Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Because high plasmaconcentrations of cholesterol, in particular those of low-densitylipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, are one of the principal riskfactors for atherosclerosis,1 the process of atherogenesis hasbeen considered by many to consist largely of the accumulationof lipids within the artery wall; however, it is much more thanthat. Despite changes in lifestyle and the use of new pharmacologicapproaches to lower plasma cholesterol concentrations,2,3 cardiovasculardisease continues to be the principal cause of death in theUnited States, Europe, and much of Asia.4,5 In fact, the lesionsof atherosclerosis represent a series . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Factors That Induce and Promote Inflammation or Atherogenesis
Hypercholesterolemia and Modified Lipids and Lipoproteins
Homocysteine
Hypertension
Infection
The Nature of the Inflammatory Response
Interactions among Endothelial Cells, Monocytes, and T Cells
Monocytes and Immunity
Platelets
Atherosclerosis in Relation to Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Inflammatory Response
Instability and Rupture of Plaque
New Perspectives on the Formation and Progression of Lesions
Smooth Muscle
The Role of the Matrix
Conclusions
Source Information
From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, where reprint requests should be addressed to Dr. Ross (e-mail: rross@u.washington.edu).
Ebner, P., Picard, F., Richter, J., Darrelmann, E., Schneider, M., Strauer, B.-E., Brehm, M.
(2010). Accumulation of VEGFR-2+/CD133+ cells and decreased number and impaired functionality of CD34+/VEGFR-2+ cells in patients with SLE. Rheumatology (Oxford)
49: 63-72
[Abstract][Full Text]
El Khatib, N., Genieys, S., Kazmierczak, B., Volpert, V.
(2009). Mathematical modelling of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease. Phil Trans R Soc A
367: 4877-4886
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ishii, N., Matsumura, T., Kinoshita, H., Motoshima, H., Kojima, K., Tsutsumi, A., Kawasaki, S., Yano, M., Senokuchi, T., Asano, T., Nishikawa, T., Araki, E.
(2009). Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase Suppresses Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein-induced Macrophage Proliferation. J. Biol. Chem.
284: 34561-34569
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wang, A. Y.-M., Lam, C. W.-K., Chan, I. H.-S., Wang, M., Lui, S.-F., Sanderson, J. E.
(2009). Long-term mortality and cardiovascular risk stratification of peritoneal dialysis patients using a combination of inflammation and calcification markers. Nephrol Dial Transplant
24: 3826-3833
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hara, T., Kiyomoto, H., Hitomi, H., Moriwaki, K., Ihara, G., Kaifu, K., Fujita, Y., Higashiyama, C., Nishiyama, A., Kohno, M.
(2009). Low-density lipoprotein apheresis for haemodialysis patients with peripheral arterial disease reduces reactive oxygen species production via suppression of NADPH oxidase gene expression in leucocytes. Nephrol Dial Transplant
24: 3818-3825
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hernesniemi, J. A., Karhunen, P. J., Oksala, N., Kahonen, M., Levula, M., Rontu, R., Ilveskoski, E., Kajander, O., Goebeler, S., Viiri, L. E., Hurme, M., Lehtimaki, T.
(2009). Interleukin 18 gene promoter polymorphism: a link between hypertension and pre-hospital sudden cardiac death: the Helsinki Sudden Death Study. Eur Heart J
30: 2939-2946
[Abstract][Full Text]
Burns, S. F., Arslanian, S. A.
(2009). Waist Circumference, Atherogenic Lipoproteins, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Biomarkers in Children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
94: 4914-4922
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pertovaara, M., Kahonen, M., Juonala, M., Laitinen, T., Taittonen, L., Lehtimaki, T., Viikari, J. S. A., Raitakari, O. T., Hurme, M.
(2009). Autoimmunity and atherosclerosis: the presence of antinuclear antibodies is associated with decreased carotid elasticity in young women. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Rheumatology (Oxford)
48: 1553-1556
[Abstract][Full Text]
Crilly, M. A., Kumar, V., Clark, H. J., Scott, N. W., MacDonald, A. G., Williams, D. J.
(2009). Arterial stiffness and cumulative inflammatory burden in rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response relationship independent of established cardiovascular risk factors. Rheumatology (Oxford)
48: 1606-1612
[Abstract][Full Text]
Choi, K. H., Kim, J.-E., Song, N. R., Son, J. E., Hwang, M. K., Byun, S., Kim, J. H., Lee, K. W., Lee, H. J.
(2009). Phosphoinositide-3-kinase is a novel target of piceatannol for inhibiting PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res
0: cvp359v2-cvp359
[Abstract][Full Text]
Han, X., Kitamoto, S., Lian, Q., Boisvert, W. A.
(2009). Interleukin-10 Facilitates Both Cholesterol Uptake and Efflux in Macrophages. J. Biol. Chem.
284: 32950-32958
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sasaki, N., Yamashita, T., Takeda, M., Shinohara, M., Nakajima, K., Tawa, H., Usui, T., Hirata, K.-i.
(2009). Oral Anti-CD3 Antibody Treatment Induces Regulatory T Cells and Inhibits the Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice. Circulation
120: 1996-2005
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ayada, K., Yokota, K., Hirai, K., Fujimoto, K., Kobayashi, K., Ogawa, H., Hatanaka, K., Hirohata, S., Yoshino, T., Shoenfeld, Y., Matsuura, E., Oguma, K.
(2009). Regulation of cellular immunity prevents Helicobacter pylori-induced atherosclerosis. Lupus
18: 1154-1168
[Abstract]
Carvalho, J., Pereira, R., Shoenfeld, Y.
(2009). Vaccination, atherosclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus
18: 1209-1212
[Abstract]
Osada, S., Hamada, C., Shimaoka, T., Kaneko, K., Horikoshi, S., Tomino, Y.
(2009). Alterations in proteoglycan components and histopathology of the peritoneum in uraemic and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant
24: 3504-3512
[Abstract][Full Text]
Talmor-Barkan, Y., Rashid, G., Weintal, I., Green, J., Bernheim, J., Benchetrit, S.
(2009). Low extracellular Ca2+: a mediator of endothelial inflammation. Nephrol Dial Transplant
24: 3306-3312
[Abstract][Full Text]
Luotola, K., Paakkonen, R., Alanne, M., Lanki, T., Moilanen, L., Surakka, I., Pietila, A., Kahonen, M., Nieminen, M. S., Kesaniemi, Y. A., Peters, A., Jula, A., Perola, M., Salomaa, V., for the Health 2000 AIRGENE Study Groups,
(2009). Association of Variation in the Interleukin-1 Gene Family with Diabetes and Glucose Homeostasis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
94: 4575-4583
[Abstract][Full Text]
Brener, S. J.
(2009). Antithrombin Therapy for Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Which Agent to Use? Does It Matter?. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv
2: 1092-1094
[Full Text]
Piemonti, L., Calori, G., Lattuada, G., Mercalli, A., Ragogna, F., Garancini, M. P., Ruotolo, G., Luzi, L., Perseghin, G.
(2009). Association Between Plasma Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Concentration and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Middle-Aged Diabetic and Nondiabetic Individuals. Diabetes Care
32: 2105-2110
[Abstract][Full Text]
Duchene, J., Cayla, C., Vessillier, S., Scotland, R., Yamashiro, K., Lecomte, F., Syed, I., Vo, P., Marrelli, A., Pitzalis, C., Cipollone, F., Schanstra, J., Bascands, J.-L., Hobbs, A. J., Perretti, M., Ahluwalia, A.
(2009). Laminar Shear Stress Regulates Endothelial Kinin B1 Receptor Expression and Function: Potential Implication in Atherogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
29: 1757-1763
[Abstract][Full Text]
Westmuckett, A. D., Moore, K. L.
(2009). Lack of Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase Activity in Hematopoietic Cells Drastically Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- Mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
29: 1730-1736
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hanefeld, M., Bornstein, S. R., Pistrosch, F.
(2009). Shifting the Disease Management Paradigm From Glucose: What are the cons?. Diabetes Care
32: S353-S356
[Full Text]
Urbina, E. M., Williams, R. V., Alpert, B. S., Collins, R. T., Daniels, S. R., Hayman, L., Jacobson, M., Mahoney, L., Mietus-Snyder, M., Rocchini, A., Steinberger, J., McCrindle, B., on behalf of the American Heart Association Athero,
(2009). Noninvasive Assessment of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Children and Adolescents: Recommendations for Standard Assessment for Clinical Research: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension
54: 919-950
[Abstract][Full Text]
Apostolakis, S., Lip, G. Y.H., Shantsila, E.
(2009). Monocytes in heart failure: relationship to a deteriorating immune overreaction or a desperate attempt for tissue repair?. Cardiovasc Res
0: cvp327v2-cvp327
[Abstract][Full Text]
Takaoka, M., Nagata, D., Kihara, S., Shimomura, I., Kimura, Y., Tabata, Y., Saito, Y., Nagai, R., Sata, M.
(2009). Periadventitial Adipose Tissue Plays a Critical Role in Vascular Remodeling. Circ. Res.
105: 906-911
[Abstract][Full Text]
Buckley, D. I., Fu, R., Freeman, M., Rogers, K., Helfand, M.
(2009). C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. ANN INTERN MED
151: 483-495
[Abstract][Full Text]
Harsimran, K., Singh, A. A. P., Guruvinder, S., Sharda, S., Vasudha, S.
(2009). Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as risk marker in type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease in North Indians. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research
6: 288-290
[Abstract]
Hogh, A., Vammen, S., Ostergaard, L., Joensen, J. B., Henneberg, E. W., Lindholt, J. S.
(2009). Intermittent Roxithromycin for Preventing Progression of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Long-Term Results of a Small Clinical Trial. VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG
43: 452-456
[Abstract]
Imrie, H., Abbas, A., Viswambharan, H., Rajwani, A., Cubbon, R. M., Gage, M., Kahn, M., Ezzat, V. A., Duncan, E. R., Grant, P. J., Ajjan, R., Wheatcroft, S. B., Kearney, M. T.
(2009). Vascular Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Resistance and Diet-Induced Obesity. Endocrinology
150: 4575-4582
[Abstract][Full Text]
(2009). Advanced Glycation End Product Receptor-1 Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Post-Injury Intimal Hyperplasia. Am. J. Pathol.
175: 1722-1732
Grosheva, I., Haka, A. S., Qin, C., Pierini, L. M., Maxfield, F. R.
(2009). Aggregated LDL in Contact With Macrophages Induces Local Increases in Free Cholesterol Levels That Regulate Local Actin Polymerization. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
29: 1615-1621
[Abstract][Full Text]
Elkind, M. S.V., Leon, V., Moon, Y. P., Paik, M. C., Sacco, R. L.
(2009). High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Stability Before and After Stroke and Myocardial Infarction. Stroke
40: 3233-3237
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yang, J., Park, Y., Zhang, H., Gao, X., Wilson, E., Zimmer, W., Abbott, L., Zhang, C.
(2009). Role of MCP-1 in tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}-induced endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
297: H1208-H1216
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nam, D., Ni, C.-W., Rezvan, A., Suo, J., Budzyn, K., Llanos, A., Harrison, D., Giddens, D., Jo, H.
(2009). Partial carotid ligation is a model of acutely induced disturbed flow, leading to rapid endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
297: H1535-H1543
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lee, Y., Thompson, J. T., Vanden Heuvel, J. P.
(2009). 9E,11E-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Increases Expression of the Endogenous Antiinflammatory Factor, Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist, in RAW 264.7 Cells. J. Nutr.
139: 1861-1866
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kumpers, P, David, S, Haubitz, M, Hellpap, J, Horn, R, Brocker, V, Schiffer, M, Haller, H, Witte, T
(2009). The Tie2 receptor antagonist angiopoietin 2 facilitates vascular inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis
68: 1638-1643
[Abstract][Full Text]
Fuhrman, B., Gantman, A., Khateeb, J., Volkova, N., Horke, S., Kiyan, J., Dumler, I., Aviram, M.
(2009). Urokinase activates macrophage PON2 gene transcription via the PI3K/ROS/MEK/SREBP-2 signalling cascade mediated by the PDGFR-{beta}. Cardiovasc Res
84: 145-154
[Abstract][Full Text]
Maillard-Lefebvre, H., Boulanger, E., Daroux, M., Gaxatte, C., Hudson, B. I., Lambert, M.
(2009). Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products: a new biomarker in diagnosis and prognosis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford)
48: 1190-1196
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kastl, S. P., Speidl, W. S., Katsaros, K. M., Kaun, C., Rega, G., Assadian, A., Hagmueller, G. W., Hoeth, M., de Martin, R., Ma, Y., Maurer, G., Huber, K., Wojta, J.
(2009). Thrombin induces the expression of oncostatin M via AP-1 activation in human macrophages: a link between coagulation and inflammation. Blood
114: 2812-2818
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kim, J., Kim, Y., Kim, H.-T., Kim, D. W., Ha, Y., Kim, J., Kim, C.-H., Lee, I., Song, K.
(2009). TC1(C8orf4) Is a Novel Endothelial Inflammatory Regulator Enhancing NF-{kappa}B Activity. J. Immunol.
183: 3996-4002
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lee, J. S., Park, S.-Y., Thapa, D., Kim, A. R., Shin, H.-M., Kim, J.-A.
(2009). HMC05, Herbal Formula, Inhibits TNF-{alpha}-induced Inflammatory Response in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
0: nep126v1-nep126
[Abstract][Full Text]
Dreger, H., Westphal, K., Wilck, N., Baumann, G., Stangl, V., Stangl, K., Meiners, S.
(2009). Protection of vascular cells from oxidative stress by proteasome inhibition depends on Nrf2. Cardiovasc Res
0: cvp279v2-cvp279
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bhoomi Reddy Pullareddy, , Baddela Muni Venkata Srikanth Babu, , Kolla Venkata Karunakar, , Yasovanthi, J., Potham Sampath Kumar, , Sharath, A., Jyothy, A.
(2009). Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism in myocardial infarction patients. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
10: 174-178
[Abstract]
Vickers, K. C., Maguire, C. T., Wolfert, R., Burns, A. R., Reardon, M., Geis, R., Holvoet, P., Morrisett, J. D.
(2009). Relationship of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and oxidized low density lipoprotein in carotid atherosclerosis. J. Lipid Res.
50: 1735-1743
[Abstract][Full Text]
van Gestel, Y. R. B. M., Chonchol, M., Hoeks, S. E., Welten, G. M. J. M., Stam, H., Mertens, F. W., van Domburg, R. T., Poldermans, D.
(2009). Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease in vascular surgery patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant
24: 2763-2767
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wing, L.-Y. C., Chen, Y.-C., Shih, Y.-Y., Cheng, J.-C., Lin, Y.-J., Jiang, M. J.
(2009). Effects of Oral Estrogen on Aortic ROS-Generating and -Scavenging Enzymes and Atherosclerosis in apoE-Deficient Mice. Exp. Biol. Med.
234: 1037-1046
[Abstract][Full Text]
Snead, M. L., Slavkin, H. C.
(2009). Science Is the Fuel for the Engine of Technology and Clinical Practice. Journal of the American Dental Association
140: 17S-24S
[Abstract][Full Text]
Messner, B., Knoflach, M., Seubert, A., Ritsch, A., Pfaller, K., Henderson, B., Shen, Y. H., Zeller, I., Willeit, J., Laufer, G., Wick, G., Kiechl, S., Bernhard, D.
(2009). Cadmium Is a Novel and Independent Risk Factor for Early Atherosclerosis Mechanisms and In Vivo Relevance. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
29: 1392-1398
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ni, M, Chen, W Q, Zhang, Y
(2009). Animal models and potential mechanisms of plaque destabilisation and disruption. Heart
95: 1393-1398
[Abstract][Full Text]
Padilla, J., Sheldon, R. D., Sitar, D. M., Newcomer, S. C.
(2009). Impact of acute exposure to increased hydrostatic pressure and reduced shear rate on conduit artery endothelial function: a limb-specific response. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
297: H1103-H1108
[Abstract][Full Text]
Black, M. A., Cable, N. T., Thijssen, D. H. J., Green, D. J.
(2009). Impact of age, sex, and exercise on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
297: H1109-H1116
[Abstract][Full Text]
van Halm, V P, Peters, M J L, Voskuyl, A E, Boers, M, Lems, W F, Visser, M, Stehouwer, C D A, Spijkerman, A M W, Dekker, J M, Nijpels, G, Heine, R J, Bouter, L M, Smulders, Y M, Dijkmans, B A C, Nurmohamed, M T
(2009). Rheumatoid arthritis versus diabetes as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study, the CARRE Investigation. Ann Rheum Dis
68: 1395-1400
[Abstract][Full Text]
Civelek, M., Manduchi, E., Riley, R. J., Stoeckert, C. J. Jr, Davies, P. F.
(2009). Chronic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activates Unfolded Protein Response in Arterial Endothelium in Regions of Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis. Circ. Res.
105: 453-461
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yeboah, J., Folsom, A. R., Burke, G. L., Johnson, C., Polak, J. F., Post, W., Lima, J. A., Crouse, J. R., Herrington, D. M.
(2009). Predictive Value of Brachial Flow-Mediated Dilation for Incident Cardiovascular Events in a Population-Based Study: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Circulation
120: 502-509
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ali, Z., Sarcia, P., Mosley, T. H, Kondragunta, V., Kullo, I. J
(2009). Association of serum myeloperoxidase with the ankle-brachial index and peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med
14: 215-220
[Abstract]
Inomata, Y., Fukushima, M., Hara, R., Takahashi, E., Honjo, M., Koga, T., Kawaji, T., Satoh, H., Takeya, M., Sawamura, T., Tanihara, H.
(2009). Suppression of Choroidal Neovascularization in Lectin-like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Type 1-Deficient Mice. IOVS
50: 3970-3976
[Abstract][Full Text]
Russell, M., Bredella, M., Tsai, P., Mendes, N., Miller, K. K., Klibanski, A., Misra, M.
(2009). Relative Growth Hormone Deficiency and Cortisol Excess Are Associated with Increased Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Obese Adolescent Girls. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
94: 2864-2871
[Abstract][Full Text]
Recio-Mayoral, A., Mason, J. C., Kaski, J. C., Rubens, M. B., Harari, O. A., Camici, P. G.
(2009). Chronic inflammation and coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients without risk factors for coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J
30: 1837-1843
[Abstract][Full Text]
Holinstat, M., Preininger, A. M., Milne, S. B., Hudson, W. J., Brown, H. A., Hamm, H. E.
(2009). Irreversible Platelet Activation Requires Protease-Activated Receptor 1-Mediated Signaling to Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates. Mol. Pharmacol.
76: 301-313
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schindhelm, R. K., van der Zwan, L. P., Teerlink, T., Scheffer, P. G.
(2009). Myeloperoxidase: A Useful Biomarker for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Stratification?. Clin. Chem.
55: 1462-1470
[Abstract][Full Text]
Venkatesan, B., Valente, A. J., Reddy, V. S., Siwik, D. A., Chandrasekar, B.
(2009). Resveratrol blocks interleukin-18-EMMPRIN cross-regulation and smooth muscle cell migration. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
297: H874-H886
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bujold, K., Rhainds, D., Jossart, C., Febbraio, M., Marleau, S., Ong, H.
(2009). CD36-mediated cholesterol efflux is associated with PPAR{gamma} activation via a MAPK-dependent COX-2 pathway in macrophages. Cardiovasc Res
83: 457-464
[Abstract][Full Text]
Poeckel, D., Zemski Berry, K. A., Murphy, R. C., Funk, C. D.
(2009). Dual 12/15- and 5-Lipoxygenase Deficiency in Macrophages Alters Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and Attenuates Peritonitis and Atherosclerosis in ApoE Knock-out Mice. J. Biol. Chem.
284: 21077-21089
[Abstract][Full Text]
Barbui, T., Carobbio, A., Rambaldi, A., Finazzi, G.
(2009). Perspectives on thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera: is leukocytosis a causative factor?. Blood
114: 759-763
[Abstract][Full Text]
Koskinen, J., Kahonen, M., Viikari, J. S.A., Taittonen, L., Laitinen, T., Ronnemaa, T., Lehtimaki, T., Hutri-Kahonen, N., Pietikainen, M., Jokinen, E., Helenius, H., Mattsson, N., Raitakari, O. T., Juonala, M.
(2009). Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in Predicting Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression in Young Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Circulation
120: 229-236
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kim, H. J., Kim, M. Y., Jin, H., Kim, H. J., Kang, S. S., Kim, H. J., Lee, J. H., Chang, K. C., Hwang, J.-Y., Yabe-Nishimura, C., Kim, J.-H., Seo, H. G.
(2009). Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {delta} Regulates Extracellular Matrix and Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Through the Activation of Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1/Smad3. Circ. Res.
105: 16-24
[Abstract][Full Text]
Aizawa, K., Shoemaker, J. K., Overend, T. J., Petrella, R. J.
(2009). Metabolic syndrome, endothelial function and lifestyle modification. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research
6: 181-189
[Abstract]
Chiba, T., Han, C. Y., Vaisar, T., Shimokado, K., Kargi, A., Chen, M.-H., Wang, S., McDonald, T. O., O'Brien, K. D., Heinecke, J. W, Chait, A.
(2009). Serum amyloid A3 does not contribute to circulating SAA levels. J. Lipid Res.
50: 1353-1362
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kim, G. H., Park, K., Yeom, S.-Y., Lee, K. J., Kim, G., Ko, J., Rhee, D.-K., Kim, Y. H., Lee, H. K., Kim, H. W., Oh, G. T., Lee, K.-U., Lee, J. W., Kim, S.-W.
(2009). Characterization of ASC-2 as an Antiatherogenic Transcriptional Coactivator of Liver X Receptors in Macrophages. Mol. Endocrinol.
23: 966-974
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ryan, S, Taylor, C T, McNicholas, W T
(2009). Systemic inflammation: a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome?. Thorax
64: 631-636
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zintzaras, E., Zdoukopoulos, N.
(2009). A Field Synopsis and Meta-Analysis of Genetic Association Studies in Peripheral Arterial Disease: The CUMAGAS-PAD Database. Am J Epidemiol
170: 1-11
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chang, T.-Y., Li, B.-L., Chang, C. C. Y., Urano, Y.
(2009). Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferases. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
297: E1-E9
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tang, T. Y., Muller, K. H., Graves, M. J., Li, Z. Y., Walsh, S. R., Young, V., Sadat, U., Howarth, S. P.S., Gillard, J.H.
(2009). Iron Oxide Particles for Atheroma Imaging. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
29: 1001-1008
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wang, H., Zhang, W., Zhu, C., Bucher, C., Blazar, B. R., Zhang, C., Chen, J.-F., Linden, J., Wu, C., Huo, Y.
(2009). Inactivation of the Adenosine A2A Receptor Protects Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice From Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.
29: 1046-1052
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shuto, E., Taketani, Y., Tanaka, R., Harada, N., Isshiki, M., Sato, M., Nashiki, K., Amo, K., Yamamoto, H., Higashi, Y., Nakaya, Y., Takeda, E.
(2009). Dietary Phosphorus Acutely Impairs Endothelial Function. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
20: 1504-1512
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kramer, S., Binder, E., Loof, T., Wang-Rosenke, Y., Martini, S., Khadzhynov, D., Budde, K., Neumayer, H.-H., Peters, H.
(2009). The lymphocyte migration inhibitor FTY720 attenuates experimental hypertensive nephropathy. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.
297: F218-F227
[Abstract][Full Text]
Flu, W.-J., van Kuijk, J.-P., Merks, E. J.W., Kuiper, R., Verhagen, H. J.M., Bosch, J. G., Bom, N., Bax, J. J., Poldermans, D.
(2009). Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms using a dedicated portable ultrasound system: early results. Eur J Echocardiogr
10: 602-606
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gladman, D D, Ang, M, Su, L, Tom, B D M, Schentag, C T, Farewell, V T
(2009). Cardiovascular morbidity in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis
68: 1131-1135
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hibbert, B., Ma, X., Pourdjabbar, A., Holm, E., Rayner, K., Chen, Y.-X., Sun, J., Filion, L., O'Brien, E. R.
(2009). Inhibition of endothelial progenitor cell glycogen synthase kinase-3{beta} results in attenuated neointima formation and enhanced re-endothelialization after arterial injury. Cardiovasc Res
83: 16-23
[Abstract][Full Text]
Moreno, P. R., Sanz, J., Fuster, V.
(2009). Promoting Mechanisms of Vascular Health: Circulating Progenitor Cells, Angiogenesis, and Reverse Cholesterol Transport. J Am Coll Cardiol
53: 2315-2323
[Abstract][Full Text]
Semb, A. G., Provan, S., Kvien, T., Pedersen, T.
(2009). Effect of high-intensity statin treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: a case with possible coronary atheroma regression and progression of rheumatoid valve degeneration. BMJ Case Reports
2009: bcr0820080717-bcr0820080717
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hage, F. G., Venkataraman, R., Zoghbi, G. J., Perry, G. J., DeMattos, A. M., Iskandrian, A. E.
(2009). The scope of coronary heart disease in patients with chronic kidney disease.. J Am Coll Cardiol
53: 2129-2140
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tang, T. Y., Howarth, S. P.S., Miller, S. R., Graves, M. J., Patterson, A. J., U-King-Im, J.-M., Li, Z. Y., Walsh, S. R., Brown, A. P., Kirkpatrick, P. J., Warburton, E. A., Hayes, P. D., Varty, K., Boyle, J. R., Gaunt, M. E., Zalewski, A., Gillard, J. H.
(2009). The ATHEROMA (Atorvastatin Therapy: Effects on Reduction of Macrophage Activity) Study: Evaluation Using Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Carotid Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol
53: 2039-2050
[Abstract][Full Text]
Visavadiya, N. P., Narasimhacharya, A. V. R. L.
(2009). Asparagus Root Regulates Cholesterol Metabolism and Improves Antioxidant Status in Hypercholesteremic Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
6: 219-226
[Abstract][Full Text]
Aydin, U., Ugurlucan, M., Gungor, F., Ziyade, S., Inan, B., Banach, M., Kalko, Y., Yasar, T.
(2009). Effects of Atorvastatin on Vascular Intimal Hyperplasia: An Experimental Rodent Model. ANGIOLOGY
60: 370-377
[Abstract]
Canoy, D., Pouta, A., Ruokonen, A., Hartikainen, A.-L., Saikku, P., Jarvelin, M.-R.
(2009). Weight at Birth and Infancy in Relation to Adult Leukocyte Count: A Population-Based Study of 5619 Men and Women Followed from the Fetal Period to Adulthood. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
94: 1916-1922
[Abstract][Full Text]
Previous
