-549
[Abstract][Full Text]
Aleksic, N., Ahn, C., Wang, Y.-W., Juneja, H., Folsom, A. R., Boerwinkle, E., Wu, K. K.
(2002). Factor XIIIA Val34Leu Polymorphism Does Not Predict Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
22: 348-352
[Abstract][Full Text]
Giri, S., Shaw, L. J., Murthy, D. R., Travin, M. I., Miller, D. D., Hachamovitch, R., Borges-Neto, S., Berman, D. S., Waters, D. D., Heller, G. V.
(2002). Impact of Diabetes on the Risk Stratification Using Stress Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients With Symptoms Suggestive of Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation
105: 32-40
[Abstract][Full Text]
Armstrong, K., Chen, T.-M., Albert, D., Randall, T. C., Schwartz, J. S.
(2001). Cost-Effectiveness of Raloxifene and Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: Impact of Breast Cancer Risk. Obstet Gynecol
98: 996-1003
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wong, S. C., Sleeper, L. A., Monrad, E. S., Menegus, M. A., Palazzo, A., Dzavik, V., Jacobs, A., Jiang, X., Hochman, J. S., for the SHOCK Investigators,
(2001). Absence of gender differences in clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: A report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol
38: 1395-1401
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lampe, F C, Morris, R W, Whincup, P H, Walker, M, Ebrahim, S, Shaper, A G
(2001). Is the prevalence of coronary heart disease falling in British men?. Heart
86: 499-505
[Abstract][Full Text]
Barnett, E., Halverson, J.
(2001). Local Increases in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Blacks and Whites in the United States, 1985-1995. Am. J. Public Health
91: 1499-1506
[Abstract][Full Text]
McGovern, P. G., Jacobs, D. R. Jr, Shahar, E., Arnett, D. K., Folsom, A. R., Blackburn, H., Luepker, R. V.
(2001). Trends in Acute Coronary Heart Disease Mortality, Morbidity, and Medical Care From 1985 Through 1997 : The Minnesota Heart Survey. Circulation
104: 19-24
[Abstract][Full Text]
STACK, A. G., BLOEMBERGEN, W. E.
(2001). Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Coronary Artery Disease among New Dialysis Patients in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
12: 1516-1523
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ayanian, J. Z., Quinn, T. J.
(2001). Quality Of Care For Coronary Heart Disease In Two Countries. Health Aff (Millwood)
20: 55-67
[Abstract][Full Text]
Carnendran, L, Abboud, R, Sleeper, L.A, Gurunathan, R, Webb, J.G, Menon, V, Dzavik, V, Cocke, T, Hochman, J.S, for the SHOCK Investigators,
(2001). Trends in cardiogenic shock: report from the SHOCK Study. Eur Heart J
22: 472-478
[Abstract]
Walker, A. R.
(2001). Are health and ill-health lessons from hunter-gatherers currently relevant?. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
73: 353-354
[Full Text]
