FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 341:2100 December 30, 1999 Number 27 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text Purchase this article Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited Related Article Related Article by Florman, D. A. PubMed Citation

To the Editor: Indirect evidence suggests that gum chewing may have greater metabolic effects than has been appreciated. The thermic effect of food is reduced when nutrition bypasses the mouth.¹ In cows, chewing increases energy expenditure by approximately 20 percent.^2,3 We measured how energy expenditure changes with gum chewing in humans.

Energy expenditure was measured in a temperature-controlled, darkened, silent laboratory with an indirect calorimeter (model 229, SensorMedics, Yorba Linda, Calif.) that was calibrated before each measurement with two primary-standard gases (a combination of 4 percent carbon dioxide and 16 percent oxygen and a combination of 26 percent oxygen and . . . [Full Text of this Article]

References

Related Letters:

More on Chewing Gum
Florman D. A., Levine J.
Extract | Full Text  
N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1531-1532, May 18, 2000. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Levine, J. A. (2004). Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): environment and biology. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 286: E675-E685 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jessen, A. B, Toubro, S., Astrup, A. (2003). Effect of chewing gum containing nicotine and caffeine on energy expenditure and substrate utilization in men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77: 1442-1447 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Levine, J., Melanson, E. L., Westerterp, K. R., Hill, J. O. (2001). Measurement of the components of nonexercise activity thermogenesis. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 281: E670-E675 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Florman, D. A., Levine, J. (2000). More on Chewing Gum. NEJM 342: 1531-1532 [Full Text]