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Previous Volume 339:1217-1227 October 22, 1998 Number 17 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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The formation of bile is a vital function, and its impairment by drugs or infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, or genetic disorders results in the syndrome commonly known as cholestasis.¹ The secretion of bile normally depends on the function of a number of membrane transport systems in hepatocytes and bile-duct epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) and on the structural and functional integrity of the bile-secretory apparatus. This review summarizes the molecular defects in hepatocellular membrane transporters that are associated with various forms of cholestatic liver disease in humans.

Molecular Mechanisms of Bile Formation

Bile formation is an osmotic secretory process that is driven by the active concentration of bile . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Experimental Models and Their Clinical Correlates

Molecular Mechanisms of Cholestasis

Hepatocellular Transporters

Cholangiocyte Transporters

Other Structural and Functional Defects: Altered Cytoskeleton, Tight Junctions, Vesicular Transport, and Signal Transduction

Therapeutic Implications and Future Perspectives

Pharmacologic Therapy

Gene Therapy

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Karl Franzens University, Graz, Austria (M.T.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (P.J.M.); and the Department of Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (J.L.B.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Boyer at the Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8019.

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