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Previous Volume 343:269-280 July 27, 2000 Number 4 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the progressive development of airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.¹ The term COPD encompasses chronic obstructive bronchitis, with obstruction of small airways, and emphysema, with enlargement of air spaces and destruction of lung parenchyma, loss of lung elasticity, and closure of small airways. Chronic bronchitis, by contrast, is defined by the presence of a productive cough of more than three months' duration for more than two successive years. The cough is due to hypersecretion of mucus and is not necessarily accompanied by airflow limitation. However, there is some epidemiologic evidence that . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Epidemiology

Molecular Genetics

Risk Factors

Inflammation

Inflammatory Cells and Mediators

Protease–Antiprotease Imbalance

Oxidative Stress

Systemic Effects

Amplifying Mechanisms

Acute Exacerbations

Advances in Drug Therapy

Antismoking Measures

New Bronchodilators

Antibiotics

Oxygen

Corticosteroids

Nonpharmacologic Treatments

Noninvasive Ventilation

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Lung-Volume–Reduction Surgery

New Treatments

Mediator Antagonists

Protease Inhibitors

New Antiinflammatory Drugs

Drug Delivery

Future Developments

Source Information

From the Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London.

Address reprint requests to Professor Barnes at the Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse St., London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom, or at p.j.barnes@ic.ac.uk.

References

Related Letters:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Sethi S., Murphy T. F., Nichol K. L., Marras T. K., Marras L. C., Barnes P. J.
Extract | Full Text  
N Engl J Med 2000; 343:1969-1971, Dec 28, 2000. Correspondence

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