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For over a hundred years, interstitial cystitis has remained a multifaceted and enigmatic syndrome characterized by variable motor and sensory dysfunction of the bladder. The diagnosis is usually based on symptoms, a urologic evaluation including cystoscopy, and the exclusion of other recognizable bladder diseases. The most common symptoms are urinary frequency and urgency and suprapubic, pelvic, or perineal pain. The initial description of interstitial cystitis by Hunner was of a solitary ulceration of the bladder, but this presentation is rare; the majority of affected patients have bladders with strawberry-like hemorrhages on distention that are commonly referred to as glomerulations.
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