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A correction has been published: N Engl J Med 2001;344(9):696.

Previous Volume 343:1863-1875 December 21, 2000 Number 25 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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The four parathyroid glands, through the secretion of parathyroid hormone, regulate serum calcium concentrations and bone metabolism.¹ In turn, serum calcium concentrations regulate parathyroid hormone secretion; high concentrations inhibit secretion by the parathyroid glands of parathyroid hormone and low concentrations stimulate it.² Low or falling serum calcium concentrations act within seconds to stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion, initiated by means of a calcium-sensing receptor on the surface of the parathyroid cells.² This receptor is a heptahelical molecule, like the receptors for light, odorants, catecholamines, and many peptide hormones.³ Parathyroid hormone secretion is 50 percent of the maximal level at a serum . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Structure and Actions of Parathyroid Hormone

Measurement of Parathyroid Hormone in Serum

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

The Parathyroid Gland in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Categories and Causes of Sporadic Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Syndromes of Hereditary Primary Hyperparathyroidism

            Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1

            Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia

            Neonatal Severe Primary Hyperparathyroidism

            Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A

            Hyperparathyroidism–Jaw Tumor Syndrome

Manifestations of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Effects on Bone

Natural History and Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Hypercalcemia Mediated by Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide

Uremic Hyperparathyroidism

Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism

The Parathyroid Gland in Uremia

Bone Disease in Patients with Chronic Renal Disease and Hyperparathyroidism

Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Chronic Renal Diseases

Hypoparathyroidism

Diagnosis and Causes

            Damage to the Parathyroid Glands from Surgery

            Developmental Defects in the Parathyroid Glands

            Autoimmune Hypoparathyroidism

            Defects in the Parathyroid Hormone Molecule

            Defective Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion

Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism

Calcium and Vitamin D Analogues

Parathyroid-Tissue Transplantation or Parathyroid Hormone

Genetic Disorders of Parathyroid Hormone Action

Defects of the Type 1 Parathyroid Hormone Receptor

            Jansen's Chondrodystrophy

            Blomstrand's Chondrodystrophy

Defects of the Stimulatory Guanine-Nucleotide–Binding Protein

            Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A

            Pseudo-Pseudohypoparathyroidism

            Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1B

Conclusions

Source Information

From the Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Md.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Marx at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bldg. 10, Rm. 9C-101, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-1802, or at StephenM@intra.niddk. nih.gov.

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