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Previous Volume 340:1500-1502 May 13, 1999 Number 19 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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On November 6, 1780, the Italian anatomist Luigi Galvani made an entry in his diary that recorded his observation of electrically stimulated muscle contractions in the legs of a freshly killed frog.¹ Galvani performed subsequent experiments in which a similar reaction was evoked by the contact of different regions of a frog's body with two disparate metals, such as brass and iron. However, Galvani misunderstood the phenomenon as the result of the extraction of the frog's "animal electricity" by the dissimilar metals. His contemporary, Count Alessandro Volta, discovered that the muscle contraction was evoked by the passage through the frog's . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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