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For much of their length, peripheral nerves are protected against the immune system by tight capillary endothelial junctions and perineurium. However, this protection is only relative. Lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, complement components, viruses, and toxins can gain access to motor nerves at their termination in skeletal muscle and to sensory nerves at the level of the dorsal-root ganglion. Such access can be a recipe for trouble, since peripheral nerves contain molecules that very suitably serve as autoantigens, such as myelin-specific lipids and proteins, and microglia-like cells that can present antigens to lymphocytes. Immune-mediated damage to the peripheral nervous system may occur in
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