Genomic Aberrations and Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Hartmut Döhner, M.D., Stephan Stilgenbauer, M.D., Axel Benner, M.Sc., Elke Leupolt, M.D., Alexander Kröber, M.D., Lars Bullinger, M.D., Konstanze Döhner, M.D., Martin Bentz, M.D., and Peter Lichter, Ph.D.
Background Fluorescence in situ hybridization has improved thedetection of genomic aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.We used this method to identify chromosomal abnormalities inpatients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and assessed theirprognostic implications.
Methods Mononuclear cells from the blood of 325 patients withchronic lymphocytic leukemia were analyzed by fluorescence insitu hybridization for deletions in chromosome bands 6q21, 11q2223,13q14, and 17p13; trisomy of bands 3q26, 8q24, and 12q13; andtranslocations involving band 14q32. Molecular cytogenetic datawere correlated with clinical findings.
Results Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 268 of 325cases (82 percent). The most frequent changes were a deletionin 13q (55 percent), a deletion in 11q (18 percent), trisomyof 12q (16 percent), a deletion in 17p (7 percent), and a deletionin 6q (6 percent). Five categories were defined with a statisticalmodel: 17p deletion, 11q deletion, 12q trisomy, normal karyotype,and 13q deletion as the sole abnormality; the median survivaltimes for patients in these groups were 32, 79, 114, 111, and133 months, respectively. Patients in the 17p- and 11q-deletiongroups had more advanced disease than those in the other threegroups. Patients with 17p deletions had the shortest mediantreatment-free interval (9 months), and those with 13q deletionshad the longest (92 months). In multivariate analysis, the presenceor absence of a 17p deletion, the presence or absence of an11q deletion, age, Binet stage, the serum lactate dehydrogenaselevel, and the white-cell count gave significant prognosticinformation.
Conclusions Genomic aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemiaare important independent predictors of disease progressionand survival. These findings have implications for the designof risk-adapted treatment strategies.
Source Information
From the Department of Internal Medicine III University of Ulm, Ulm (H.D., S.S., E.L., A.K., L.B., K.D., M.B.); and the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg (A.B., P.L.) both in Germany.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Hartmut Döhner at the Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 89081 Ulm, Germany, or at hartmut.doehner{at}medizin.uni-ulm.de.
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(2008). The NF-{kappa}B subunit Rel A is associated with in vitro survival and clinical disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and represents a promising therapeutic target. Blood
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Athanasiadou, A., Stamatopoulos, K., Gaitatzi, M., Stavroyianni, N., Fassas, A., Anagnostopoulos, A.
(2008). Recurrent cytogenetic findings in subsets of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia expressing IgG-switched stereotyped immunoglobulins. haematol
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Agrawal, S. G., Liu, F.-T., Wiseman, C., Shirali, S., Liu, H., Lillington, D., Du, M.-Q., Syndercombe-Court, D., Newland, A. C., Gribben, J. G., Jia, L.
(2008). Increased proteasomal degradation of Bax is a common feature of poor prognosis chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood
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Ouillette, P., Erba, H., Kujawski, L., Kaminski, M., Shedden, K., Malek, S. N.
(2008). Integrated Genomic Profiling of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Identifies Subtypes of Deletion 13q14. Cancer Res.
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Roos, G., Krober, A., Grabowski, P., Kienle, D., Buhler, A., Dohner, H., Rosenquist, R., Stilgenbauer, S.
(2008). Short telomeres are associated with genetic complexity, high-risk genomic aberrations, and short survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood
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Gachard, N., Salviat, A., Boutet, C., Arnoulet, C., Durrieu, F., Lenormand, B., Lepretre, S., Olschwang, S., Jardin, F., Lafage-Pochitaloff, M., Penther, D., Sainty, D., Reminieras, L., Feuillard, J., Bene, M. C., for the GEIL,
(2008). Multicenter study of ZAP-70 expression in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia using an optimized flow cytometry method. haematol
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Saddler, C., Ouillette, P., Kujawski, L., Shangary, S., Talpaz, M., Kaminski, M., Erba, H., Shedden, K., Wang, S., Malek, S. N.
(2008). Comprehensive biomarker and genomic analysis identifies p53 status as the major determinant of response to MDM2 inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood
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Sellick, G. S., Wade, R., Richards, S., Oscier, D. G., Catovsky, D., Houlston, R. S.
(2008). Scan of 977 nonsynonymous SNPs in CLL4 trial patients for the identification of genetic variants influencing prognosis. Blood
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Gattei, V., Bulian, P., Del Principe, M. I., Zucchetto, A., Maurillo, L., Buccisano, F., Bomben, R., Dal-Bo, M., Luciano, F., Rossi, F. M., Degan, M., Amadori, S., Del Poeta, G.
(2008). Relevance of CD49d protein expression as overall survival and progressive disease prognosticator in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood
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Hauswirth, A. W., Jager, U.
(2008). Impact of cytogenetic and molecular prognostic markers on the clinical management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. haematol
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Gine, E., Crespo, M., Muntanola, A., Calpe, E., Baptista, M. J., Villamor, N., Montserrat, E., Bosch, F.
(2008). Induction of histone H1.2 cytosolic release in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells after genotoxic and non-genotoxic treatment. haematol
93: 75-82
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Bosch, F., Ferrer, A., Villamor, N., Gonzalez, M., Briones, J., Gonzalez-Barca, E., Abella, E., Gardella, S., Escoda, L., Perez-Ceballos, E., Asensi, A., Sayas, M. J., Font, L., Altes, A., Muntanola, A., Bertazzoni, P., Rozman, M., Aymerich, M., Gine, E., Montserrat, E.
(2008). Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Mitoxantrone as Initial Therapy of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: High Response Rate and Disease Eradication. Clin. Cancer Res.
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Gribben, J. G.
(2008). Molecular Profiling in CLL. ASH Education Book
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(2008). The Role of Stem Cell Transplantation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Am Soc Clin Oncol Ed Book
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Hillmen, P., Skotnicki, A. B., Robak, T., Jaksic, B., Dmoszynska, A., Wu, J., Sirard, C., Mayer, J.
(2007). Alemtuzumab Compared With Chlorambucil As First-Line Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. JCO
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Austen, B., Skowronska, A., Baker, C., Powell, J. E., Gardiner, A., Oscier, D., Majid, A., Dyer, M., Siebert, R., Taylor, A. M., Moss, P. A., Stankovic, T.
(2007). Mutation Status of the Residual ATM Allele Is an Important Determinant of the Cellular Response to Chemotherapy and Survival in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Containing an 11q Deletion. JCO
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Santidrian, A. F., Cosialls, A. M., Coll-Mulet, L., Iglesias-Serret, D., de Frias, M., Gonzalez-Girones, D. M., Campas, C., Domingo, A., Pons, G., Gil, J.
(2007). The potential anticancer agent PK11195 induces apoptosis irrespective of p53 and ATM status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. haematol
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Damle, R. N., Temburni, S., Calissano, C., Yancopoulos, S., Banapour, T., Sison, C., Allen, S. L., Rai, K. R., Chiorazzi, N.
(2007). CD38 expression labels an activated subset within chronic lymphocytic leukemia clones enriched in proliferating B cells. Blood
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Tsimberidou, A. M., Wen, S., O'Brien, S., McLaughlin, P., Wierda, W. G., Ferrajoli, A., Faderl, S., Manning, J., Lerner, S., Mai, C. V., Rodriguez, A. M., Hess, M., Do, K.-A., Freireich, E. J., Kantarjian, H. M., Medeiros, L. J., Keating, M. J.
(2007). Assessment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma by Absolute Lymphocyte Counts in 2,126 Patients: 20 Years of Experience at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. JCO
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Willimott, S., Baou, M., Huf, S., Deaglio, S., Wagner, S. D.
(2007). Regulation of CD38 in proliferating chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells stimulated with CD154 and interleukin-4. haematol
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Durig, J., Ebeling, P., Grabellus, F., Sorg, U. R., Mollmann, M., Schutt, P., Gothert, J., Sellmann, L., Seeber, S., Flasshove, M., Duhrsen, U., Moritz, T.
(2007). A Novel Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficient Xenograft Model for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Reflects Important Clinical Characteristics of the Disease. Cancer Res.
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Joshi, A. D., Hegde, G. V., Dickinson, J. D., Mittal, A. K., Lynch, J. C., Eudy, J. D., Armitage, J. O., Bierman, P. J., Bociek, R. G., Devetten, M. P., Vose, J. M., Joshi, S. S.
(2007). ATM, CTLA4, MNDA, and HEM1 in High versus Low CD38 Expressing B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin. Cancer Res.
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Stilgenbauer, S., Sander, S., Bullinger, L., Benner, A., Leupolt, E., Winkler, D., Krober, A., Kienle, D., Lichter, P., Dohner, H.
(2007). Clonal evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: acquisition of high-risk genomic aberrations associated with unmutated VH, resistance to therapy, and short survival. haematol
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Ross, C. W., Ouillette, P. D., Saddler, C. M., Shedden, K. A., Malek, S. N.
(2007). Comprehensive Analysis of Copy Number and Allele Status Identifies Multiple Chromosome Defects Underlying Follicular Lymphoma Pathogenesis. Clin. Cancer Res.
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Kienle, D., Katzenberger, T., Ott, G., Saupe, D., Benner, A., Kohlhammer, H., Barth, T. F.E., Holler, S., Kalla, J., Rosenwald, A., Muller-Hermelink, H. K., Moller, P., Lichter, P., Dohner, H., Stilgenbauer, S.
(2007). Quantitative Gene Expression Deregulation in Mantle-Cell Lymphoma: Correlation With Clinical and Biologic Factors. JCO
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Raveche, E. S., Salerno, E., Scaglione, B. J., Manohar, V., Abbasi, F., Lin, Y.-C., Fredrickson, T., Landgraf, P., Ramachandra, S., Huppi, K., Toro, J. R., Zenger, V. E., Metcalf, R. A., Marti, G. E.
(2007). Abnormal microRNA-16 locus with synteny to human 13q14 linked to CLL in NZB mice. Blood
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Sabattini, E., Orduz, R., Campidelli, C., Zinzani, P. L., Callea, V., Zupo, S., Cutrona, G., Morabito, F., Ferrarini, M., Pileri, S.
(2007). B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: role of ZAP70 determination on bone marrow biopsy specimens. J. Clin. Pathol.
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Josefsson, P., Geisler, C. H., Leffers, H., Petersen, J. H., Andersen, M. K., Jurlander, J., Buhl, A. M.
(2007). CLLU1 expression analysis adds prognostic information to risk prediction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood
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Wierda, W. G., O'Brien, S., Wang, X., Faderl, S., Ferrajoli, A., Do, K.-A., Cortes, J., Thomas, D., Garcia-Manero, G., Koller, C., Beran, M., Giles, F., Ravandi, F., Lerner, S., Kantarjian, H., Keating, M.
(2007). Prognostic nomogram and index for overall survival in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood
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Fulci, V., Chiaretti, S., Goldoni, M., Azzalin, G., Carucci, N., Tavolaro, S., Castellano, L., Magrelli, A., Citarella, F., Messina, M., Maggio, R., Peragine, N., Santangelo, S., Mauro, F. R., Landgraf, P., Tuschl, T., Weir, D. B., Chien, M., Russo, J. J., Ju, J., Sheridan, R., Sander, C., Zavolan, M., Guarini, A., Foa, R., Macino, G.
(2007). Quantitative technologies establish a novel microRNA profile of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood
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Vallat, L. D., Park, Y., Li, C., Gribben, J. G.
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Muntanola, A., Bosch, F., Arguis, P., Arellano-Rodrigo, E., Ayuso, C., Gine, E., Crespo, M., Abrisqueta, P., Moreno, C., Cobo, F., Lopez-Guillermo, A., Montserrat, E.
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Wolff, D. J., Bagg, A., Cooley, L. D., Dewald, G. W., Hirsch, B. A., Jacky, P. B., Rao, K. W., Rao, P. N., the Association for Molecular Pathology Clinical P,
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