FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 339:1194-1200 October 22, 1998 Number 17 Next

	Full Text PDF Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background Although the prevalence of asthma and morbidity related to asthma are increasing, little is known about the natural history of lung function in adults with this disease.

Methods We used data from a longitudinal epidemiologic study of the general population in a Danish city, the Copenhagen City Heart Study, to analyze changes over time in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) in adults with self-reported asthma and adults without asthma. The study was conducted between 1976 and 1994; for each patient, three measurements of lung function were obtained over a 15-year period. The final data set consisted of measurements from 17,506 subjects (8136 men and 9370 women), of whom 1095 had asthma.

Results Among subjects who participated in all three evaluations, the unadjusted decline in FEV₁ among subjects with asthma was 38 ml per year, as compared with 22 ml per year in those without asthma. The decline in FEV₁ normalized for height (FEV₁ divided by the square of the height in meters) was greater among the subjects with asthma than among those without the disease (P<0.001). Among both men and women, and among both smokers and nonsmokers, subjects with asthma had greater declines in FEV₁ over time than those without asthma (P<0.001). At the age of 60 years, a 175-cm-tall nonsmoking man without asthma had an average FEV₁ of 3.05 liters, as compared with 1.99 liters for a man of similar age and height who smoked and had asthma.

Conclusions In a sample of the general population, people who identified themselves as having asthma had substantially greater declines in FEV₁ over time than those who did not.

Source Information

From the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Epidemiologic Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital (P.L., J.P., J.V., P.S., G.J.); the Department of Respiratory Medicine 129, Hvidovre Hospital and University of Copenhagen (P.L., J.V.); and the Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen (J.P.) — all in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Lange at the Department of Respiratory Medicine 129, Hvidovre Hospital, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.

Full Text of this Article

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Celli, B. R., Thomas, N. E., Anderson, J. A., Ferguson, G. T., Jenkins, C. R., Jones, P. W., Vestbo, J., Knobil, K., Yates, J. C., Calverley, P. M. A. (2008). Effect of Pharmacotherapy on Rate of Decline of Lung Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results from the TORCH Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 178: 332-338 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Veen, I. H., ten Brinke, A., Sterk, P. J., Sont, J. K., Gauw, S. A., Rabe, K. F., Bel, E. H. (2008). Exhaled nitric oxide predicts lung function decline in difficult-to-treat asthma. Eur Respir J 32: 344-349 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Benfield, T., Lange, P., Vestbo, J. (2008). COPD Stage and Risk of Hospitalization for Infectious Disease. Chest 134: 46-53 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Braganza, G., Chaudhuri, R., Thomson, N. C. (2008). Review: Treating patients with respiratory disease who smoke. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 2: 95-107 [Abstract]  
• Suglia, S. F., Wright, R. O., Schwartz, J., Wright, R. J. (2008). Association Between Lung Function and Cognition Among Children in a Prospective Birth Cohort Study. Psychosom. Med. 70: 356-362 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Suglia, S. F., Ryan, L., Laden, F., Dockery, D. W., Wright, R. J. (2008). Violence Exposure, A Chronic Psychosocial Stressor, and Childhood Lung Function. Psychosom. Med. 70: 160-169 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Feghali-Bostwick, C. A., Gadgil, A. S., Otterbein, L. E., Pilewski, J. M., Stoner, M. W., Csizmadia, E., Zhang, Y., Sciurba, F. C., Duncan, S. R. (2008). Autoantibodies in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 177: 156-163 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guenegou, A., Boczkowski, J., Aubier, M., Neukirch, F., Leynaert, B. (2008). Interaction between a Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Promoter Polymorphism and Serum -Carotene Levels on 8-Year Lung Function Decline in a General Population: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (France). Am J Epidemiol 167: 139-144 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, J. H., Haselkorn, T., Borish, L., Rasouliyan, L., Chipps, B. E., Wenzel, S. E. (2007). Risk Factors Associated With Persistent Airflow Limitation in Severe or Difficult-to-Treat Asthma: Insights From the TENOR Study. Chest 132: 1882-1889 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shaw, D. E., Berry, M. A., Hargadon, B., McKenna, S., Shelley, M. J., Green, R. H., Brightling, C. E., Wardlaw, A. J., Pavord, I. D. (2007). Association Between Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation and Airflow Limitation in Adults With Asthma. Chest 132: 1871-1875 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Aldington, S., Williams, M., Nowitz, M., Weatherall, M., Pritchard, A., McNaughton, A., Robinson, G., Beasley, R. (2007). Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms. Thorax 62: 1058-1063 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sears, M. R. (2007). Lung function decline in asthma. Eur Respir J 30: 411-413 [Full Text]  
• Walters, E. H., Reid, D. W., Johns, D. P., Ward, C. (2007). Nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions to prevent or reduce airway remodelling. Eur Respir J 30: 574-588 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bai, T. R., Vonk, J. M., Postma, D. S., Boezen, H. M. (2007). Severe exacerbations predict excess lung function decline in asthma. Eur Respir J 30: 452-456 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bouzigon, E., Siroux, V., Dizier, M-H., Lemainque, A., Pison, C., Lathrop, M., Kauffmann, F., Demenais, F., Pin, I. (2007). Scores of asthma and asthma severity reveal new regions of linkage in EGEA study families. Eur Respir J 30: 253-259 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mishra, A., Wang, M., Schlotman, J., Nikolaidis, N. M., DeBrosse, C. W., Karow, M. L., Rothenberg, M. E. (2007). Resistin-like molecule-beta is an allergen-induced cytokine with inflammatory and remodeling activity in the murine lung. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 293: L305-L313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brown, N. J., Salome, C. M., Berend, N., Thorpe, C. W., King, G. G. (2007). Airway Distensibility in Adults with Asthma and Healthy Adults, Measured by Forced Oscillation Technique. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 176: 129-137 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• James, A. L., Wenzel, S. (2007). Clinical relevance of airway remodelling in airway diseases. Eur Respir J 30: 134-155 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lloyd, C. M., Robinson, D. S. (2007). Allergen-induced airway remodelling. Eur Respir J 29: 1020-1032 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dixon, A. E., Yeh, F., Welty, T. K., Rhoades, E. R., Lee, E. T., Howard, B. V., Enright, P. L., for the Strong Heart Study Research Group, (2007). Asthma in American Indian Adults: The Strong Heart Study. Chest 131: 1323-1330 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Min, M. G., Song, D. J., Miller, M., Cho, J. Y., McElwain, S., Ferguson, P., Broide, D. H. (2007). Coexposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Increases Levels of Allergen-Induced Airway Remodeling in Mice. J. Immunol. 178: 5321-5328 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lazarus, S. C., Chinchilli, V. M., Rollings, N. J., Boushey, H. A., Cherniack, R., Craig, T. J., Deykin, A., DiMango, E., Fish, J. E., Ford, J. G., Israel, E., Kiley, J., Kraft, M., Lemanske, R. F. Jr., Leone, F. T., Martin, R. J., Pesola, G. R., Peters, S. P., Sorkness, C. A., Szefler, S. J., Wechsler, M. E., Fahy, J. V., for the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's, (2007). Smoking Affects Response to Inhaled Corticosteroids or Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists in Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 175: 783-790 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holgate, S. T., Davies, D. E., Powell, R. M., Howarth, P. H., Haitchi, H. M., Holloway, J. W. (2007). Local genetic and environmental factors in asthma disease pathogenesis: chronicity and persistence mechanisms. Eur Respir J 29: 793-803 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Torrego, A., Hew, M., Oates, T., Sukkar, M., Fan Chung, K. (2007). Expression and activation of TGF-{beta} isoforms in acute allergen-induced remodelling in asthma. Thorax 62: 307-313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Henderson, N., Markwick, L. J., Elshaw, S. R., Freyer, A. M., Knox, A. J., Johnson, S. R. (2007). Collagen I and thrombin activate MMP-2 by MMP-14-dependent and -independent pathways: implications for airway smooth muscle migration. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 292: L1030-L1038 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hylkema, M. N., Sterk, P. J., de Boer, W. I., Postma, D. S. (2007). Tobacco use in relation to COPD and asthma. Eur Respir J 29: 438-445 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pavord, I. D (2007). Non-eosinophilic asthma and the innate immune response. Thorax 62: 193-194 [Full Text]  
• Livingston, E., Chaudhuri, R., McMahon, A. D., Fraser, I., McSharry, C. P., Thomson, N. C. (2007). Systemic sensitivity to corticosteroids in smokers with asthma. Eur Respir J 29: 64-71 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Veen, IlonkaH., Hiemstra, PieterS., ten Brinke, A., Roos, A., Verhoosel, RenateM., Sont, JaapK., Sterk, PeterJ., Rabe, KlausF., Bel, ElisabethH. (2006). Mannose binding lectin (MBL) levels predict lung function decline in severe asthma. ERR 15: 224-225 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Buist, A. S., Vollmer, W. M., Wilson, S. R., Frazier, E. A., Hayward, A. D. (2006). A Randomized Clinical Trial of Peak Flow versus Symptom Monitoring in Older Adults with Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174: 1077-1087 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pegorier, S., Wagner, L. A., Gleich, G. J., Pretolani, M. (2006). Eosinophil-Derived Cationic Proteins Activate the Synthesis of Remodeling Factors by Airway Epithelial Cells. J. Immunol. 177: 4861-4869 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Long, A. J., Sypek, J. P., Askew, R., Fish, S. C., Mason, L. E., Williams, C. M. M., Goldman, S. J. (2006). Gob-5 Contributes to Goblet Cell Hyperplasia and Modulates Pulmonary Tissue Inflammation. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 35: 357-365 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Anees, W, Moore, V C, Burge, P S (2006). FEV1 decline in occupational asthma. Thorax 61: 751-755 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kraft, M. (2006). Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exhibit common origins in any country!. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174: 238-240 [Full Text]  
• Banauch, G. I., Hall, C., Weiden, M., Cohen, H. W., Aldrich, T. K., Christodoulou, V., Arcentales, N., Kelly, K. J., Prezant, D. J. (2006). Pulmonary Function after Exposure to the World Trade Center Collapse in the New York City Fire Department. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174: 312-319 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kiwamoto, T., Ishii, Y., Morishima, Y., Yoh, K., Maeda, A., Ishizaki, K., Iizuka, T., Hegab, A. E., Matsuno, Y., Homma, S., Nomura, A., Sakamoto, T., Takahashi, S., Sekizawa, K. (2006). Transcription Factors T-bet and GATA-3 Regulate Development of Airway Remodeling. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174: 142-151 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chaudhuri, R., Livingston, E., McMahon, A. D., Lafferty, J., Fraser, I., Spears, M., McSharry, C. P., Thomson, N. C. (2006). Effects of Smoking Cessation on Lung Function and Airway Inflammation in Smokers with Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174: 127-133 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Canonica, G. W. (2006). Treating Asthma as an Inflammatory Disease. Chest 130: 21S-28S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Haahtela, T. (2006). Lung Function Decline in Asthma and Early Intervention With Inhaled Corticosteroids. Chest 129: 1405-1406 [Full Text]  
• O'Byrne, P. M., Pedersen, S., Busse, W. W., Tan, W. C., Chen, Y.-Z., Ohlsson, S. V., Ullman, A., Lamm, C. J., Pauwels, R. A. (2006). Effects of Early Intervention With Inhaled Budesonide on Lung Function in Newly Diagnosed Asthma. Chest 129: 1478-1485 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pavord, I. D., Birring, S. S., Berry, M., Green, R. H., Brightling, C. E., Wardlaw, A. J. (2006). Multiple inflammatory hits and the pathogenesis of severe airway disease.. Eur Respir J 27: 884-888 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mannino, D. M., Reichert, M. M., Davis, K. J. (2006). Lung Function Decline and Outcomes in an Adult Population. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 173: 985-990 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Poulain, M., Doucet, M., Major, G. C., Drapeau, V., Series, F., Boulet, L.-P., Tremblay, A., Maltais, F. (2006). The effect of obesity on chronic respiratory diseases: pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies.. CMAJ 174: 1293-1299 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bergeron, C., Boulet, L.-P. (2006). Structural changes in airway diseases: characteristics, mechanisms, consequences, and pharmacologic modulation.. Chest 129: 1068-1087 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Boulet, L.-P., Lemiere, C., Archambault, F., Carrier, G., Descary, M. C., Deschesnes, F. (2006). Smoking and Asthma: Clinical and Radiologic Features, Lung Function, and Airway Inflammation. Chest 129: 661-668 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lange, P, Scharling, H, Ulrik, C S, Vestbo, J (2006). Inhaled corticosteroids and decline of lung function in community residents with asthma. Thorax 61: 100-104 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ernst, P (2006). Inhaled corticosteroids moderate lung function decline in adults with asthma. Thorax 61: 93-94 [Full Text]  
• Dijkstra, A, Vonk, J M, Jongepier, H, Koppelman, G H, Schouten, J P, ten Hacken, N H T, Timens, W, Postma, D S (2006). Lung function decline in asthma: association with inhaled corticosteroids, smoking and sex. Thorax 61: 105-110 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Horvath, G., Wanner, A. (2006). Inhaled corticosteroids: effects on the airway vasculature in bronchial asthma. Eur Respir J 27: 172-187 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Boxall, C., Holgate, S. T., Davies, D. E. (2006). The contribution of transforming growth factor-{beta} and epidermal growth factor signalling to airway remodelling in chronic asthma. Eur Respir J 27: 208-229 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vestbo, J, Hogg, J C (2006). Convergence of the epidemiology and pathology of COPD. Thorax 61: 86-88 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Rensen, E. L. J., Sont, J. K., Evertse, C. E., Willems, L. N. A., Mauad, T., Hiemstra, P. S., Sterk, P. J., the AMPUL Study Group, (2005). Bronchial CD8 Cell Infiltrate and Lung Function Decline in Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 837-841 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schanen, J G, Iribarren, C, Shahar, E, Punjabi, N M, Rich, S S, Sorlie, P D, Folsom, A R (2005). Asthma and incident cardiovascular disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Thorax 60: 633-638 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mapp, C. E., Boschetto, P., Maestrelli, P., Fabbri, L. M. (2005). Occupational Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 280-305 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Diemen, C. C., Postma, D. S., Vonk, J. M., Bruinenberg, M., Schouten, J. P., Boezen, H. M. (2005). A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 33 Polymorphisms and Lung Function Decline in the General Population. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 329-333 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Moerloose, K. B., Pauwels, R. A., Joos, G. F. (2005). Short-Term Cigarette Smoke Exposure Enhances Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 168-172 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wenzel, S. (2005). Severe Asthma in Adults. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 149-160 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ko, F. W.S., Diba, C., Roth, M., McKay, K., Johnson, P. R.A., Salome, C., King, G. G. (2005). A Comparison of Airway and Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activity Among Normal Subjects, Asthmatic Patients, and Patients With Asthmatic Mucus Hypersecretion. Chest 127: 1919-1927 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fedorov, I A, Wilson, S J, Davies, D E, Holgate, S T (2005). Epithelial stress and structural remodelling in childhood asthma. Thorax 60: 389-394 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tomlinson, J E M, McMahon, A D, Chaudhuri, R, Thompson, J M, Wood, S F, Thomson, N C (2005). Efficacy of low and high dose inhaled corticosteroid in smokers versus non-smokers with mild asthma. Thorax 60: 282-287 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Scichilone, N., Messina, M., Battaglia, S., Catalano, F., Bellia, V. (2005). Airway hyperresponsiveness in the elderly: prevalence and clinical implications. Eur Respir J 25: 364-375 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Homer, R. J., Elias, J. A. (2005). Airway Remodeling in Asthma: Therapeutic Implications of Mechanisms. Physiology 20: 28-35 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• James, A. L., Palmer, L. J., Kicic, E., Maxwell, P. S., Lagan, S. E., Ryan, G. F., Musk, A. W. (2005). Decline in Lung Function in the Busselton Health Study: The Effects of Asthma and Cigarette Smoking. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171: 109-114 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kitch, B. T., Paltiel, A. D., Kuntz, K. M., Dockery, D. W., Schouten, J. P., Weiss, S. T., Fuhlbrigge, A. L. (2004). A Single Measure of FEV1 Is Associated With Risk of Asthma Attacks in Long-term Follow-up. Chest 126: 1875-1882 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sandstrom, T., Lundback, B. (2004). Tobacco smoke: old foe more important for asthma than commonly appreciated?. Eur Respir J 24: 720-721 [Full Text]  
• Thomson, N.C., Chaudhuri, R., Livingston, E. (2004). Asthma and cigarette smoking. Eur Respir J 24: 822-833 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Freyer, A. M., Billington, C. K., Penn, R. B., Hall, I. P. (2004). Extracellular Matrix Modulates {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 31: 440-445 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pedersen, S. (2004). Progression of Asthma: Small Steps and a Long Way to Go. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 170: 206-207 [Full Text]  
• Covar, R. A., Spahn, J. D., Murphy, J. R., Szefler, S. J. (2004). Progression of Asthma Measured by Lung Function in the Childhood Asthma Management Program. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 170: 234-241 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Postma, D. S., Boezen, H. M. (2004). Rationale for the Dutch Hypothesis: Allergy and Airway Hyperresponsiveness as Genetic Factors and Their Interaction With Environment in the Development of Asthma and COPD. Chest 126: 96S-104S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sciurba, F. C. (2004). Physiologic Similarities and Differences Between COPD and Asthma. Chest 126: 117S-124S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bumbacea, D., Campbell, D., Nguyen, L., Carr, D., Barnes, P.J., Robinson, D., Chung, K.F. (2004). Parameters associated with persistent airflow obstruction in chronic severe asthma. Eur Respir J 24: 122-128 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Silva, G. E., Sherrill, D. L., Guerra, S., Barbee, R. A. (2004). Asthma as a Risk Factor for COPD in a Longitudinal Study. Chest 126: 59-65 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Melgert, B. N., Postma, D. S., Geerlings, M., Luinge, M. A., Klok, P. A., van der Strate, B. W. A., Kerstjens, H. A. M., Timens, W., Hylkema, M. N. (2004). Short-Term Smoke Exposure Attenuates Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation in Allergic Mice. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 30: 880-885 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rennard, S. I., Farmer, S. G. (2004). Exacerbations and Progression of Disease in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 1: 88-92 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spahn, J. D., Cherniack, R., Paull, K., Gelfand, E. W. (2004). Is Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second the Best Measure of Severity in Childhood Asthma?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 169: 784-786 [Full Text]  
• Cho, S. H., Ryu, C. H., Oh, C. K. (2004). Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Exp. Biol. Med. 229: 138-146 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vestbo, J (2004). COPD in the ECRHS. Thorax 59: 89-90 [Full Text]  
• Bel, E. H. (2003). Smoking: A Neglected Cause of Glucocorticoid Resistance in Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 168: 1265-1266 [Full Text]  
• Chaudhuri, R., Livingston, E., McMahon, A. D., Thomson, L., Borland, W., Thomson, N. C. (2003). Cigarette Smoking Impairs the Therapeutic Response to Oral Corticosteroids in Chronic Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 168: 1308-1311 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vignola, A.M., Bonanno, A., Profita, M., Riccobono, L., Scichilone, N., Spatafora, M., Bousquet, J., Bonsignore, G., Bellia, V. (2003). Effect of age and asthma duration upon elastase and {alpha}1-antitrypsin levels in adult asthmatics. Eur Respir J 22: 795-801 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jenkins, H. A., Cherniack, R., Szefler, S. J., Covar, R., Gelfand, E. W., Spahn, J. D. (2003). A Comparison of the Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adults With Severe Asthma. Chest 124: 1318-1324 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Adams, R J, Wilson, D H, Appleton, S, Taylor, A, Dal Grande, E, Chittleborough, C R, Ruffin, R E (2003). Underdiagnosed asthma in South Australia. Thorax 58: 846-850 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holgate, S.T., Davies, D. E., Puddicombe, S., Richter, A., Lackie, P., Lordan, J., Howarth, P. (2003). Mechanisms of airway epithelial damage: epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the pathogenesis of asthma. Eur Respir J 22: 24s-29s [Full Text]  
• The ENFUMOSA Study Group, (2003). The ENFUMOSA cross-sectional European multicentre study of the clinical phenotype of chronic severe asthma. Eur Respir J 22: 470-477 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Edwards, C. A., Osman, L. M., Godden, D. J., Douglas, J. G. (2003). Wheezy Bronchitis in Childhood: A Distinct Clinical Entity With Lifelong Significance?. Chest 124: 18-24 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pelaia, G., Cuda, G., Vatrella, A., Fratto, D., Grembiale, R. D., Tagliaferri, P., Maselli, R., Costanzo, F. S., Marsico, S. A. (2003). Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} and Budesonide on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation and Apoptosis in Airway Epithelial Cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 29: 12-18 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sandstrom, T., Frew, A.J., Svartengren, M., Viegi, G. (2003). The need for a focus on air pollution research in the elderly. Eur Respir J 21: 92S-95s [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vonk, J M, Jongepier, H, Panhuysen, C I M, Schouten, J P, Bleecker, E R, Postma, D S (2003). Risk factors associated with the presence of irreversible airflow limitation and reduced transfer coefficient in patients with asthma after 26 years of follow up. Thorax 58: 322-327 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Walter, R. E., Beiser, A., Givelber, R. J., O'Connor, G. T., Gottlieb, D. J. (2003). Association between Glycemic State and Lung Function: The Framingham Heart Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167: 911-916 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cerveri, I., Corsico, A., Zoia, M. C., Vestbo, J., Lange, P. (2003). Gold Stage 0. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167: 936-936 [Full Text]  
• Eden, E., Hammel, J., Rouhani, F. N., Brantly, M. L., Barker, A. F., Buist, A. S., Fallat, R. J., Stoller, J. K., Crystal, R. G., Turino, G. M. (2003). Asthma Features in Severe {alpha}1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: Experience of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Registry. Chest 123: 765-771 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Boulet, L.-P. (2003). Asymptomatic Airway Hyperresponsiveness: A Curiosity or an Opportunity to Prevent Asthma?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167: 371-378 [Full Text]  
• Beckett, P A, Howarth, P H (2003). Pharmacotherapy and airway remodelling in asthma?. Thorax 58: 163-174 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fabbri, L. M., Romagnoli, M., Corbetta, L., Casoni, G., Busljetic, K., Turato, G., Ligabue, G., Ciaccia, A., Saetta, M., Papi, A. (2003). Differences in Airway Inflammation in Patients with Fixed Airflow Obstruction Due to Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167: 418-424 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sherrill, D., Guerra, S., Bobadilla, A., Barbee, R. (2003). The role of concomitant respiratory diseases on the rate of decline in FEV1 among adult asthmatics. Eur Respir J 21: 95-10 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lange, P., Parner, J., Schnohr, P., Jensen, G. (2002). Copenhagen City Heart Study: longitudinal analysis of ventilatory capacity in diabetic and nondiabetic adults. Eur Respir J 20: 1406-1412 [Abstract] [Full Text]