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Autotransfusion, a technique in which blood obtained from a patient is at some later time given back to the patient, has existed since the beginning of the 19th century. Until Karl Landsteiner's discovery of the ABO blood groups and the development of a reliable blood-banking system, it was the only way of trying to save a patient with the possibility of sustaining major blood loss. The shortages of allogeneic blood products for transfusion purposes led to the continued development of techniques for autotransfusion. Furthermore, the advantages of autologous blood became clear: no reactions to transfusion, no immunosuppression, and no transmission
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