Background Inherited mutations cause approximately 35 percentof cases of dilated cardiomyopathy; however, few genes associatedwith this disease have been identified. Previously, we locateda gene defect that was responsible for autosomal dominant dilatedcardiomyopathy and conduction-system disease on chromosome 1p1q21,where nuclear-envelope proteins lamin A and lamin C are encodedby the LMNA (lamin A/C) gene. Mutations in the head or taildomain of this gene cause EmeryDreifuss muscular dystrophy,a childhood-onset disease characterized by joint contracturesand in some cases by abnormalities of cardiac conduction duringadulthood.
Methods We evaluated 11 families with autosomal dominant dilatedcardiomyopathy and conduction-system disease. Sequences of thelamin A/C exons were determined in probands from each family,and variants were confirmed by restriction-enzyme digestion.The genotypes of the family members were ascertained.
Results Five novel missense mutations were identified: fourin the -helical rod domain of the lamin A/C gene, and one inthe lamin C tail domain. Each mutation caused heritable, progressiveconduction-system disease (sinus bradycardia, atrioventricularconduction block, or atrial arrhythmias) and dilated cardiomyopathy.Heart failure and sudden death occurred frequently within thesefamilies. No family members with mutations had either jointcontractures or skeletal myopathy. Serum creatine kinase levelswere normal in family members with mutations of the lamin rodbut mildly elevated in some family members with a defect inthe tail domain of lamin C.
Conclusions Genetic defects in distinct domains of the nuclear-envelopeproteins lamin A and lamin C selectively cause dilated cardiomyopathywith conduction-system disease or autosomal dominant EmeryDreifussmuscular dystrophy. Missense mutations in the rod domain ofthe lamin A/C gene provide a genetic cause for dilated cardiomyopathyand indicate that this intermediate filament protein has animportant role in cardiac conduction and contractility.
Source Information
From the Cardiovascular Division and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.F., C.E.S.) and the Division of Neuropathology (U.D.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; the Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.M., T.S., S.S., J.G.S., C.E.S.); the Cardiovascular Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison (M.R.W.); the Cardiovascular Division, Hospital G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy (M.P.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Wales Heart Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.F.); the Department of Cardiology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia (J.A.); and the Cardiovascular Division, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wis. (H.J.V.). Drs. Fatkin, MacRae, and Sasaki contributed equally to the article.Other authors were Francesco Muntoni, M.D., Hammersmith Hospital, London; Gerry Müehle, B.Sc., Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; and Wendy Johnson, M.D., and Barbara McDonough, R.N., Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.
Address reprint requests to Dr. C.E. Seidman at the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Alpert Rm. 533, 200 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, or at cseidman{at}rascal.med.harvard.edu.
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