Treatment of High-Risk Neuroblastoma with Intensive Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation, and 13-cis-Retinoic Acid
Katherine K. Matthay, M.D., Judith G. Villablanca, M.D., Robert C. Seeger, M.D., Daniel O. Stram, Ph.D., Richard E. Harris, M.D., Norma K. Ramsay, M.D., Patrick Swift, M.D., Hiroyuki Shimada, M.D., C. Thomas Black, M.D., Garrett M. Brodeur, M.D., Robert B. Gerbing, M.A., C. Patrick Reynolds, M.D., Ph.D., for The Children's Cancer Group
Background Children with high-risk neuroblastoma have a pooroutcome. In this study, we assessed whether myeloablative therapyin conjunction with transplantation of autologous bone marrowimproved event-free survival as compared with chemotherapy alone,and whether subsequent treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin)further improves event-free survival.
Methods All patients were treated with the same initial regimenof chemotherapy, and those without disease progression werethen randomly assigned to receive continued treatment with myeloablativechemotherapy, total-body irradiation, and transplantation ofautologous bone marrow purged of neuroblastoma cells or to receivethree cycles of intensive chemotherapy alone. All patients whocompleted cytotoxic therapy without disease progression werethen randomly assigned to receive no further therapy or treatmentwith 13-cis-retinoic acid for six months.
Results The mean (±SE) event-free survival rate threeyears after the first randomization was significantly betteramong the 189 patients who were assigned to undergo transplantationthan among the 190 patients assigned to receive continuationchemotherapy (34±4 percent vs. 22±4 percent, P=0.034).The event-free survival rate three years after the second randomizationwas significantly better among the 130 patients who were assignedto receive 13-cis-retinoic acid than among the 128 patientsassigned to receive no further therapy (46±6 percentvs. 29±5 percent, P=0.027).
Conclusions Treatment with myeloablative therapy and autologousbone marrow transplantation improved event-free survival amongchildren with high-risk neuroblastoma. In addition, treatmentwith 13-cis-retinoic acid was beneficial for patients withoutprogressive disease when it was administered after chemotherapyor transplantation.
Source Information
From the Departments of Pediatrics (K.K.M.) and Radiation Oncology (P.S.), University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.G.V., R.C.S., C.P.R.) and Pathology (H.S., C.P.R.), University of Southern California School of Medicine and Children's Hospital, Los Angeles; the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles (D.O.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (R.E.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (N.K.R.); the Department of Surgery, M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston (C.T.B.); the Children's Cancer Group, Arcadia, Calif. (D.O.S., R.B.G.); and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (G.M.B.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Matthay at the Children's Cancer Group, P.O. Box 60012, Arcadia, CA 91066-6012.
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(2005). The p53 regulatory gene MDM2 is a direct transcriptional target of MYCN in neuroblastoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
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Uccini, S., Mannarino, O., McDowell, H. P., Pauser, U., Vitali, R., Natali, P. G., Altavista, P., Andreano, T., Coco, S., Boldrini, R., Bosco, S., Clerico, A., Cozzi, D., Donfrancesco, A., Inserra, A., Kokai, G., Losty, P. D., Nicotra, M. R., Raschella, G., Tonini, G. P., Dominici, C.
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Chi, S. N., Gardner, S. L., Levy, A. S., Knopp, E. A., Miller, D. C., Wisoff, J. H., Weiner, H. L., Finlay, J. L.
(2004). Feasibility and Response to Induction Chemotherapy Intensified With High-Dose Methotrexate for Young Children With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Disseminated Medulloblastoma. JCO
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Kushner, B. H., Kramer, K., LaQuaglia, M. P., Modak, S., Yataghene, K., Cheung, N.-K. V.
(2004). Reduction From Seven to Five Cycles of Intensive Induction Chemotherapy in Children With High-Risk Neuroblastoma. JCO
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Yang, Q., Zage, P., Kagan, D., Tian, Y., Seshadri, R., Salwen, H. R., Liu, S., Chlenski, A., Cohn, S. L.
(2004). Association of Epigenetic Inactivation of RASSF1A with Poor Outcome in Human Neuroblastoma. Clin. Cancer Res.
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Puppo, M., Pastorino, S., Melillo, G., Pezzolo, A., Varesio, L., Bosco, M. C.
(2004). Induction of Apoptosis by Flavopiridol in Human Neuroblastoma Cells Is Enhanced under Hypoxia and Associated With N-myc Proto-oncogene Down-Regulation. Clin. Cancer Res.
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Nagai, J.-i., Yazawa, T., Okudela, K., Kigasawa, H., Kitamura, H., Osaka, H.
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Kretschmar, C. S., Kletzel, M., Murray, K., Thorner, P., Joshi, V., Marcus, R., Smith, E. I., London, W. B., Castleberry, R.
(2004). Response to Paclitaxel, Topotecan, and Topotecan-Cyclophosphamide in Children With Untreated Disseminated Neuroblastoma Treated in an Upfront Phase II Investigational Window: A Pediatric Oncology Group Study. JCO
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Roberts, S. S., Mori, M., Pattee, P., Lapidus, J., Mathews, R., O'Malley, J. P., Hsieh, Y. C., Turner, M. A., Wang, Z., Tian, Q., Rodland, M. J., Reynolds, C. P., Seeger, R. C., Nagalla, S. R.
(2004). GABAergic System Gene Expression Predicts Clinical Outcome in Patients With Neuroblastoma. JCO
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Katzenstein, H. M., Cohn, S. L., Shore, R. M., Bardo, D. M.E., Haut, P. R., Olszewski, M., Schmoldt, J., Liu, D., Rademaker, A. W., Kletzel, M.
(2004). Scintigraphic Response by 123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scan Correlates With Event-Free Survival in High-Risk Neuroblastoma. JCO
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Simon, T., Hero, B., Faldum, A., Handgretinger, R., Schrappe, M., Niethammer, D., Berthold, F.
(2004). Consolidation Treatment With Chimeric Anti-GD2-Antibody ch14.18 in Children Older Than 1 Year With Metastatic Neuroblastoma. JCO
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Dmitrovsky, E.
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Lovat, P. E., Di Sano, F., Corazzari, M., Fazi, B., Donnorso, R. P., Pearson, A. D. J., Hall, A. G., Redfern, C. P. F., Piacentini, M.
(2004). Gangliosides Link the Acidic Sphingomyelinase-Mediated Induction of Ceramide to 12-Lipoxygenase-Dependent Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma in Response to Fenretinide. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst
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Alaminos, M., Davalos, V., Cheung, N.-K. V., Gerald, W. L., Esteller, M.
(2004). Clustering of Gene Hypermethylation Associated With Clinical Risk Groups in Neuroblastoma. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst
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Batra, S., Reynolds, C. P., Maurer, B. J.
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Kushner, B. H.
(2004). Neuroblastoma: A Disease Requiring a Multitude of Imaging Studies. JNM
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Almgren, M. A.E., Henriksson, K. C. E., Fujimoto, J., Chang, C. L.
(2004). Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase A/nm23-H1 Promotes Metastasis of NB69-Derived Human Neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Res
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DuBois, S. G., Messina, J., Maris, J. M., Huberty, J., Glidden, D. V., Veatch, J., Charron, M., Hawkins, R., Matthay, K. K.
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Wagner, L. M., Billups, C. A., Furman, W. L., Rao, B. N., Santana, V. M.
(2004). Combined Use of Erythropoietin and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Does Not Decrease Blood Transfusion Requirements During Induction Therapy for High-Risk Neuroblastoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JCO
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Metelitsa, L. S., Wu, H.-W., Wang, H., Yang, Y., Warsi, Z., Asgharzadeh, S., Groshen, S., Wilson, S. B., Seeger, R. C.
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Santos, A., Calvet, L., Terrier-Lacombe, M.-J., Larsen, A., Benard, J., Pondarre, C., Aubert, G., Morizet, J., Lavelle, F., Vassal, G.
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Karlsson, J., Ora, I., Porn-Ares, I., Pahlman, S.
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Chantrain, C. F., Shimada, H., Jodele, S., Groshen, S., Ye, W., Shalinsky, D. R., Werb, Z., Coussens, L. M., DeClerck, Y. A.
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Rorie, C. J., Thomas, V. D., Chen, P., Pierce, H. H., O'Bryan, J. P., Weissman, B. E.
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Yu, J. H., Nakajima, A., Nakajima, H., Diller, L. R., Bloch, K. D., Bloch, D. B.
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