Patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease have arterialoxygen desaturation resulting from the shunting of systemicvenous blood to the arterial circulation. The magnitude of shuntingdetermines the severity of desaturation. Most children withcyanotic heart disease do not survive to adulthood without surgicalintervention. In adults, the most common causes of cyanoticcongenital heart disease are tetralogy of Fallot61 and Eisenmenger'ssyndrome.
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot, the most common cyanotic congenital heartdefect after infancy, is characterized by a large ventricularseptal defect, an aorta that overrides the left and right ventricles,obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (obstruction. . . [Full Text of this Article]
Ebstein's Anomaly
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
Source Information
From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Hillis at Rm. CS7.102, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75235-9047.
References
This article has been cited by other articles:
MANGHAT, N E, RACHAPALLI, V, LINGEN, R V., VEITCH, A M, ROOBOTTOM, C A, MORGAN-HUGHES, G J
(2008). Imaging the heart valves using ECG-gated 64-detector row cardiac CT. Br. J. Radiol.
81: 275-290
[Abstract][Full Text]
Takaki, M. T. T., Dubinsky, T. J., Warren, B. H., Mitsumori, L., Shuman, W. P.
(2008). Nonatherosclerotic Cardiovascular Findings on MDCT Coronary Angiography: A Selection of Abnormalities. Am. J. Roentgenol.
190: 934-946
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bedard, E., Shore, D. F., Gatzoulis, M. A.
(2008). Adult congenital heart disease: a 2008 overview. Br Med Bull
85: 151-180
[Abstract][Full Text]
Billett, J, Majeed, A, Gatzoulis, M, Cowie, M
(2008). Trends in hospital admissions, in-hospital case fatality and population mortality from congenital heart disease in England, 1994 to 2004. Heart
94: 342-348
[Abstract][Full Text]
Haider, E. A.
(2008). The Boot-shaped Heart Sign. Radiology
246: 328-329
[Full Text]
Khairy, P., Marelli, A. J.
(2007). Clinical Use of Electrocardiography in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. Circulation
116: 2734-2746
[Full Text]
LeBlanc, J., Heran, M.
(2007). Decision-making in unoperated adults with congenital heart disease: a difficult task. ICVTS
6: 820-822
[Abstract][Full Text]
Leschka, S., Oechslin, E., Husmann, L., Desbiolles, L., Marincek, B., Genoni, M., Pretre, R., Jenni, R., Wildermuth, S., Alkadhi, H.
(2007). Pre- and Postoperative Evaluation of Congenital Heart Disease in Children and Adults with 64-Section CT. RadioGraphics
27: 829-846
[Abstract][Full Text]
Attenhofer Jost, C. H., Connolly, H. M., Dearani, J. A., Edwards, W. D., Danielson, G. K.
(2007). Ebstein's Anomaly. Circulation
115: 277-285
[Full Text]
LESSARD, E., GLICK, M., AHMED, S., SARIC, M.
(2005). The patient with a heart murmur: Evaluation, assessment and dental considerations. Journal of the American Dental Association
136: 347-356
[Abstract][Full Text]
Task Force members, , Galie, N., Torbicki, A., Barst, R., Dartevelle, P., Haworth, S., Higenbottam, T., Olschewski, H., Peacock, A., Pietra, G., Rubin, L. J., Simonneau, G.
(2004). Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: The Task Force on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J
25: 2243-2278
[Full Text]
Lovell, A. T.
(2004). Anaesthetic implications of grown-up congenital heart disease. Br J Anaesth
93: 129-139
[Abstract][Full Text]
Khairy, P., Landzberg, M. J., Gatzoulis, M. A., Lucron, H., Lambert, J., Marcon, F., Alexander, M. E., Walsh, E. P.
(2004). Value of Programmed Ventricular Stimulation After Tetralogy of Fallot Repair: A Multicenter Study. Circulation
109: 1994-2000
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cheitlin, M. D., Armstrong, W. F., Aurigemma, G. P., Beller, G. A., Bierman, F. Z., Davis, J. L., Douglas, P. S., Faxon, D. P., Gillam, L. D., Kimball, T. R., Kussmaul, W. G., Pearlman, A. S., Philbrick, J. T., Rakowski, H., Thys, D. M., Antman, E. M., Smith, S. C. Jr, Alpert, J. S., Gregoratos, G., Anderson, J. L., Hiratzka, L. F., Faxon, D. P., Hunt, S. A., Fuster, V., Jacobs, A. K., Gibbons, R. J., Russell, R. O.
(2003). ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography: summary article: a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE committee to update the 1997 guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography). J Am Coll Cardiol
42: 954-970
[Full Text]
Cheitlin, M. D., Armstrong, W. F., Aurigemma, G. P., Beller, G. A., Bierman, F. Z., Davis, J. L., Douglas, P. S., Faxon, D. P., Gillam, L. D., Kimball, T. R., Kussmaul, W. G., Pearlman, A. S., Philbrick, J. T., Rakowski, H., Thys, D. M., Antman, E. M., Smith, S. C. Jr, Alpert, J. S., Gregoratos, G., Anderson, J. L., Hiratzka, L. F., Faxon, D. P., Ann Hunt, S., Fuster, V., Jacobs, A. K., Gibbons, R. J., Russell, R. O.
(2003). ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 Guideline Update for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography: Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE Committee to Update the 1997 Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography). Circulation
108: 1146-1162
[Full Text]
Geohas, C., McLaughlin, V. V.
(2003). Successful Management of Pregnancy in a Patient With Eisenmenger Syndrome With Epoprostenol. Chest
124: 1170-1173
[Abstract][Full Text]
Galie, N., Manes, A., Branzi, A.
(2002). The new clinical trials on pharmacological treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J
20: 1037-1049
[Abstract][Full Text]
Galie, N., Humbert, M., Vachiery, J.-L., Vizza, C., Kneussl, M., Manes, A., Sitbon, O., Torbicki, A., Delcroix, M., Naeije, R., Hoeper, M., Chaouat, A., Morand, S., Besse, B., Simonneau, G., the Arterial Pulmonary Hypertension and Beraprost,
(2002). Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol
39: 1496-1502
[Abstract][Full Text]
SANDOVAL, J., AGUIRRE, J. S., PULIDO, T., MARTINEZ-GUERRA, M. L., SANTOS, E., ALVARADO, P., ROSAS, M., BAUTISTA, E.
(2001). Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy in Patients with the Eisenmenger Syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
164: 1682-1687
[Abstract][Full Text]