A clinician's attention is normally drawn to a system only whenit malfunctions. The HLA system is no exception in this regard,but in contrast to other systems, it also arouses interest whenit functions well too well, in fact. The most dramaticmalfunction of the HLA system occurs when its genes falter intheir expression, resulting in HLA class I or class II deficiencies(the bare lymphocyte syndrome, in which "bare" refers to thelow level of HLA molecules on the cell surface). Severe casesof HLA deficiencies are, in fact, not caused by defective classI or . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Abnormalities of Genes Linked to the HLA Complex
Narcolepsy
Hemochromatosis
HLA Genes and Infectious Diseases
Autoimmune Diseases
Cancer
Transplantation
Applications and Conclusions
Source Information
From the Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Tübingen, Germany.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Klein at the Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Corrensstr. 42, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany, or at jan.klein@tuebingen.mpg.de.
References
This article has been cited by other articles:
Ovsyannikova, I. G., Jacobson, R. M., Dhiman, N., Vierkant, R. A., Pankratz, V. S., Poland, G. A.
(2008). Human Leukocyte Antigen and Cytokine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Associated With Heterogeneous Immune Responses to Mumps Viral Vaccine. Pediatrics
121: e1091-e1099
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ovsyannikova, I. G., Jacobson, R. M., Ryan, J. E., Dhiman, N., Vierkant, R. A., Poland, G. A.
(2007). Relationship between HLA Polymorphisms and Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-10 Cytokine Production in Healthy Individuals after Rubella Vaccination. CVI
14: 115-122
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schumacher, L. Y., Vo, D. D., Garban, H. J., Comin-Anduix, B., Owens, S. K., Dissette, V. B., Glaspy, J. A., McBride, W. H., Bonavida, B., Economou, J. S., Ribas, A.
(2006). Immunosensitization of Tumor Cells to Dendritic Cell-Activated Immune Responses with the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade).. J. Immunol.
176: 4757-4765
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wlodarski, M. W., O'Keefe, C., Howe, E. C., Risitano, A. M., Rodriguez, A., Warshawsky, I., Loughran, T. P. Jr, Maciejewski, J. P.
(2005). Pathologic clonal cytotoxic T-cell responses: nonrandom nature of the T-cell-receptor restriction in large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood
106: 2769-2780
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kimura, H., Kimura, M., Tzou, S.-C., Chen, Y.-C., Suzuki, K., Rose, N. R., Caturegli, P.
(2005). Expression of Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules on Thyrocytes Does Not Cause Spontaneous Thyroiditis but Mildly Increases Its Severity after Immunization. Endocrinology
146: 1154-1162
[Abstract][Full Text]
Geleijns, K., Schreuder, G. M.Th., Jacobs, B. C., Sintnicolaas, K., van Koningsveld, R., Meulstee, J., Laman, J. D., van Doorn, P. A.
(2005). HLA class II alleles are not a general susceptibility factor in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Neurology
64: 44-49
[Abstract][Full Text]
McLaren, P. J., Mayne, M., Rosser, S., Moffatt, T., Becker, K. G., Plummer, F. A., Fowke, K. R.
(2004). Antigen-Specific Gene Expression Profiles of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Do Not Reflect Those of T-Lymphocyte Subsets. CVI
11: 977-982
[Abstract][Full Text]
de Graaf, K. L., Barth, S., Herrmann, M. M., Storch, M. K., Otto, C., Olsson, T., Melms, A., Jung, G., Wiesmuller, K.-H., Weissert, R.
(2004). MHC Class II Isotype- and Allele-Specific Attenuation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol.
173: 2792-2802
[Abstract][Full Text]
Al-Shammri, S, Nelson, R F, Al-Muzairi, I, Akanji, A O
(2004). HLA determinants of susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in an Arabian Gulf population. Mult Scler
10: 381-386
[Abstract]
Kruse, C., Steffensen, R., Varming, K., Christiansen, O.B.
(2004). A study of HLA-DR and -DQ alleles in 588 patients and 562 controls confirms that HLA-DRB1*03 is associated with recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod
19: 1215-1221
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cadena, J, Anaya, J-M, Kvien, T K, Dadoniene, J
(2003). Clinical comparisons of RA between different populations: are they feasible? * Authors' reply. Ann Rheum Dis
62: 1124-1125
[Full Text]
Ribas, A., Butterfield, L. H., Glaspy, J. A., Economou, J. S.
(2003). Current Developments in Cancer Vaccines and Cellular Immunotherapy. JCO
21: 2415-2432
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schwartz, R. S.
(2003). Diversity of the Immune Repertoire and Immunoregulation. NEJM
348: 1017-1026
[Full Text]
Sato, H., Grutters, J. C., Pantelidis, P., Mizzon, A. N., Ahmad, T., van Houte, A.-J., Lammers, J.-W. J., van den Bosch, J. M.M., Welsh, K. I., du Bois, R. M.
(2002). HLA-DQB1*0201: A Marker for Good Prognosis in British and Dutch Patients with Sarcoidosis. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.
27: 406-412
[Abstract][Full Text]
Frustaci, A., Cuoco, L., Chimenti, C., Pieroni, M., Fioravanti, G., Gentiloni, N., Maseri, A., Gasbarrini, G.
(2002). Celiac Disease Associated With Autoimmune Myocarditis. Circulation
105: 2611-2618
[Abstract][Full Text]
Betterle, C., Dal Pra, C., Mantero, F., Zanchetta, R.
(2002). Autoimmune Adrenal Insufficiency and Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes: Autoantibodies, Autoantigens, and Their Applicability in Diagnosis and Disease Prediction. Endocr. Rev.
23: 327-364
[Abstract][Full Text]
Davidson, A., Diamond, B.
(2001). Autoimmune Diseases. NEJM
345: 340-350
[Full Text]
Mignot, E., Thorsby, E.
(2001). Narcolepsy and the HLA System. NEJM
344: 692-692
[Full Text]