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Previous Volume 343:1418-1420 November 9, 2000 Number 19 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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To the Editor: In the United States and the United Kingdom, about 57,000 patients are given a diagnosis of bladder cancer each year. Invasive bladder cancer usually arises from a precursor lesion of either flat carcinoma in situ or noninvasive papillary transitional carcinoma. Flat carcinoma in situ is typified by the increased proliferation of transitional epithelial cells. In approximately 50 percent of patients, bladder carcinoma in situ will evolve into full-blown, invasive bladder cancer. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the transition from carcinoma in situ to invasive cancer would have major implications for the treatment of this condition. . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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