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The management of bladder cancer is a common and complex clinical challenge. In the United States, it is the fourth most common cancer in men and the eighth most common in women. Rates vary widely among North American men, however, from 28 cases per 100,000 person-years in Connecticut to only 12 cases per 100,000 person-years in British Columbia. Observations from almost 50 years ago implicated work in the dyestuffs industry and work in the rubber industry as occupational causes; subsequently, increased risks of bladder cancer associated with a range of other industries have emerged.
The disease is intriguing to both
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