FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 342:1866-1870 June 22, 2000 Number 25 Next

	Full Text PDF Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background Continuous intravenous infusion of epoprostenol (prostacyclin) is an effective treatment for primary pulmonary hypertension. This approach requires the insertion of a permanent central venous catheter, with the associated risk of serious complications. Recently, aerosolized iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, has been introduced as an alternative therapy for severe pulmonary hypertension.

Methods We evaluated the effects of aerosolized iloprost on exercise capacity and hemodynamic variables over a one-year period in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension.

Results Twenty-four patients with primary pulmonary hypertension received aerosolized iloprost at a daily dose of 100 or 150 µg for at least one year. The mean (±SD) distance covered in the six-minute walk test increased from 278±96 m at base line to 363± 135 m after 12 months (P<0.001). During the same period, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure before the inhalation of iloprost declined from 59±10 mm Hg to 52±15 mm Hg (P=0.006), cardiac output increased from 3.8±1.4 liters per minute to 4.4±1.3 liters per minute (P=0.02), and pulmonary vascular resistance declined from 1205±467 dyn·sec·cm^–5 to 925±469 dyn·sec·cm^–5 (P<0.001). The treatment was generally well tolerated, except for mild coughing, minor headache, and jaw pain in some patients.

Conclusions Long-term treatment with aerosolized iloprost is safe and has sustained effects on exercise capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension.

Source Information

From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Hoeper at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany, or at kmhoeper{at}aol.com.

Full Text of this Article

Related Letters:

Aerosolized Iloprost for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Ewert R., Wensel R., Opitz C. F., Hoeper M. M., Spiekerkoetter E., Fabel H.
Extract | Full Text  
N Engl J Med 2000; 343:1421-1422, Nov 9, 2000. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Jing, Z-C, Jiang, X, Wu, B-X, Xu, X-Q, Wu, Y, Ma, C-R, Wang, Y, Yang, Y-J, Pu, J-L, Gao, W (2009). Vardenafil treatment for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a multicentre, open-label study. Heart 95: 1531-1536 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McLaughlin, V. V., Archer, S. L., Badesch, D. B., Barst, R. J., Farber, H. W., Lindner, J. R., Mathier, M. A., McGoon, M. D., Park, M. H., Rosenson, R. S., Rubin, L. J., Tapson, V. F., Varga, J. (2009). ACCF/AHA 2009 Expert Consensus Document on Pulmonary Hypertension: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association Developed in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians; American Thoracic Society, Inc.; and the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. J Am Coll Cardiol 53: 1573-1619 [Full Text]  
• Writing Committee Members, , McLaughlin, V. V., Archer, S. L., Badesch, D. B., Barst, R. J., Farber, H. W., Lindner, J. R., Mathier, M. A., McGoon, M. D., Park, M. H., Rosenson, R. S., Rubin, L. J., Tapson, V. F., Varga, J. (2009). ACCF/AHA 2009 Expert Consensus Document on Pulmonary Hypertension: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association: Developed in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, Inc., and the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. Circulation 119: 2250-2294 [Full Text]  
• Olschewski, H. (2009). Inhaled iloprost for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. ERR 18: 29-34 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McGoon, M. D., Kane, G. C. (2009). Pulmonary Hypertension: Diagnosis and Management. Mayo Clin Proc. 84: 191-207 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Leuchte, H. H., Baezner, C., Baumgartner, R. A., Bevec, D., Bacher, G., Neurohr, C., Behr, J. (2008). Inhalation of vasoactive intestinal peptide in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 32: 1289-1294 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Boutet, K., Montani, D., Jais, X., Yaici, A., Sitbon, O., Simonneau, G., Humbert, M. (2008). Review: Therapeutic advances in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2: 249-265 [Abstract]  
• El-Haroun, H., Clarke, D. L., Deacon, K., Bradbury, D., Clayton, A., Sutcliffe, A., Knox, A. J. (2008). IL-1{beta}, BK, and TGF-{beta}1 attenuate PGI2-mediated cAMP formation in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by multiple mechanisms involving p38 MAP kinase and PKA. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 294: L553-L562 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• National Pulmonary Hypertension Centres of the UK, (2008). Consensus statement on the management of pulmonary hypertension in clinical practice in the UK and Ireland. Heart 94: i1-i41 [Full Text]  
• National Pulmonary Hypertension Centres of the UK, (2008). Consensus statement on the management of pulmonary hypertension in clinical practice in the UK and Ireland. Thorax 63: ii1-ii41 [Full Text]  
• Jaffar, Z., Ferrini, M. E., Buford, M. C., FitzGerald, G. A., Roberts, K. (2007). Prostaglandin I2-IP Signaling Blocks Allergic Pulmonary Inflammation by Preventing Recruitment of CD4+ Th2 Cells into the Airways in a Mouse Model of Asthma. J. Immunol. 179: 6193-6203 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Badesch, D. B., Abman, S. H., Simonneau, G., Rubin, L. J., McLaughlin, V. V. (2007). Medical Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Updated ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 131: 1917-1928 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McLaughlin, V. V., Oudiz, R. J., Frost, A., Tapson, V. F., Murali, S., Channick, R. N., Badesch, D. B., Barst, R. J., Hsu, H. H., Rubin, L. J. (2006). Randomized Study of Adding Inhaled Iloprost to Existing Bosentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174: 1257-1263 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Distler, O., Pignone, A. (2006). Pulmonary arterial hypertension and rheumatic diseases--from diagnosis to treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford) 45: iv22-iv25 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McLaughlin, V. V., McGoon, M. D. (2006). Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 114: 1417-1431 [Full Text]  
• Ulrich, S., Fischler, M., Speich, R., Popov, V., Maggiorini, M. (2006). Chronic thromboembolic and pulmonary arterial hypertension share acute vasoreactivity properties.. Chest 130: 841-846 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lang, I., Gomez-Sanchez, M., Kneussl, M., Naeije, R., Escribano, P., Skoro-Sajer, N., Vachiery, J.-L. (2006). Efficacy of Long-term Subcutaneous Treprostinil Sodium Therapy in Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest 129: 1636-1643 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nakae, K., Saito, K., Iino, T., Yamamoto, N., Wakabayashi, M., Yoshikawa, S., Matsushima, S., Miyashita, H., Sugimoto, H., Kiba, A., Gupta, J. (2005). A Prostacyclin Receptor Antagonist Inhibits the Sensitized Release of Substance P from Rat Sensory Neurons. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 315: 1136-1142 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Provencher, S., Jais, X., Yaici, A., Sitbon, O., Humbert, M., Simonneau, G. (2005). Clinical Challenges in Pulmonary Hypertension: Roger S. Mitchell Lecture. Chest 128: 622S-628S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Provencher, S., Jais, X., Yaici, A., Sitbon, O., Humbert, M., Simonneau, G. (2005). Clinical Challenges in Pulmonary Hypertension: Roger S. Mitchell Lecture. Chest 128: 622S-628S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Leuchte, H. H., Holzapfel, M., Baumgartner, R. A., Neurohr, C., Vogeser, M., Behr, J. (2005). Characterization of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Long-term Follow-up of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest 128: 2368-2374 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nadrous, H. F., Pellikka, P. A., Krowka, M. J., Swanson, K. L., Chaowalit, N., Decker, P. A., Ryu, J. H. (2005). Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Chest 128: 2393-2399 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Moorman, J., Saad, M., Kosseifi, S., Krishnaswamy, G. (2005). Hepatitis C Virus and the Lung: Implications for Therapy. Chest 128: 2882-2892 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Opitz, C. F., Wensel, R., Winkler, J., Halank, M., Bruch, L., Kleber, F.-X., Hoffken, G., Anker, S. D., Negassa, A., Felix, S. B., Hetzer, R., Ewert, R. (2005). Clinical efficacy and survival with first-line inhaled iloprost therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 26: 1895-1902 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rubin, L. J., Badesch, D. B. (2005). Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. ANN INTERN MED 143: 282-292 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schermuly, R. T., Yilmaz, H., Ghofrani, H. A., Woyda, K., Pullamsetti, S., Schulz, A., Gessler, T., Dumitrascu, R., Weissmann, N., Grimminger, F., Seeger, W. (2005). Inhaled Iloprost Reverses Vascular Remodeling in Chronic Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 358-363 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Baker, S. E, Hockman, R. H. (2005). Inhaled Iloprost in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39: 1265-1274 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dwyer-Nield, L. D., Srebernak, M. C., Barrett, B. S., Ahn, J., Cosper, P., Meyer, A. M., Kisley, L. R., Bauer, A. K., Thompson, D. C., Malkinson, A. M. (2005). Cytokines differentially regulate the synthesis of prostanoid and nitric oxide mediators in tumorigenic versus non-tumorigenic mouse lung epithelial cell lines. Carcinogenesis 26: 1196-1206 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bossone, E., Bodini, B. D., Mazza, A., Allegra, L. (2005). Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Key Role of Echocardiography. Chest 127: 1836-1843 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dembinski, R., Brackhahn, W., Henzler, D., Rott, A., Bensberg, R., Kuhlen, R., Rossaint, R. (2005). Cardiopulmonary effects of iloprost in experimental acute lung injury. Eur Respir J 25: 81-87 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pettersen, E., Morstol, T. H., Vegsundvag, J. A. (2005). Long-term echocardiographic follow-up of a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving iloprost inhalations. Eur J Echocardiogr 6: 67-71 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Task Force members, , Galie, N., Torbicki, A., Barst, R., Dartevelle, P., Haworth, S., Higenbottam, T., Olschewski, H., Peacock, A., Pietra, G., Rubin, L. J., Simonneau, G. (2004). Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: The Task Force on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 25: 2243-2278 [Full Text]  
• Humbert, M., Sitbon, O., Simonneau, G. (2004). Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. NEJM 351: 1425-1436 [Full Text]  
• Tissieres, P., Nicod, L., Barazzone-Argiroffo, C., Rimensberger, P. C., Beghetti, M. (2004). Aerosolized iloprost as a bridge to lung transplantation in a patient with cystic fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 78: e48-e50 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsai, B. M., Wang, M., Turrentine, M. W., Mahomed, Y., Brown, J. W., Meldrum, D. R. (2004). Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in cardiothoracic surgery: basic mechanisms to potential therapies. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 78: 360-368 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Oudiz, R. J., Widlitz, A., Beckmann, X. J., Camanga, D., Alfie, J., Brundage, B. H., Barst, R. J. (2004). Micrococcus-Associated Central Venous Catheter Infection in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest 126: 90-94 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Resten, A., Maitre, S., Humbert, M., Rabiller, A., Sitbon, O., Capron, F., Simonneau, G., Musset, D. (2004). Pulmonary Hypertension: CT of the Chest in Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease. Am. J. Roentgenol. 183: 65-70 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Badesch, D. B., Abman, S. H., Ahearn, G. S., Barst, R. J., McCrory, D. C., Simonneau, G., McLaughlin, V. V. (2004). Medical Therapy For Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 126: 35S-62S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Badesch, D. B., McLaughlin, V. V., Delcroix, M., Vizza, C., Olschewski, H., Sitbon, O., Barst, R. J. (2004). Prostanoid therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 43: 56S-61S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mikhail, G. W, Prasad, S. K, Li, W., Rogers, P., Chester, A. H, Bayne, S., Stephens, D., Khan, M., Gibbs, J.S.R, Evans, T. W, Mitchell, A., Yacoub, M. H, Gatzoulis, M. A (2004). Clinical and haemodynamic effects of sildenafil in pulmonary hypertension: acute and mid-term effects. Eur Heart J 25: 431-436 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wilkins, M. R. (2004). Selective or Nonselective Endothelin Receptor Blockade in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 169: 433-434 [Full Text]  
• Ghofrani, H.A., Friese, G., Discher, T., Olschewski, H., Schermuly, R.T., Weissmann, N., Seeger, W., Grimminger, F., Lohmeyer, J. (2004). Inhaled iloprost is a potent acute pulmonary vasodilator in HIV-related severe pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 23: 321-326 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chu, D., Sullivan, C. C., Du, L., Cho, A. J., Kido, M., Wolf, P. L., Weitzman, M. D., Jamieson, S. W., Thistlethwaite, P. A. (2004). A new animal model for pulmonary hypertension based on the overexpression of a single gene, angiopoietin-1. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 77: 449-456 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Leuchte, H. H., Schwaiblmair, M., Baumgartner, R. A., Neurohr, C. F., Kolbe, T., Behr, J. (2004). Hemodynamic Response to Sildenafil, Nitric Oxide, and Iloprost in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest 125: 580-586 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nagaya, N., Kyotani, S., Uematsu, M., Ueno, K., Oya, H., Nakanishi, N., Shirai, M., Mori, H., Miyatake, K., Kangawa, K. (2004). Effects of Adrenomedullin Inhalation on Hemodynamics and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 109: 351-356 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Itoh, T., Nagaya, N., Fujii, T., Iwase, T., Nakanishi, N., Hamada, K., Kangawa, K., Kimura, H. (2004). A Combination of Oral Sildenafil and Beraprost Ameliorates Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 169: 34-38 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Takahashi, H. K., Iwagaki, H., Tamura, R., Xue, D., Sano, M., Mori, S., Yoshino, T., Tanaka, N., Nishibori, M. (2003). Unique Regulation Profile of Prostaglandin E1 on Adhesion Molecule Expression and Cytokine Production in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 307: 1188-1195 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nagaya, N., Okumura, H., Uematsu, M., Shimizu, W., Ono, F., Shirai, M., Mori, H., Miyatake, K., Kangawa, K. (2003). Repeated inhalation of adrenomedullin ameliorates pulmonary hypertension and survival in monocrotaline rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 285: H2125-H2131 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Olschewski, H., Rohde, B., Behr, J., Ewert, R., Gessler, T., Ghofrani, H. A., Schmehl, T. (2003). Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Iloprost, Aerosolized by Three Different Devices, in Severe Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest 124: 1294-1304 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bhatia, S., Frantz, R. P., Severson, C. J., Durst, L. A., McGoon, M. D. (2003). Immediate and Long-term Hemodynamic and Clinical Effects of Sildenafil in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Receiving Vasodilator Therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 78: 1207-1213 [Abstract]  
• Leuchte, H.H, Baumgartner, R.A, Behr, J (2003). Treatment of Severe Pulmonary Hypertension with Inhaled Iloprost. ANN INTERN MED 139: 306-306 [Full Text]  
• Hoeper, M.M., Taha, N., Bekjarova, A., Gatzke, R., Spiekerkoetter, E. (2003). Bosentan treatment in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving nonparenteral prostanoids. Eur Respir J 22: 330-334 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schermuly, R.T., Leuchte, H., Ghofrani, H.A., Weissmann, N., Rose, F., Kohstall, M., Olschewski, H., Schudt, C., Grimminger, F., Seeger, W., Walmrath, D. (2003). Zardaverine and aerosolised iloprost in a model of acute respiratoryfailure. Eur Respir J 22: 342-347 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ghofrani, H. A., Rose, F., Schermuly, R. T., Olschewski, H., Wiedemann, R., Kreckel, A., Weissmann, N., Ghofrani, S., Enke, B., Seeger, W., Grimminger, F. (2003). Oral sildenafil as long-term adjunct therapy to inhaled iloprost in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 42: 158-164 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sharma, S. (2003). Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Step Forward. Chest 124: 8-11 [Full Text]  
• Sitbon, O., Badesch, D. B., Channick, R. N., Frost, A., Robbins, I. M., Simonneau, G., Tapson, V. F., Rubin, L. J. (2003). Effects of the Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Bosentan in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A 1-Year Follow-up Study. Chest 124: 247-254 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fruhwald, F. M., Kjellstrom, B., Perthold, W., Watzinger, N., Maier, R., Grandjean, P. A., Klein, W. (2003). Continuous Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pulmonary Hypertensive Patients Treated With Inhaled Iloprost. Chest 124: 351-359 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Barst, R. J., McGoon, M., McLaughlin, V., Tapson, V., Oudiz, R., Shapiro, S., Robbins, I. M., Channick, R., Badesch, D., Rayburn, B. K., Flinchbaugh, R., Sigman, J., Arneson, C., Jeffs, R., Beraprost Study Group, (2003). Beraprost therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 2119-2125 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sciurba, F., Criner, G. J., Lee, S. M., Mohsenifar, Z., Shade, D., Slivka, W., Wise, R. A. (2003). Six-Minute Walk Distance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Reproducibility and Effect of Walking Course Layout and Length. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167: 1522-1527 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Opitz, C.F, Wensel, R, Bettmann, M, Schaffarczyk, R, Linscheid, M, Hetzer, R, Ewert, R (2003). Assessment of the vasodilator response in primary pulmonary hypertension: Comparing prostacyclin and iloprost administered by either infusion or inhalation. Eur Heart J 24: 356-365 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Budhiraja, R., Hassoun, P. M. (2003). Portopulmonary Hypertension: A Tale of Two Circulations. Chest 123: 562-576 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Widlitz, A., Barst, R.J. (2003). Pulmonary arterial hypertension in children. Eur Respir J 21: 155-176 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eddahibi, S., Morrell, N., d'Ortho, M-P., Naeije, R., Adnot, S. (2002). Pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 20: 1559-1572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schermuly, R. T., Schulz, A., Ghofrani, H. A., Meidow, A., Rose, F., Roehl, A., Weissmann, N., Hildebrand, M., Kurz, J., Grimminger, F., Walmrath, D., Seeger, W. (2002). Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Infused versus Inhaled Iloprost in Isolated Rabbit Lungs. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 303: 741-745 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Galie, N., Manes, A., Branzi, A. (2002). The new clinical trials on pharmacological treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 20: 1037-1049 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chatterjee, K., De Marco, T., Alpert, J. S. (2002). Pulmonary Hypertension: Hemodynamic Diagnosis and Management. Arch Intern Med 162: 1925-1933 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spiekerkoetter, E., Fabel, H., Hoeper, M.M. (2002). Effects of inhaled salbutamol in primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 20: 524-528 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hoeper, M.M., Spiekerkoetter, E., Westerkamp, V., Gatzke, R., Fabel, H. (2002). Intravenous iloprost for treatment failure of aerosolised iloprost in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 20: 339-343 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Olschewski, H., Simonneau, G., Galie, N., Higenbottam, T., Naeije, R., Rubin, L. J., Nikkho, S., Speich, R., Hoeper, M. M., Behr, J., Winkler, J., Sitbon, O., Popov, W., Ghofrani, H. A., Manes, A., Kiely, D. G., Ewert, R., Meyer, A., Corris, P. A., Delcroix, M., Gomez-Sanchez, M., Siedentop, H., Seeger, W., the Aerosolized Iloprost Randomized Study Group, (2002). Inhaled Iloprost for Severe Pulmonary Hypertension. NEJM 347: 322-329 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Blumberg, F. C., Riegger, G. A. J., Pfeifer, M. (2002). Hemodynamic Effects of Aerosolized Iloprost in Pulmonary Hypertension at Rest and During Exercise*. Chest 121: 1566-1571 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hoeper, M. M., Galie, N., Simonneau, G., Rubin, L. J. (2002). New Treatments for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 165: 1209-1216 [Full Text]  
• Ghofrani, H. A., Wiedemann, R., Rose, F., Olschewski, H., Schermuly, R. T., Weissmann, N., Seeger, W., Grimminger, F. (2002). Combination Therapy with Oral Sildenafil and Inhaled Iloprost for Severe Pulmonary Hypertension. ANN INTERN MED 136: 515-522 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rubin, L. J., Badesch, D. B., Barst, R. J., Galie, N., Black, C. M., Keogh, A., Pulido, T., Frost, A., Roux, S., Leconte, I., Landzberg, M., Simonneau, G., the Bosentan Randomized Trial of Endothelin Antago, (2002). Bosentan Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. NEJM 346: 896-903 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• SIMONNEAU, G., BARST, R. J., GALIE, N., NAEIJE, R., RICH, S., BOURGE, R. C., KEOGH, A., OUDIZ, R., FROST, A., BLACKBURN, S. D., CROW, J. W., RUBIN, L. J. (2002). Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Treprostinil, a Prostacyclin Analogue, in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension . A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 165: 800-804 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Beghetti, M., Reber, G., de Moerloose, P., Vadas, L., Chiappe, A., Spahr-Schopfer, I., Rimensberger, P.C. (2002). Aerosolized iloprost induces a mild but sustained inhibition of platelet aggregation. Eur Respir J 19: 518-524 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hoeper, M.M. (2002). Pulmonary hypertension in collagen vascular disease. Eur Respir J 19: 571-576 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Clapp, L. H., Finney, P., Turcato, S., Tran, S., Rubin, L. J., Tinker, A. (2002). Differential Effects of Stable Prostacyclin Analogs on Smooth Muscle Proliferation and Cyclic AMP Generation in Human Pulmonary Artery. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 26: 194-201 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Keith, R. L., Miller, Y. E., Hoshikawa, Y., Moore, M. D., Gesell, T. L., Gao, B., Malkinson, A. M., Golpon, H. A., Nemenoff, R. A., Geraci, M. W. (2002). Manipulation of Pulmonary Prostacyclin Synthase Expression Prevents Murine Lung Cancer. Cancer Res. 62: 734-740 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• WILKINS, M. R, WHARTON, J. (2001). Progress in, and future prospects for, the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Heart 86: 603-604 [Full Text]  
• Vizza, C D, Sciomer, S, Morelli, S, Lavalle, C, Di Marzio, P, Padovani, D, Badagliacca, R, Vestri, A R, Naeije, R, Fedele, F (2001). Long term treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with beraprost, an oral prostacyclin analogue. Heart 86: 661-665 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• SCHERMULY, R. T., KRUPNIK, E., TENOR, H., SCHUDT, C., WEISSMANN, N., ROSE, F., GRIMMINGER, F., SEEGER, W., WALMRATH, D., GHOFRANI, H. A. (2001). Coaerosolization of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Markedly Enhances the Pulmonary Vasodilatory Response to Inhaled Iloprost in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension . Maintenance of Lung Selectivity. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164: 1694-1700 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wilkens, H., Guth, A., Konig, J., Forestier, N., Cremers, B., Hennen, B., Bohm, M., Sybrecht, G. W. (2001). Effect of Inhaled Iloprost Plus Oral Sildenafil in Patients With Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 104: 1218-1222 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Beghetti, M, Berner, M, Rimensberger, P C (2001). Long term inhalation of iloprost in a child with primary pulmonary hypertension: an alternative to continuous infusion. Heart 86: e10-10 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• British Cardiac Society Guidelines and Medical Pra, (2001). Recommendations on the management of pulmonary hypertension in clinical practice. Heart 86: i1-13 [Full Text]  
• Saba, T., Peacock, A.J. (2001). Long-term treatment of pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost. Eur Respir J 18: 247-247 [Full Text]  
• Thistlethwaite, P. A., Lee, S. H., Du, L.-L., Wolf, P. L., Sullivan, C., Pradhan, S., Deutsch, R., Jamieson, S. W. (2001). Human angiopoietin gene expression is a marker for severity of pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 122: 65-73 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lang, I.M., Baumgartner, H., Kneussl, M. (2001). Long-term treatment of pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost. Eur Respir J 17: 1334-1335 [Full Text]  
• Shyue, S.-K., Tsai, M.-J., Liou, J.-Y., Willerson, J. T., Wu, K. K. (2001). Selective Augmentation of Prostacyclin Production by Combined Prostacyclin Synthase and Cyclooxygenase-1 Gene Transfer. Circulation 103: 2090-2095 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Galiè, N., Torbicki, A. (2001). GENERAL CARDIOLOGY: Pulmonary arterial hypertension: new ideas and perspectives. Heart 85: 475-480 [Full Text]  
• BAILEY, C. L, CHANNICK, R. N, RUBIN, L. J (2001). A new era in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Heart 85: 251-252 [Full Text]  
• Galie, N. (2001). Do we need controlled clinical trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension?. Eur Respir J 17: 1-3 [Full Text]  
• Higenbottam, T., Siddons, T. (2001). Trials of inhaled Iloprost and other new vasodilating prostaglandins. Eur Respir J 17: 6-7 [Full Text]  
• Machherndl, S., Kneussl, M., Baumgartner, H., Schneider, B., Petkov, V., Schenk, P., Lang, I.M. (2001). Long-term treatment of pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost. Eur Respir J 17: 8-13 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gessler, T., Schmehl, T., Hoeper, M.M., Rose, F., Ghofrani, H.A., Olschewski, H., Grimminger, F., Seeger, W. (2001). Ultrasonic versus jet nebulization of iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 17: 14-19 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gaine, S. (2000). Pulmonary Hypertension. JAMA 284: 3160-3168 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ewert, R., Wensel, R., Opitz, C. F., Hoeper, M. M., Spiekerkoetter, E., Fabel, H. (2000). Aerosolized Iloprost for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. NEJM 343: 1421-1422 [Full Text]  
• (2000). Inhaled Iloprost for Pulmonary Hypertension. Journal Watch Cardiology 2000: 9-9 [Full Text]  
• (2000). An Inhaled Prostacyclin Analogue for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. JWatch General 2000: 3-3 [Full Text]